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■ 사무엘하 20장
1. 마침 거기 난류 하나가 있으니 베냐민 사람 비그리의 아들 세바라 하는 자라 저가 나팔을 불며 가로되 우리는 다윗과 함께할 분의가 없으며 이새의 아들과 함께 할 업이 없도다 이스라엘아 각각 장막으로 돌아가라 하매
And there happened to be there a man of Belial , whose name was Sheba , the son of Bichri , a Benjamite : and he blew a trumpet , and said , We have no part in David , neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse : every man to his tents , O Israel .
2. 이에 온 이스라엘 사람들이 다윗 좇기를 그치고 올라가 비그리의 아들 세바를 좇으나 유다 사람들은 왕에게 합하여 요단에서 예루살렘까지 좇으니라
So every man of Israel went up from after David , and followed Sheba the son of Bichri : but the men of Judah clave unto their king , from Jordan even to Jerusalem .
3. 다윗이 예루살렘 본궁에 이르러 전에 머물러 궁을 지키게 한 후궁 열 명을 잡아 별실에 가두고 먹을 것만 주고 더불어 동침치 아니하니 저희가 죽는 날까지 갇혀서 생과부로 지내니라
And David came to his house at Jerusalem ; and the king took the ten women his concubines , whom he had left to keep the house , and put them in ward , and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were shut up unto the day of their death , living in widowhood .
4. 왕이 아마사에게 이르되 너는 나를 위하여 삼 일 내로 유다 사람을 소집하고 너도 여기 있으라
Then said the king to Amasa , Assemble me the men of Judah within three days , and be thou here present .
5. 아마사가 유다 사람을 소집하러 가더니 왕의 정한 기한에 지체된지라
So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah : but he tarried longer than the set time which he had appointed him.
6. 다윗이 이에 아비새에게 이르되 이제 비그리의 아들 세바가 압살롬보다 우리를 더 해하리니 너는 네 왕의 신복들을 거느리고 쫓아가라 저가 견고한 성에 들어가서 우리들을 피할까 염려하노라 하매
And David said to Abishai , Now shall Sheba the son of Bichri do us more harm than did Absalom : take thou thy lord’s servants , and pursue after him, lest he get him fenced cities , and escape us .
7. 요압을 좇는 자들과 그렛 사람들과 블렛 사람들과 모든 용사들이 다 아비새를 따라 비그리의 아들 세바를 쫓으려고 예루살렘에서 나와서
And there went out after him Joab’s men , and the Cherethites , and the Pelethites , and all the mighty men : and they went out of Jerusalem , to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri .
8. 기브온 큰 바위 곁에 이르매 아마사가 맞으러 오니 때에 요압이 군복을 입고 띠를 띠고 집에 꽂은 칼을 허리에 매었는데 저가 행할 때에 칼이 빠져 떨어졌더라
When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon , Amasa went before them. And Joab’s garment that he had put on was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out .
9. 요압이 아마사에게 이르되 형은 평안하뇨 하며 오른손으로 아마사의 수염을 잡고 그 입을 맞추려는 체하매
And Joab said to Amasa , Art thou in health , my brother ? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him.
10. 아마사가 요압의 손에 있는 칼은 주의치 아니한지라 요압이 칼로 그 배를 찌르매 그 창자가 땅에 흐르니 다시 치지 아니하여도 죽으니라 요압과 그 동생 아비새가 비그리의 아들 세바를 쫓을새
But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab’s hand : so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground , and struck him not again ; and he died . So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri .
11. 요압의 소년 중 하나가 아마사의 곁에 서서 가로되 요압을 좋아하는 자와 다윗을 위하는 자는 요압을 따르라 할 때에
And one of Joab’s men stood by him, and said , He that favoureth Joab , and he that is for David , let him go after Joab .
12. 아마사가 길 가운데 피 속에 굴어졌는지라 그 소년이 모든 백성의 섰는 것을 보고 아마사를 큰 길에서부터 밭으로 옮겼으나 거기 이르는 자도 다 멈추어 서는 것을 보고 옷을 그 위에 덮으니라
And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway . And when the man saw that all the people stood still , he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field , and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still .
13. 아마사를 큰 길에서 옮겨가매 사람들이 다 요압을 따라 비그리의 아들 세바를 쫓아가니라
When he was removed out of the highway , all the people went on after Joab , to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri .
14. 요압이 이스라엘 모든 지파 가운데 두루 행하여 아벨과 벧마아가와 베림 온 땅에 이르니 그 무리도 다 모여 저를 따르더라
And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel , and to Beth–maachah , and all the Berites : and they were gathered together , and went also after him.
15. 이에 저희가 벧마아가 아벨로 가서 세바를 에우고 그 성읍을 향하여 해자 언덕 위에 토성을 쌓고 요압과 함께한 모든 백성이 성벽을 쳐서 헐고자 하더니
And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth–maachah , and they cast up a bank against the city , and it stood in the trench : and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall , to throw it down .
16. 그 성에서 지혜로운 여인 하나가 외쳐 가로되 들을지어다 들을지어다 청컨대 너희는 요압에게 이르기를 이리로 가까이 오라 내가 네게 말하려 하노라 한다 하라
Then cried a wise woman out of the city , Hear , hear ; say , I pray you, unto Joab , Come near hither, that I may speak with thee.
17. 요압이 그 여인에게 가까이 가니 여인이 가로되 당신이 요압이니이까 대답하되 그러하다 여인이 저에게 이르되 여종의 말을 들으소서 대답하되 내가 들으리라
And when he was come near unto her, the woman said , Art thou Joab ? And he answered , I am he. Then she said unto him, Hear the words of thine handmaid . And he answered , I do hear .
18. 여인이 말하여 가로되 옛 사람들이 흔히 말하기를 아벨에 가서 물을 것이라 하고 그 일을 끝내었나이다
Then she spake , saying , They were wont to speak in old time , saying , They shall surely ask counsel at Abel : and so they ended the matter.
19. 나는 이스라엘의 화평하고 충성된 자 중 하나이어늘 당신이 이스라엘 가운데 어미 같은 성을 멸하고자 하시는도다 어찌하여 당신이 여호와의 기업을 삼키고자 하시나이까
I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel : thou seekest to destroy a city and a mother in Israel : why wilt thou swallow up the inheritance of the Lord ?
20. 요압이 대답하여 가로되 결단코 그렇지 아니하다 결단코 그렇지 아니하다 삼키거나 멸하거나 하려함이 아니니
And Joab answered and said , Far be it , far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy .
21. 그 일이 그러한 것이 아니니라 에브라임 산지 사람 비그리의 아들 세바라 하는 자가 손을 들어 왕 다윗을 대적하였나니 너희가 저만 내어 주면 내가 이 성읍에서 떠나가리라 여인이 요압에게 이르되 저의 머리를 성읍에서 당신에게 내어 던지리이다 하고
The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim , Sheba the son of Bichri by name , hath lifted up his hand against the king , even against David : deliver him only, and I will depart from the city . And the woman said unto Joab , Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall .
22. 이에 여인이 그 지혜로 모든 백성에게 말하매 저희가 비그리의 아들 세바의 머리를 베어 요압에게 던진지라 이에 요압이 나팔을 불매 무리가 흩어져 성읍에서 물러나서 각기 장막으로 돌아가고 요압은 예루살렘으로 돌아와서 왕에게 나아가니라
Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom . And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri , and cast it out to Joab . And he blew a trumpet , and they retired from the city , every man to his tent . And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king .
23. 요압은 이스라엘 온 군대의 장관이 되고 여호야다의 아들 브나야는 그렛 사람과 블렛 사람의 장관이 되고
Now Joab was over all the host of Israel : and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites :
24. 아도니람은 감역관이 되고 아힐룻의 아들 여호사밧은 사관이 되고
And Adoram was over the tribute : and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder :
25. 스와는 서기관이 되고 사독과 아비아달은 제사장이 되고
And Sheva was scribe : and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests :
26. 야일 사람 이라는 다윗의 대신이 되니라
And Ira also the Jairite was a chief ruler about David .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하20:1 JFB】삼하20:1-9. Sheba Makes a Party in Israel.
1. Sheba … a Benjamite—Though nothing is known of this man, he must have been a person of considerable power and influence, before he could have raised so sudden and extensive a sedition. He belonged to the tribe of Benjamin, where the adherents of Saul's dynasty were still numerous; and perceiving the strong disgust of the other tribes with the part assumed by Judah in the restoration, his ill-designing heart resolved to turn it to the overthrow of David's authority in Israel.
every man to his tents—This proverbial expression may have had its foundation in the fact, that many of the Israelite peasantry adhered to the custom of the patriarchs who tilled land, and yet lived in tents, as Syrian peasants often do still. This was the usual watchword of national insurrection, and from the actual temper of the people, it was followed by effects beyond what he probably anticipated.
【삼하20:1 MHCC】One trial arises after another for our good, till we reach the place where sin and sorrow are for ever done away. Angry disputers misunderstand or misconstrue one another's words; proud men will have every thing their own way, or wholly refuse their assistance. The favour of the many is not to be depended upon; and what have others to expect, when Hosanna to the Son of David was soon changed to Crucify him, crucify him?
【삼하20:2 JFB】2. from Jordan even to Jerusalem—The quarrel had broken out shortly after the crossing of the Jordan, between Judah and the other tribes, who withdrew; so that Judah was left nearly alone to conduct the king to the metropolis.
【삼하20:3 JFB】3. the king took the ten women his concubines—Jewish writers say that the widowed queens of Hebrew monarchs were not allowed to marry again but were obliged to pass the rest of their lives in strict seclusion. David treated his concubines in the same manner after the outrage committed on them by Absalom. They were not divorced, for they were guiltless; but they were no longer publicly recognized as his wives; nor was their confinement to a sequestered life a very heavy doom, in a region where women have never been accustomed to go much abroad.
【삼하20:4 JFB】4. Then said the king to Amasa, Assemble me the men of Judah within three days—Amasa is now installed in the command which David had promised him. The revolt of the ten tribes, probably, hastened the public declaration of this appointment, which he hoped would be popular with them, and Amasa was ordered within three days to levy a force from Judah sufficient to put down the insurrection. The appointment was a blunder, and the king soon perceived his error. The specified time passed, but Amasa could not muster the men. Dreading the loss of time, the king gave the commission to Abishai, and not to Joab—a new affront, which, no doubt, wounded the pride of the stern and haughty old general. But he hastened with his attached soldiers to go as second to his brother, determined to take the first opportunity of wreaking his vengeance on his successful rival.
【삼하20:4 MHCC】Joab barbarously murdered Amasa. The more plot there is in a sin, the worse it is. Joab contentedly sacrificed the interest both of the king and the kingdom to his personal revenge. But one would wonder with what face a murderer could pursue a traitor; and how, under such a load of guilt, he had courage to enter upon danger: his conscience was seared.
【삼하20:8 JFB】8. Amasa went before them—Having collected some forces, he by a rapid march overtook the expedition at Gibeon, and assumed the place of commander; in which capacity, he was saluted, among others, by Joab.
Joab's garment, that he had put on was girded unto him—in the fashion of travellers and soldiers.
a sword … and as he went forth it fell out—that is, out of the scabbard. According to Josephus, he let it drop on purpose as he was accosting Amasa, that stooping, as it were accidentally, to pick it up, he might salute the new general with the naked sword in his hand, without exciting any suspicion of his design.
He went forth—in a ceremonious manner to meet Amasa, now commander-in-chief, in order to seem to render to that officer, whom he considered as usurping his post, a conspicuous honor and homage.
【삼하20:9 JFB】9. took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him—This act, common with two friends on meeting when one of them returns from a journey, indicates respect as well as kindliness, and the performance of it evinced the deep hypocrisy of Joab, who thereby put Amasa off his guard. No wonder, then, that while this act of friendly gratulation after long absence occupied Amasa's attention, he did not perceive the sword that was in Joab's left hand. The action of Joab was indeed a high compliment, but neither suspicious nor unusual and to this compliment, Amasa paying attention and no doubt returning it with suitable politeness, he could little expect the fatal event that Joab's perfidy produced.
【삼하20:10 JFB】삼하20:10-13. Amasa Is Slain.
10. smote him … in the fifth rib—the seat of the liver and bowels, where wounds are mortal.
struck him not again—that is, despatched him at the first blow.
【삼하20:11 JFB】11-13. He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab—It is a striking proof of Joab's unrivalled influence over the army, that with this villainous murder perpetrated before their eyes they unanimously followed him as their leader in pursuit of Sheba. A soldier conjoined his name with David's, and such a magic spell was in the word "Joab," that all the people "went on"—Amasa's men as well as the rest. The conjunction of these two names is very significant. It shows that the one could not afford to do without the other—neither Joab to rebel against David, nor David to get rid of Joab, though hating him.
【삼하20:14 JFB】삼하20:14, 15. Joab Pursues Sheba unto Abel.
14. he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel—beating up for recruits. But there the prompt marches of Joab overtook and hemmed him in by a close siege of the place.
【삼하20:14 MHCC】Justly is that place attacked, which dares to harbour a traitor; nor will the heart fare better which indulges rebellious lusts, that will not have Christ to reign over them. A discreet woman, by her prudent management, satisfied Joab, and yet saved the city. Wisdom is not confined to rank or sex; it consists not in deep knowledge; but in understanding how to act as matters arise, that troubles may be turned away and benefits secured. A great deal of mischief would be prevented, if contending parties would understand one another. Let both sides be undeceived. The single condition of peace is, the surrender of the traitor. It is so in God's dealing with the soul, when besieged by conviction and distress; sin is the traitor; the beloved lust is the rebel: part with that, cast away the transgression, and all shall be well. There is no peace on any other terms.
【삼하20:15 JFB】15. Abel of Beth-maachah—a verdant place—the addition of "Maachah" betokening that it belonged to the district Maachah, which lay far up the Jordan at the foot of Lebanon.
【삼하20:16 JFB】삼하20:16-22. A Wise Woman Saves the City by Sheba's Head.
16. Then cried a wise woman—The appeal of this woman, who, like Deborah, was probably a judge or governess of the place, was a strong one.
【삼하20:18 JFB】18-20. They were wont to speak in old time—The translation of the Margin gives a better meaning, which is to this effect: When the people saw thee lay siege to Abel, they said, Surely he will ask if we will have peace, for the law (신20:10) prescribes that he should offer peace to strangers, much more then to Israelitish cities; and if he do this, we shall soon bring things to an amicable agreement, for we are a peaceable people. The answer of Joab brings out the character of that ruthless veteran as a patriot at heart, who, on securing the author of this insurrection, was ready to put a stop to further bloodshed and release the peaceable inhabitants from all molestation.
【삼하20:23 JFB】삼하20:23-26. David's Great Officers.
23. Now Joab was over all the host of Israel—David, whatever his private wishes, found that he possessed not the power of removing Joab; so winking at the murder of Amasa, he re-established that officer in his former post of commander-in-chief. The enumeration of David's cabinet is here given to show that the government was re-established in its wonted course.
【삼하20:23 MHCC】Here is the state of David's court, after his restoration. It is well when able men are appointed to discharge public duties; let all seek to perform those duties, as faithful servants to the Son of David.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.