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■ 사무엘하 18장
1. 이에 다윗이 그 함께한 백성을 계수하고 천부장과 백부장을 그 위에 세우고
And David numbered the people that were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them.
2. 그 백성을 내어 보낼새 삼분지 일은 요압의 수하에 삼분지 일은 스루야의 아들 요압의 동생 아비새의 수하에 붙이고 삼분지 일은 가드 사람 잇대의 수하에 붙이고 백성에게 이르되 나도 반드시 너희와 함께 나가리라
And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab , and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah , Joab’s brother , and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite . And the king said unto the people , I will surely go forth with you myself also.
3. 백성들이 가로되 왕은 나가지 마소서 우리가 도망할지라도 저희는 우리에게 주의하지 아니할 터이요 우리가 절반이나 죽을지라도 우리에게 주의하지 아니할 터이라 왕은 우리 만 명보다 중하시오니 왕은 성에 계시다가 우리를 도우심이 좋으니이다
But the people answered , Thou shalt not go forth : for if we flee away , they will not care for us; neither if half of us die , will they care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou succour us out of the city .
4. 왕이 저희에게 이르되 너희가 선히 여기는 대로 내가 행하리라 하고 문 곁에 서매 모든 백성이 백 명씩 천 명씩 대를 지어 나가는지라
And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do . And the king stood by the gate side , and all the people came out by hundreds and by thousands .
5. 왕이 요압과 아비새와 잇대에게 명하여 가로되 나를 위하여 소년 압살롬을 너그러이 대접하라 하니 왕이 압살롬을 위하여 모든 군장에게 명령할 때에 백성들이 다 들으니라
And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai , saying , Deal gently for my sake with the young man , even with Absalom . And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom .
6. 이에 백성이 이스라엘을 치러 들로 나가서 에브라임 수풀에서 싸우더니
So the people went out into the field against Israel : and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim ;
7. 거기서 이스라엘 무리가 다윗의 심복들에게 패하매 그 날 그곳에서 살륙이 커서 이만에 이르렀고
Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David , and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men.
8. 그 땅에서 사면으로 퍼져 싸웠으므로 그 날에 수풀에서 죽은 자가 칼에 죽은 자보다 많았더라
For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country : and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword devoured .
9. 압살롬이 다윗의 신복과 마주치니라 압살롬이 노새를 탔는데 그 노새가 큰 상수리나무 번성한 가지 아래로 지날 때에 압살롬의 머리털이 그 상수리나무에 걸리매 저가 공중에 달리고 그 탔던 노새는 그 아래로 빠져 나간지라
And Absalom met the servants of David . And Absalom rode upon a mule , and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak , and his head caught hold of the oak , and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth ; and the mule that was under him went away .
10. 한 사람이 보고 요압에게 고하여 가로되 내가 보니 압살롬이 상수리나무에 달렸더이다
And a certain man saw it, and told Joab , and said , Behold, I saw Absalom hanged in an oak .
11. 요압이 그 고한 사람에게 이르되 네가 보고 어찌하여 당장에 쳐서 땅에 떨어뜨리지 아니하였느뇨 내가 네게 은 열 개와 띠 하나를 주었으리라
And Joab said unto the man that told him, And, behold, thou sawest him, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground ? and I would have given thee ten shekels of silver , and a girdle .
12. 그 사람이 요압에게 대답하되 내가 내 손에 은 천 개를 받는다 할지라도 나는 왕의 아들에게 손을 대지 아니하겠나이다 우리가 들었거니와 왕이 당신과 아비새와 잇대에게 명하여 이르시기를 삼가 누구든지 소년 압살롬을 해하지 말라 하셨나이다
And the man said unto Joab , Though I should receive a thousand shekels of silver in mine hand , yet would I not put forth mine hand against the king’s son : for in our hearing the king charged thee and Abishai and Ittai , saying , Beware that none touch the young man Absalom .
13. 아무 일도 왕 앞에는 숨길 수 없나니 내가 만일 거역하여 그 생명을 해하였다면 당신도 나를 대적하였으리이다
Otherwise I should have wrought falsehood against mine own life : for there is no matter hid from the king , and thou thyself wouldest have set thyself against me.
14. 요압이 가로되 나는 너와 같이 지체할 수 없다 하고 손에 작은 창 셋을 가지고 가서 상수리나무 가운데서 아직 살아 있는 압살롬의 심장을 찌르니
Then said Joab , I may not tarry thus with thee . And he took three darts in his hand , and thrust them through the heart of Absalom , while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak .
15. 요압의 병기를 맡은 소년 열이 압살롬을 에워싸고 쳐 죽이니라
And ten young men that bare Joab’s armour compassed about and smote Absalom , and slew him.
16. 요압이 나팔을 불어 백성들로 그치게 하니 저희가 이스라엘을 따르지 아니하고 돌아오니라
And Joab blew the trumpet , and the people returned from pursuing after Israel : for Joab held back the people .
17. 무리가 압살롬을 옮겨다가 수풀 가운데 큰 구멍에 던지고 그 위에 심히 큰 돌무더기를 쌓으니라 온 이스라엘 무리가 각기 장막으로 도망하니라
And they took Absalom , and cast him into a great pit in the wood , and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent .
18. 압살롬이 살았을 때에 자기를 위하여 한 비석을 가져 세웠으니 이는 저가 자기 이름을 전할 아들이 없음을 한탄함이라 그러므로 자기 이름으로 그 비석을 이름하였으며 그 비석이 왕의 골짜기에 있고 이제까지 압살롬의 기념비라 일컫더라
Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a pillar , which is in the king’s dale : for he said , I have no son to keep my name in remembrance : and he called the pillar after his own name : and it is called unto this day , Absalom’s place .
19. 사독의 아들 아히마아스가 가로되 청컨대 나로 빨리 왕에게 가서 여호와께서 왕의 원수 갚아 주신 소식을 전하게 하소서
Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok , Let me now run , and bear the king tidings , how that the Lord hath avenged him of his enemies .
20. 요압이 저에게 이르되 너는 오늘 소식을 전하는 자가 되지 말고 다른 날에 전할 것이니라 왕의 아들이 죽었나니 네가 오늘날 소식을 전하지 못하리라 하고
And Joab said unto him, Thou shalt not bear tidings this day , but thou shalt bear tidings another day : but this day thou shalt bear no tidings , because the king’s son is dead .
21. 구스 사람에게 이르되 네가 가서 본 것을 왕께 고하라 하매 구스 사람이 요압에게 절하고 달음질하여 가니
Then said Joab to Cushi , Go tell the king what thou hast seen . And Cushi bowed himself unto Joab , and ran .
22. 사독의 아들 아히마아스가 다시 요압에게 이르되 청컨대 아무쪼록 나로 또한 구스 사람의 뒤를 따라 달음질하게 하소서 요압이 가로되 내 아들아 왜 달음질하려 하느냐 이 소식으로 인하여는 상을 받지 못하리라 하되
Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab , But howsoever , let me, I pray thee, also run after Cushi . And Joab said , Wherefore wilt thou run , my son , seeing that thou hast no tidings ready ?
23. 저가 아무쪼록 달음질하겠노라 하는지라 요압이 가로되 그리하라 하니 아히마아스가 들길로 달음질하여 구스 사람보다 앞서니라
But howsoever, said he, let me run . And he said unto him, Run . Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain , and overran Cushi .
24. 때에 다윗이 두 문 사이에 앉았더라 파수꾼이 성문루에 올라가서 눈을 들어 보니 어떤 사람이 홀로 달음질하는지라
And David sat between the two gates : and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate unto the wall , and lifted up his eyes , and looked , and behold a man running alone.
25. 파수꾼이 외쳐 왕께 고하매 왕이 가로되 저가 만일 혼자면 그 입에 소식이 있으리라 할 때에 저가 차차 가까이 오니라
And the watchman cried , and told the king . And the king said , If he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth . And he came apace , and drew near .
26. 파수꾼이 본즉 한 사람이 또 달음질하는지라 문지기에게 외쳐 이르되 보라 한 사람이 또 혼자 달음질한다 하니 왕이 가로되 저도 소식을 가져오느니라
And the watchman saw another man running : and the watchman called unto the porter , and said , Behold another man running alone. And the king said , He also bringeth tidings .
27. 파수꾼이 가로되 나 보기에는 앞선 사람의 달음질이 사독의 아들 아히마아스의 달음질과 같으니이다 왕이 가로되 저는 좋은 사람이니 좋은 소식을 가져 오느니라
And the watchman said , Me thinketh the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok . And the king said , He is a good man , and cometh with good tidings .
28. 아히마아스가 외쳐 왕께 말씀하되 평안하옵소서 하고 왕의 앞에서 얼굴을 땅에 대고 절하여 가로되 왕의 하나님 여호와를 찬양하리로소이다 그 손을 들어 내 주 왕을 대적하는 자들을 붙여 주셨나이다
And Ahimaaz called , and said unto the king , All is well . And he fell down to the earth upon his face before the king , and said , Blessed be the Lord thy God , which hath delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king .
29. 왕이 가로되 소년 압살롬이 잘 있느냐 아히마아스가 대답하되 요압이 왕의 종 나를 보낼 때에 크게 소동하는 것을 보았사오나 무슨 일인지 알지 못하였나이다
And the king said , Is the young man Absalom safe ? And Ahimaaz answered , When Joab sent the king’s servant , and me thy servant , I saw a great tumult , but I knew not what it was.
30. 왕이 가로되 물러나 곁에 서 있으라 하매 물러나서 섰더라
And the king said unto him, Turn aside , and stand here . And he turned aside , and stood still .
31. 구스 사람이 이르러 고하되 내 주 왕께 보할 소식이 있나이다 여호와께서 오늘날 왕을 대적하던 모든 원수를 갚으셨나이다
And, behold, Cushi came ; and Cushi said , Tidings , my lord the king : for the Lord hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee.
32. 왕이 구스 사람에게 묻되 소년 압살롬이 잘 있느냐 구스 사람이 대답하되 내 주 왕의 원수와 일어나서 왕을 대적하는 자들은 다 그 소년과 같이 되기를 원하나이다
And the king said unto Cushi , Is the young man Absalom safe ? And Cushi answered , The enemies of my lord the king , and all that rise against thee to do thee hurt , be as that young man is.
33. 왕의 마음이 심히 아파 문루로 올라가서 우니라 저가 올라갈 때에 말하기를 내 아들 압살롬아 내 아들 내 아들 압살롬아 내가 너를 대신하여 죽었더면, 압살롬 내 아들아 내 아들아 하였더라
And the king was much moved , and went up to the chamber over the gate , and wept : and as he went , thus he said , O my son Absalom , my son , my son Absalom ! would God I had died for thee , O Absalom , my son , my son !
■ 주석 보기
【삼하18:1 JFB】삼하18:1-4. David Reviewing the Armies.
1, 2. David numbered the people that were with him—The hardy mountaineers of Gilead came in great numbers at the call of their chieftains, so that, although without money to pay any troops, David soon found himself at the head of a considerable army. A pitched battle was now inevitable. But so much depending on the life of the king, he was not allowed to take the field in person; and he therefore divided his forces into three detachments under Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, the commander of the foreign guards.
【삼하18:1 CWC】["O, ABSALOM, MY SON, MY SON!"]
1. Lust, Murder and Deceit, c. 13.
In the preceding lesson judgments were foretold as coming on David, and we are entering on that part of his career when the prediction is fulfilled in earnest.
The foulness of this chapter we would not dwell upon more than we can help. Tamar of course, while sister to Absalom, was half-sister to Amnon, the two young men being sons of David by different wives.
"A garment of divers colours" (v. 18) might be rendered "a long garment with sleeves."
"Geshur," whither Absalom fled, was in the north near Syria and the country of his maternal ancestors (2 Sam, 3:3), for no refuge could have been given him in Israel (민35:21).
2. A Strategem Well Meant, c. 14.
Joab could not be charged with lack of love and loyalty to his king, as the story of this chapter shows. He knows the struggle in David's heart between his love for his son and his desire to respect the law in the case of murderers. Therefore he concocts the scheme of this woman by whose supposititous case the king is brought to see that there may be a higher justice in ignoring a lower one. As Absalom was the light of Israel in the sense that on the death of Amnon he was heir to the kingdom, David would be doing nothing more in pardoning him than he had agreed to do in the case of this widow's son (vv. 13-17). But David's action was wrong nevertheless. See 창9:6, 신18:18, etc.
Let not the beautiful words of verse 14 escape attention. How they suggest the love of God for us in Jesus Christ! He was the means devised that we might not be banished from His presence.
3. Love Ill-requited, c. 15.
Absalom had rather be free in Geshur than a prisoner in Jerusalem, and Joab is forced, after two years, to make an effort to bring him and his father together, which succeeds (14: 21-33).
But Absalom is as mean in spirit as he is noble in appearance. His father has reigned too long to suit him and, availing himself of certain causes of complaint, and using the arts of the demagog, he raises a formidable insurrection to put himself on the throne (vv. 1-12).
The word "forty" (v. 7) is thought to be an error, and some versions have "four." With the reference to Ahithophel (v. 12), compare Psalms 41 and 55, and for the further experience of David, see Psalm 3.
The foreigners named in verses 18-22 were doubtless special guards David kept about him since the days of his exile among the Philistines.
The rest of the chapter is a striking illustration of how David combined piety with statesmanlike leadership. He was still "behaving himself wisely" as in the days of his youth.
4. Kissing the Rod that Smites, cc. 16, 17.
Ziba was a liar seeking favor with the king he foresaw would return to power (16: 1-4), and Shimei a cowardly avenger of his supposed wrongs who imagines David's days are numbered. Nursing his wrath a long while, now at a safe distance he displays it (vv. 5-14). But David kisses the rod that smites him. He sees the hand of God in it all and worships His will (vv. 10-12). Happy the penitent in such a case who can exclaim with Elizabeth Prentiss:
"Let sorrow do its work,
Send grief and pain;
Sweet are Thy messengers.
Sweet their refrain,
When they can sing with me.
More love, O Christ, to Thee,
More love to Thee."
Ahithophel, highly esteemed as a counselor recommends, in verses 20-23, that which to Absalom would be like burning his bridges behind him and which would compel every man in Israel to determine whose side he was on. There could be no reconciliation between father and son after this indignity.
The contents of chapter 17 carry their explanation on their face. Ahithophel's counsel is wise to seize David's person before he can gather a formidable army (vv. 1-4), but the Lord defeats it through Hushai (vv. 5-14). (Compare 고전1:27, 28). Hushai doubts whether his counsel will be taken, which explains his efforts to get the news to David (vv. 15-22); but Ahithophel, finding that it is taken, commits suicide foreseeing David's victory and his retribution as the result (v. 23).
5. How Fathers Love, c. 18.
The praises of a mother's love are often sung, but this chapter teaches us that a father's can be just as passionate and unreasoning (v. 5}. Joab's act (vv. 14, 15) seems to have been justified by all the circumstances, for there could be no peace in Israel and Absalom alive. His death spared many lives. The manner of his burial, expressing loathing and abhorrence of him (v. 17), was different from what he had expected for himself (v. 18).
The heartrending cry of David (v. 33) seems to pierce all space from that day to this, and we hear it ringing in our ears even now.
【삼하18:1 MHCC】How does David render good for evil! Absalom would have only David smitten; David would have only Absalom spared. This seems to be a resemblance of man's wickedness towards God, and God's mercy to man, of which it is hard to say which is most amazing. Now the Israelites see what it is to take counsel against the Lord and his anointed.
【삼하18:5 JFB】삼하18:5-13. Gives Them Charge of Absalom.
5. Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom—This affecting charge, which the king gave to his generals, proceeded not only from his overwhelming affection for his children, but from his consciousness that this rebellion was the chastisement of his own crimes, Absalom being merely an instrument in the hand of retributive Providence;—and also from his piety, lest the unhappy prince should die with his sins unrepented of.
【삼하18:6 JFB】6. wood of Ephraim—This wood, of course, was on the east of Jordan. Its name was derived, according to some, from the slaughter of the Ephraimites by Jephthah—according to others, from the connection of blood with the trans-jordanic Manasseh.
【삼하18:7 JFB】7. the people of Israel were slain—This designation, together with the immense slaughter mentioned later, shows the large extent to which the people were enlisted in this unhappy civil contest.
【삼하18:8 JFB】8. the wood devoured more people than the sword—The thick forest of oaks and terebinths, by obstructing the flight, greatly aided the victors in the pursuit.
【삼하18:9 JFB】9. Absalom met the servants of David—or was overtaken. "It is necessary to be continually on one's guard against the branches of trees; and when the hair is worn in large locks floating down the back, as was the case with a young man of the party to which I belonged, any thick boughs interposing in the path might easily dislodge a rider from his seat, and catch hold of his flowing hair" [Hartley]. Some, however, think that the sacred historian points not so much to the hair, as to the head of Absalom, which, being caught while running between two branches, was enclosed so firmly that he could not disengage himself from the hold, nor make use of his hands.
the mule that was under him went away—The Orientals, not having saddles as we do, do not sit so firmly on the beasts they ride. Absalom quitting his hold of the bridle, apparently to release himself when caught in the oak, the mule escaped.
【삼하18:9 MHCC】Let young people look upon Absalom, hanging on a tree, accursed, forsaken of heaven and earth; there let them read the Lord's abhorrence of rebellion against parents. Nothing can preserve men from misery and contempt, but heavenly wisdom and the grace of God.
【삼하18:11 JFB】11, 12. Joab said unto the man that told him, … I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle—that is, would have raised him from the ranks to the status of a commissioned officer. Besides a sum of money, a girdle, curiously and richly wrought, was among the ancient Hebrews a mark of honor, and sometimes bestowed as a reward of military merit. This soldier, however, who may be taken as a fair sample of David's faithful subjects, had so great a respect for the king's wishes, that no prospect of reward would have tempted him to lay violent hands on Absalom. But Joab's stern sense of public duty, which satisfied him that there could be neither safety to the king, nor peace to the kingdom, nor security to him and other loyal subjects, so long as that turbulent prince lived, overcame his sensibilities, and looking upon the charge given to the generals as more befitting a parent than a prince, he ventured to disobey it.
【삼하18:14 JFB】삼하18:14-32. He Is Slain by Joab.
14. he took three darts … and thrust them through the heart of Absalom—The deed, partially done by Joab, was completed by his bodyguard. Being a violation of the expressed wish, as well as of all the fond paternal feelings of David, it must have been deeply offensive to the king, nor was it ever forgotten (왕상2:5); and yet there is the strongest reason for believing that Joab, in doing it, was actuated by a sincere regard to the interests of David, both as a man and a monarch.
【삼하18:16 JFB】16. Joab blew the trumpet, … and held back the people—Knowing that by the death of the usurper there was no occasion for further bloodshed, he put an end to the pursuit and thereby evinced the temperate policy of his conduct. However harsh and unfeeling to the king Joab may appear, there can be no doubt that he acted the part of a wise statesman in regarding the peace and welfare of the kingdom more than his master's private inclinations, which were opposed to strict justice as well as his own interests. Absalom deserved to die by the divine law (신21:18, 21), as well as being an enemy to his king and country; and no time was more fitting than when he met that death in open battle.
【삼하18:17 JFB】17. they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit … and laid a very great heap of stones upon him—The people of the East indicate their detestation of the memory of an infamous person by throwing stones at the place where he is buried. The heap is increased by the gradual accumulation of stones which passers-by add to it.
【삼하18:18 JFB】18. Absalom in his lifetime had reared up for himself a pillar—literally, "hand." In the valley of Jehoshaphat, on the east of Jerusalem, is a tomb or cenotaph, said to be this "pillar" or monument: it is twenty-four feet square, dome-topped, and reaches forty feet in height. This may occupy the spot, but cannot itself be the work of Absalom, as it evidently bears the style of a later architecture.
【삼하18:19 JFB】19. Then said Ahimaaz … Let me … run and bear the king tidings—The reasons why Joab declined to accept Ahimaaz' offer to bear intelligence of the victory to David, and afterwards let him go along with another, are variously stated by commentators—but they are of no importance. Yet the alacrity of the messengers, as well as the eager excitement of the expectants, is graphically described.
【삼하18:19 MHCC】By directing David to give God thanks for his victory, Ahimaaz prepared him for the news of his son's death. The more our hearts are fixed and enlarged, in thanksgiving to God for our mercies, the better disposed we shall be to bear with patience the afflictions mixed with them. Some think David's wish arose from concern about Absalom's everlasting state; but he rather seems to have spoken without due thought. He is to be blamed for showing so great fondness for a graceless son. Also for quarrelling with Divine justice. And for opposing the justice of the nation, which, as king, he had to administer, and which ought to be preferred before natural affection. The best men are not always in a good frame; we are apt to over-grieve for what we over-loved. But while we learn from this example to watch and pray against sinful indulgence, or neglect of our children, may we not, in David, perceive a shadow of the Saviour's love, who wept over, prayed for, and even suffered death for mankind, though vile rebels and enemies.
【삼하18:23 JFB】23. by the way of the plain—or ciccar, "circle." This word is only used elsewhere in connection with the valley of the Jordan. It is possible that there may have been a place or region so called on the tablelands of Gilead, as the Septuagint seems to indicate. Or Mahanaim may have been so situated, with the regard to the battlefield, as to be more easily accessible by a descent to the plain of the Jordan, than over the hills themselves. Or the word may signify (as Ewald explains) a manner of quick running [Stanley].
【삼하18:24 JFB】24-32. David sat between the two gates—that is, in the tower-house on the wall that overhung the gate of Mahanaim. Near it was a watchtower, on which a sentinel was posted, as in times of war, to notify every occurrence. The delicacy of Ahimaaz' communication was made up by the unmistakable plainness of Cushi's. The death of Absalom was a heavy trial, and it is impossible not to sympathize with the outburst of feeling by which David showed that all thoughts of the victory he had won as a king were completely sunk in the painful loss he had sustained as a father. The extraordinary ardor and strength of his affection for this worthless son break out in the redundancy and vehemence of his mournful ejaculations.
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