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■ 사무엘하 19장
1. 혹이 요압에게 고하되 왕이 압살롬을 위하여 울며 슬퍼 하시나이다 하니
And it was told Joab , Behold, the king weepeth and mourneth for Absalom .
2. 왕이 그 아들을 위하여 슬퍼한다 함이 그 날에 백성들에게 들리매 그 날의 이김이 모든 백성에게 슬픔이 된지라
And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people : for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son .
3. 그 날에 백성들이 싸움에 쫓겨 부끄러워 도망함 같이 가만히 성으로 들어가니라
And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city , as people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle .
4. 왕이 얼굴을 가리우고 큰 소리로 부르되 내 아들 압살롬아 압살롬아 내 아들아 내 아들아 하니
But the king covered his face , and the king cried with a loud voice , O my son Absalom , O Absalom , my son , my son !
5. 요압이 집에 들어가서 왕께 말씀하되 왕께서 오늘 왕의 생명과 왕의 자녀의 생명과 처첩들의 생명을 구원한 모든 신복의 얼굴을 부끄럽게 하시니
And Joab came into the house to the king , and said , Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants , which this day have saved thy life , and the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters , and the lives of thy wives , and the lives of thy concubines ;
6. 이는 왕께서 미워하는 자는 사랑하시며 사랑하는 자는 미워하시고 오늘 장관들과 신복들을 멸시하심을 나타내심이라 오늘 내가 깨달으니 만일 압살롬이 살고 오늘 우리가 다 죽었더면 왕이 마땅히 여기실 뻔하였나이다
In that thou lovest thine enemies , and hatest thy friends . For thou hast declared this day , that thou regardest neither princes nor servants : for this day I perceive , that if Absalom had lived , and all we had died this day , then it had pleased thee well .
7. 이제 곧 일어나 나가서 왕의 신복들의 마음을 위로하여 말씀하옵소서 내가 여호와를 가리켜 맹세하옵나니 왕이 만일 나가지 아니하시면 오늘 밤에 한 사람도 왕과 함께 머물지 아니할지라 그리하면 그 화가 왕이 젊었을 때부터 지금까지 당하신 모든 화보다 더욱 심하리이다
Now therefore arise , go forth , and speak comfortably unto thy servants : for I swear by the Lord , if thou go not forth , there will not tarry one with thee this night : and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that befell thee from thy youth until now.
8. 왕이 일어나 성문에 앉으매 혹이 모든 백성에게 고하되 왕이 문에 앉아 계시다 하니 모든 백성이 왕의 앞으로 나아오니라 이스라엘은 이미 각기 장막으로 도망하였더라
Then the king arose , and sat in the gate . And they told unto all the people , saying , Behold, the king doth sit in the gate . And all the people came before the king : for Israel had fled every man to his tent .
9. 이스라엘 모든 지파 백성들이 변론하여 가로되 왕이 우리를 원수의 손에서 구원하여 내셨고 또 우리를 블레셋 사람의 손에서 구원하셨으나 이제 압살롬을 피하여 나라에서 나가셨고
And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel , saying , The king saved us out of the hand of our enemies , and he delivered us out of the hand of the Philistines ; and now he is fled out of the land for Absalom .
10. 우리가 기름을 부어 우리를 다스리게 한 압살롬은 싸움에 죽었거늘 이제 너희가 어찌하여 왕을 도로 모셔 올 일에 잠잠하고 있느냐 하니라
And Absalom , whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle . Now therefore why speak ye not a word of bringing the king back ?
11. 다윗 왕이 사독과 아비아달 두 제사장에게 기별하여 가로되 너희는 유다 장로들에게 고하여 이르기를 왕의 말씀이 온 이스라엘이 왕을 궁으로 도로 모셔오자 하는 말이 왕께 들렸거늘 너희는 어찌하여 궁으로 모시는 일에 나중이 되느냐
And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests , saying , Speak unto the elders of Judah , saying , Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house ? seeing the speech of all Israel is come to the king , even to his house .
12. 너희는 내 형제요 내 골육이어늘 어찌하여 왕을 도로 모셔 오는 일에 나중이 되리요 하셨다 하고
Ye are my brethren , ye are my bones and my flesh : wherefore then are ye the last to bring back the king ?
13. 너희는 또 아마사에게 이르기를 너는 내 골육이 아니냐 네가 요압을 대신하여 항상 내 앞에서 군장이 되지 아니하면 하나님이 내게 벌 위에 벌을 내리시기를 바라노라 하셨다 하라 하여
And say ye to Amasa , Art thou not of my bone , and of my flesh ? God do so to me, and more also, if thou be not captain of the host before me continually in the room of Joab .
14. 모든 유다 사람들로 마음을 일제히 돌리게 하매 저희가 왕께 보내어 가로되 왕은 모든 신복으로 더불어 돌아오소서 한지라
And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah , even as the heart of one man ; so that they sent this word unto the king , Return thou, and all thy servants .
15. 왕이 돌아와 요단에 이르매 유다 족속이 왕을 맞아 요단을 건네려 하여 길갈로 오니라
So the king returned , and came to Jordan . And Judah came to Gilgal , to go to meet the king , to conduct the king over Jordan .
16. 바후림에 있는 베냐민 사람 게라의 아들 시므이가 급히 유다 사람과 함께 다윗 왕을 맞으려 내려올 때에
And Shimei the son of Gera , a Benjamite , which was of Bahurim , hasted and came down with the men of Judah to meet king David .
17. 베냐민 사람 일천 명이 저와 함께 하고 사울의 사환 시바도 그 아들 열다섯과 종 스무 명으로 더불어 저와 함께 하여 요단 강을 밟고 건너 왕의 앞으로 나아오니라
And there were a thousand men of Benjamin with him, and Ziba the servant of the house of Saul , and his fifteen sons and his twenty servants with him; and they went over Jordan before the king .
18. 왕의 가족을 건네려 하며 왕의 선히 여기는 대로 쓰게 하려하여 나룻배가 건너가니 왕이 요단을 건너려 할 때에 게라의 아들 시므이가 왕의 앞에 엎드려
And there went over a ferry boat to carry over the king’s household , and to do what he thought good . And Shimei the son of Gera fell down before the king , as he was come over Jordan ;
19. 왕께 고하되 내 주여 원컨대 내게 죄 주지 마옵소서 내 주 왕께서 예루살렘에서 나오시던 날에 종의 패역한 일을 기억하지 마옵시며 마음에 두지 마옵소서
And said unto the king , Let not my lord impute iniquity unto me, neither do thou remember that which thy servant did perversely the day that my lord the king went out of Jerusalem , that the king should take it to his heart .
20. 왕의 종 내가 범죄한 줄 아옵는고로 오늘 요셉의 온 족속 중 내가 먼저 내려와서 내 주 왕을 영접하나이다
For thy servant doth know that I have sinned : therefore, behold, I am come the first this day of all the house of Joseph to go down to meet my lord the king .
21. 스루야의 아들 아비새가 대답하여 가로되 시므이가 여호와의 기름 부으신 자를 저주하였으니 그로 인하여 죽어야 마땅치 아니하니이까
But Abishai the son of Zeruiah answered and said , Shall not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed the Lord’s anointed ?
22. 다윗이 가로되 스루야의 아들들아 내가 너희와 무슨 상관이 있기로 너희가 오늘 나의 대적이 되느냐 오늘 어찌하여 이스라엘 가운데서 사람을 죽이겠느냐 내가 오늘날 이스라엘의 왕이 된 것을 내가 알지 못하리요 하고
And David said , What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah , that ye should this day be adversaries unto me? shall there any man be put to death this day in Israel ? for do not I know that I am this day king over Israel ?
23. 시므이에게 이르되 네가 죽지 아니하리라 하고 저에게 맹세하니라
Therefore the king said unto Shimei , Thou shalt not die . And the king sware unto him.
24. 사울의 손자 므비보셋이 내려와서 왕을 맞으니 저는 왕의 떠난 날부터 평안히 돌아오는 날까지 그 발을 맵시내지 아니하며 그 수염을 깎지 아니하며 옷을 빨지 아니하였더라
And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king , and had neither dressed his feet , nor trimmed his beard , nor washed his clothes , from the day the king departed until the day he came again in peace .
25. 예루살렘에서 와서 왕을 맞을 때에 왕이 저에게 물어 가로되 므비보셋이여 네가 어찌하여 나와 함께 가지 아니하였더뇨
And it came to pass, when he was come to Jerusalem to meet the king , that the king said unto him, Wherefore wentest not thou with me, Mephibosheth ?
26. 대답하되 내 주 왕이여 왕의 종 나는 절뚝발이이므로 내 나귀에 안장을 지워 타고 왕과 함께 가려하였더니 나의 종이 나를 속이고
And he answered , My lord , O king , my servant deceived me: for thy servant said , I will saddle me an ass , that I may ride thereon, and go to the king ; because thy servant is lame .
27. 종 나를 내 주 왕께 참소하였나이다 내 주 왕께서는 하나님의 사자와 같으시니 왕의 처분대로 하옵소서
And he hath slandered thy servant unto my lord the king ; but my lord the king is as an angel of God : do therefore what is good in thine eyes .
28. 내 아비의 온 집이 내 주 왕 앞에서는 다만 죽을 사람이 되지 아니하였었나이까 그러나 종을 왕의 상에서 음식 먹는 자 가운데 두셨사오니 내게 오히려 무슨 옳음이 있어서 다시 왕께 부르짖을 수 있사오리이까
For all of my father’s house were but dead men before my lord the king : yet didst thou set thy servant among them that did eat at thine own table . What right therefore have I yet to cry any more unto the king ?
29. 왕이 저에게 이르되 네가 어찌하여 또 네 일을 말하느냐 내가 이르노니 너는 시바와 밭을 나누라
And the king said unto him, Why speakest thou any more of thy matters ? I have said , Thou and Ziba divide the land .
30. 므비보셋이 왕께 고하되 내 주 왕께서 평안히 궁에 돌아오시게 되었으니 저로 그 전부를 차지하게 하옵소서 하니라
And Mephibosheth said unto the king , Yea, let him take all, forasmuch as my lord the king is come again in peace unto his own house .
31. 길르앗 사람 바르실래가 왕을 보내어 요단을 건네려고 로글림에서 내려와서 함께 요단에 이르니
And Barzillai the Gileadite came down from Rogelim , and went over Jordan with the king , to conduct him over Jordan .
32. 바르실래는 매우 늙어 나이 팔십 세라 저는 거부인고로 왕이 마하나임에 유할 때에 왕을 공궤하였더라
Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old : and he had provided the king of sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim ; for he was a very great man .
33. 왕이 바르실래에게 이르되 너는 나와 함께 건너가자 예루살렘에서 내가 너를 공궤하리라
And the king said unto Barzillai , Come thou over with me, and I will feed thee with me in Jerusalem .
34. 바르실래가 왕께 고하되 내 생명의 날이 얼마나 있삽관대 어찌 왕과 함께 예루살렘으로 올라가리이까
And Barzillai said unto the king , How long have I to live , that I should go up with the king unto Jerusalem ?
35. 내 나이 이제 팔십 세라 어떻게 좋고 흉한 것을 분간할 수 있사오며 음식의 맛을 알 수 있사오리이까 어떻게 다시 노래하는 남자나 여인의 소리를 알아 들을 수 있사오리이까 어찌하여 종이 내 주 왕께 오히려 누를 끼치리이까
I am this day fourscore years old : and can I discern between good and evil ? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink ? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women ? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king ?
36. 종은 왕을 모시고 요단을 건너려는 것뿐이어늘 왕께서 어찌하여 이같은 상으로 내게 갚으려 하시나이까
Thy servant will go a little way over Jordan with the king : and why should the king recompense it me with such a reward ?
37. 청컨대 종을 돌려 보내옵소서 내가 내 본성 부모의 묘 곁에서 죽으려 하나이다 그러나 왕의 종 김함이 여기 있사오니 청컨대 저로 내 주 왕과 함께 건너가게 하옵시고 왕의 처분대로 저에게 베푸소서
Let thy servant , I pray thee, turn back again , that I may die in mine own city , and be buried by the grave of my father and of my mother . But behold thy servant Chimham ; let him go over with my lord the king ; and do to him what shall seem good unto thee.
38. 왕이 대답하되 김함이 나와 함께 건너가리니 내가 너의 좋아하는 대로 저에게 베풀겠고 또 네가 내게 구하는 것은 다 너를 위하여 시행하리라 하니라
And the king answered , Chimham shall go over with me, and I will do to him that which shall seem good unto thee: and whatsoever thou shalt require of me, that will I do for thee.
39. 백성이 다 요단을 건너매 왕도 건너가서 바르실래의 입을 맞추고 위하여 복을 비니 저가 자기 곳으로 돌아가니라
And all the people went over Jordan . And when the king was come over , the king kissed Barzillai , and blessed him; and he returned unto his own place .
40. 왕이 길갈로 건너오고 김함도 함께 건너오니 온 유다 백성과 이스라엘 백성의 절반이나 왕을 호행하니라
Then the king went on to Gilgal , and Chimham went on with him: and all the people of Judah conducted the king , and also half the people of Israel .
41. 온 이스라엘 사람이 왕께 나아와서 고하되 우리 형제 유다 사람들이 어찌 왕을 도적하여 왕과 왕의 권속과 왕을 좇는 모든 사람을 인도하여 요단을 건네었나이까 하매
And, behold, all the men of Israel came to the king , and said unto the king , Why have our brethren the men of Judah stolen thee away , and have brought the king , and his household , and all David’s men with him, over Jordan ?
42. 유다 모든 사람이 이스라엘 사람에게 대답하되 왕은 우리의 지친인 까닭이라 너희가 어찌 이 일에 대하여 분내느냐 우리가 왕의 물건을 조금이라도 먹었느냐 왕께서 우리에게 선물 주신 것이 있느냐
And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel , Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore then be ye angry for this matter ? have we eaten at all of the king’s cost? or hath he given us any gift ?
43. 이스라엘 사람이 유다 사람에게 대답하여 이르되 우리는 왕에 대하여 십분을 가졌으니 다윗에게 대하여 너희보다 더욱 관계가 있거늘 너희가 어찌 우리를 멸시하여 우리 왕을 모셔 오는 일에 먼저 우리와 의논하지 아니하였느냐 하나 유다 사람의 말이 이스라엘 사람의 말보다 더 강경하였더라
And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah , and said , We have ten parts in the king , and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king ? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하19:1 JFB】삼하19:1-8. Joab Causes the King to Cease Mourning.
【삼하19:1 CWC】[BRINGING BACK THE KING]
1. An Over-Zealous Servant, 19:1-8.
Joab was to David what Bismarck was to King William. He had the same iron in his blood, but sometimes, like the latter, he overdid things. The kaiser was glad to be rid of Bismarck, and Joab's conduct towards David is preparing the way for his successor. Those were too strong words he used in verse 7, and show the power he assumed over the army.
2. A Backward People, vv. 9-15.
Judah, the king's tribe, should have taken the initiative for his return, and the priests should have stirred them to it. It is disappointing that it was otherwise and perhaps explains David's adroitness in choosing Amasa to supersede Joab, who persuades the people to act as one man.
We can hardly pass the event without speaking of its parallel in the case of
"Great David's Greater Son."
Why is His Church so silent about His coming back again? One would think He was not wanted back by the little that is said about it. And yet He has promised to come -- "This same Jesus" -- and to bring His reward with Him! Who can tell whether, if we spake one to another about it, we might not begin to act in such a manner as to hasten His coming? Will it be necessary for Him to cast away the present leaders of His Church and call to His aid some Amasa with the power to bow the hearts of His people toward Him as the heart of one man?
Why say ye not a word of bringing back the king?
Why speak ye not of Jesus and His reign?
Why tell ye of His kingdom and of its glories sing?
But nothing of His coming back again?
3. A Lenient Sovereign, vv. 16-40.
We wonder David should have been so forbearing to Shimei (vv. 16-23) when we consider the latter's conduct in the last lesson; and on the other hand we are surprised that Mephibosheth should not have had more cordial treatment (vv. 24-30). The meaning of verse 29 is not clear.
4. A Jealous Outbreak, 19:41-20:26.
The closing verses of chapter 19 exhibit the beginning of that tribal dissension which ultimately led to the dismemberment of the kingdom.
Nothing is known of Sheba (20:1, 2), but he was of much influence among the adherents of the former dynasty of Saul.
Amasa seems to have been unequal to rallying the army and Abishai is called into the service, to the further affront of Joab. But the last named joins in the battle and doubtless with the wicked intention he afterward executes (v. 10). His influence with the army is seen in that, even under these circumstances, the warriors rally around him and are led to victory (vv. 11-23). David is obliged to reinstate him, and the conclusion of the chapter shows the whole government reestablished in its wonted course.
5. A Wrong Avenged, 21:1-14.
Joshua had made a covenant with the Gibeonites (수9:3-27). But Saul, for political reasons, had violated its terms (v. 2) -- just under what circumstances there is no record. It was a case of national guilt and received at God's hands a national punishment (v. 1). Awful was the atonement rendered and yet it might have been more severe. Moreover, God permitted, and indeed directed it (vv. 3-9), and the Judge of all the earth shall do right (Gen. 18-25). Let the circumstance teach us to fear God and hate sin.
"Michal, the daughter of Saul" (v. 8) should be "Michal's sister," or else, the two sons were adopted and brought up by her though born of her sister.
6. An Epoch Reached, 21:15-22.
David is beginning to feel his years and, in this war, he might have lost his life but for the interference of a stronger hand (vv. 15-17). He must no more go out to battle. He, as king, is the "light," of Israel, and must not run into danger lest he be quenched.
Philistia was prolific in giants, but the Lord was with His people to overcome them (vv. 18-22).
【삼하19:1 MHCC】To continue to lament for so bad a son as Absalom, was very unwise, and very unworthy. Joab censures David, but not with proper respect and deference to his sovereign. A plain case may be fairly pleaded with those above us, and they may be reproved for what they do amiss, but it must not be with rudeness and insolence. Yet David took the reproof and the counsel, prudently and mildly. Timely giving way, usually prevents the ill effects of mistaken measures.
【삼하19:3 JFB】3. the people gat them by stealth … to the city—The rumor of the king's disconsolate condition spread a universal and unseasonable gloom. His troops, instead of being welcomed back (as a victorious army always was) with music and other demonstrations of public joy, slunk secretly and silently into the city, as if ashamed after the commission of some crime.
【삼하19:4 JFB】4. the king covered his face—one of the usual signs of mourning (see on 삼하15:30).
【삼하19:5 JFB】5. Thou hast shamed … the faces of all thy servants—by withdrawing thyself to indulge in grief, as if their services were disagreeable and their devotion irksome to thee. Instead of hailing their return with joy and gratitude, thou hast refused them the small gratification of seeing thee. Joab's remonstrance was right and necessary, but it was made with harshness. He was one of those persons who spoil their important services by the insolence of their manners, and who always awaken a feeling of obligation in those to whom they render any services. He spoke to David in a tone of hauteur that ill became a subject to show towards his king.
【삼하19:7 JFB】7. Now … arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants—The king felt the truth of Joab's reprimand; but the threat by which it was enforced, grounded as it was on the general's unbounded popularity with the army, showed him to be a dangerous person; and that circumstance, together with the violation of an express order to deal gently for his sake with Absalom, produced in David's mind a settled hatred, which was strongly manifested in his last directions to Solomon.
【삼하19:8 JFB】8. the king arose, and sat in the gate—He appeared daily in the usual place for the hearing of causes.
all the people came before the king—that is, the loyal natives who had been faithful to his government, and fought in his cause.
Israel had fled—that is, the adherents of Absalom, who, on his defeat, had dispersed and saved themselves by flight.
【삼하19:9 JFB】삼하19:9-43. The Israelites Bring the King Back.
9-11. all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel—The kingdom was completely disorganized. The sentiments of three different parties are represented in 삼하19:9, 10: the royalists, the adherents of Absalom who had been very numerous, and those who were indifferent to the Davidic dynasty. In these circumstances the king was right in not hastening back, as a conqueror, to reascend his throne. A re-election was, in some measure, necessary. He remained for some time on the other side of Jordan, in expectation of being invited back. That invitation was given without, however, the concurrence of Judah. David, disappointed and vexed by his own tribe's apparent lukewarmness, despatched the two high priests to rouse the Judahites to take a prominent interest in his cause. It was the act of a skilful politician. Hebron having been the seat of the rebellion, it was graceful on his part to encourage their return to allegiance and duty; it was an appeal to their honor not to be the last of the tribes. But this separate message, and the preference given to them, occasioned an outburst of jealousy among the other tribes that was nearly followed by fatal consequences [see 삼하19:40-43].
【삼하19:9 MHCC】God's providence, by the priests' persuasions and Amasa's interest, brought the people to resolve the recall of the king. David stirred not till he received this invitation. Our Lord Jesus will rule in those that invite him to the throne in their hearts, and not till he is invited. He first bows the heart, and makes it willing in the day of his power, then rules in the midst of his enemies, 시110:2, 3.
【삼하19:13 JFB】13. And say ye to Amasa, &c.—This also was a dextrous stroke of policy. David was fully alive to the importance, for extinguishing the rebellion, of withdrawing from that cause the only leader who could keep it alive; and he, therefore, secretly intimated his intention to raise Amasa to the command of the army in the place of Joab, whose overbearing haughtiness had become intolerable. The king justly reckoned, that from natural temper as well as gratitude for the royal pardon, he would prove a more tractable servant; and David, doubtless, intended in all sincerity to fulfil this promise. But Joab managed to retain his high position (see on 삼하20:4-10).
【삼하19:14 JFB】14. he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah—that is, Amasa, who had been won over, used his great influence in re-attaching the whole tribe of Judah to the interest of David.
【삼하19:15 JFB】15. Judah came to Gilgal—the most convenient place where preparations could be made for bringing the king and court over the Jordan.
【삼하19:16 JFB】16-23. Shemei … a thousand men of Benjamin with him—This display of [Shemei's] followers was to show what force he could raise against or in support of the king. Expressing the deepest regret for his former outrageous conduct, he was pardoned on the spot; and although the son of Zeruiah urged the expediency of making this chief a public example, his officiousness was repulsed by David with magnanimity, and with the greater confidence that he felt himself now re-established in the kingdom (see on 왕상2:8).
【삼하19:16 MHCC】Those who now slight and abuse the Son of David, would be glad to make their peace when he shall come in his glory; but it will be too late. Shimei lost no time. His abuse had been personal, and with the usual right feeling of good men, David could more easily forgive it.
【삼하19:17 JFB】17. Ziba, the servant of the house of Saul—He had deceived his master; and when ordered to make ready the ass for the lame prince to go and meet the king, he slipped away by himself to pay court first; so that Mephibosheth, being lame, had to remain in Jerusalem till the king's arrival.
【삼하19:18 JFB】18. ferry boat—probably rafts, which are still used on that part of the river.
【삼하19:20 JFB】20. I am come the first … of all the house of Joseph—that is, before all the rest of Israel (시77:15; 80:1; 81:5; Z전10:6).
【삼하19:24 JFB】24-30. Mephibosheth … came down to meet the king—The reception given to Mephibosheth was less creditable to David. The sincerity of that prince's grief for the misfortunes of the king cannot be doubted.
He had neither dressed his feet—not taken the bath,
nor trimmed his beard—The Hebrews cut off the hair on the upper lip (see on 레13:45), and cheeks, but carefully cherished it on the chin from ear to ear. Besides dyeing it black or red colors, which, however, is the exception, and not the rule in the East, there are various modes of trimming it: they train it into a massy, bushy form, swelling and round; or they terminate it like a pyramid, in a sharp point. Whatever the mode, it is always trimmed with the greatest care; and they usually carry a small comb for the purpose. The neglect of this attention to his beard was an undoubted proof of the depth of Mephibosheth's grief. The king seems to have received him upbraidingly, and not to have been altogether sure either of his guilt or innocence. It is impossible to commend the cavalier treatment, any more than to approve the partial award, of David in this case. If he were too hurried and distracted by the pressure of circumstances to inquire fully into the matter, he should have postponed his decision; for if by "dividing the land" (삼하19:29) he meant that the former arrangement should be continued by which Mephibosheth was acknowledged the proprietor, and Ziba the farmer, it was a hardship inflicted on the owner to fix him with a tenant who had so grossly slandered him. But if by "dividing the land," they were now to share alike, the injustice of the decision was greatly increased. In any view, the generous, disinterested spirit displayed by Mephibosheth was worthy a son of the noble-hearted Jonathan.
【삼하19:24 MHCC】David recalls the forfeiture of Mephibosheth's estate; and he expressed joy for the king's return. A good man contentedly bears his own losses, while he sees Israel in peace, and the Son of David exalted.
【삼하19:31 JFB】31-40. Barzillai the Gileadite—The rank, great age, and chivalrous devotion of this Gileadite chief wins our respect. His declining to go to court, his recommendation of his son, his convoy across the Jordan, and his parting scene with the king, are interesting incidents. What mark of royal favor was bestowed on Chimham has not been recorded; but it is probable that David gave a great part of his personal patrimony in Beth-lehem to Chimham and his heirs in perpetuity (렘41:17).
【삼하19:31 MHCC】Barzillai thought he had done himself honour in doing the king any service. Thus, when the saints shall be called to inherit the kingdom, they will be amazed at the recompence being so very far beyond the service, 마25:37. A good man would not go any where to be burdensome; or, will rather be so to his own house than to another's. It is good for all, but especially becomes old people, to think and speak much of dying. The grave is ready for me, let me go and get ready for it.
【삼하19:35 JFB】35. the voice of singing men and singing women—Bands of professional musicians form a prominent appendage to the courts of Oriental princes.
【삼하19:37 JFB】37. buried by the grave of my father and of my mother—This is an instance of the strong affection of people in the East towards the places of sepulture appropriated to their families.
【삼하19:40 JFB】40-43. the king went on to Gilgal, … and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the people of Israel—Whether from impatience to move on or from some other cause, David did not wait till all the tribes had arrived to conduct him on his return to the capital. The procession began as soon as Amasa had brought the Judahite escort, and the preference given to this tribe produced a bitter jealousy, which was nearly kindling a civil war fiercer than that which had just ended. A war of words ensued between the tribes—Israel resting their argument on their superior numbers; "they had ten parts in the king," whereas Judah had no more than one. Judah grounded their right to take the lead, on the ground of their nearer relationship to the king. This was a claim dangerous to the house of David; and it shows the seeds were already sown for that tribal dissension which, before long, led to the dismemberment of the kingdom.
【삼하19:40 MHCC】The men of Israel though themselves despised, and the fiercer words of the men of Judah produced very bad effects. Much evil might be avoided, if men would watch against pride, and remember that a soft answer turneth away wrath. Though we have right and reason on our side, if we speak it with fierceness, God is displeased.
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