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■ 사무엘하 17장
1. 아히도벨이 또 압살롬에게 이르되 이제 나로 하여금 사람 일만 이천을 택하게 하소서 오늘 밤에 내가 일어나서 다윗의 뒤를 따라
Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom , Let me now choose out twelve thousand men , and I will arise and pursue after David this night :
2. 저가 곤하고 약할 때에 엄습하여 저를 무섭게 한즉 저와 함께 있는 모든 백성이 도망하리니 내가 다윗 왕만 쳐 죽이고
And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed , and will make him afraid : and all the people that are with him shall flee ; and I will smite the king only:
3. 모든 백성으로 왕께 돌아오게 하리니 무리의 돌아오기는 왕의 찾는 이 사람에게 달렸음이라 그리하면 모든 백성이 평안하리이다
And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned : so all the people shall be in peace .
4. 압살롬과 이스라엘 장로들이 다 그 말을 옳게 여기더라
And the saying pleased Absalom well , and all the elders of Israel .
5. 압살롬이 이르되 아렉 사람 후새도 부르라 우리가 저의 말도 듣자 하니라
Then said Absalom , Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith .
6. 후새가 압살롬에게 이르매 압살롬이 저에게 말하여 가로되 아히도벨이 여차여차히 말하니 우리가 그 말대로 행하랴 그렇지 않거든 너는 말하라
And when Hushai was come to Absalom , Absalom spake unto him, saying , Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner : shall we do after his saying ? if not; speak thou.
7. 후새가 압살롭에게 이르되 이 때에는 아히도벨의 베푼 모략이 선치 아니하니이다 하고
And Hushai said unto Absalom , The counsel that Ahithophel hath given is not good at this time .
8. 또 말하되 왕도 아시거니와 왕의 부친과 그 종자들은 용사라 저희는 들에 있는 곰이 새끼를 빼앗긴 것 같이 격분하였고 왕의 부친은 병법에 익은 사람인즉 백성과 함께 자지 아니하고
For, said Hushai , thou knowest thy father and his men , that they be mighty men , and they be chafed in their minds , as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field : and thy father is a man of war , and will not lodge with the people .
9. 이제 어느 굴에나 어느 곳에 숨어 있으리니 혹 무리 중에 몇이 먼저 엎드러지면 그 소문을 듣는 자가 말하기를 압살롬을 좇는 자 가운데서 패함을 당하였다 할지라
Behold, he is hid now in some pit , or in some other place : and it will come to pass, when some of them be overthrown at the first , that whosoever heareth it will say , There is a slaughter among the people that follow Absalom .
10. 비록 용감하여 사자 같은 자의 마음이라도 저상하리니 이는 이스라엘 무리가 왕의 부친은 영웅이요 그 종자들도 용사인 줄 앎이니이다
And he also that is valiant , whose heart is as the heart of a lion , shall utterly melt : for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man , and they which be with him are valiant men .
11. 나의 모략은 이러하니이다 온 이스라엘을 단부터 브엘세바까지 바닷가의 많은 모래 같이 왕께로 모으고 친히 전장에 나가시고
Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee, from Dan even to Beer–sheba , as the sand that is by the sea for multitude ; and that thou go to battle in thine own person .
12. 우리가 그 만날만한 곳에서 저를 엄습하기를 이슬이 땅에 내림 같이 저의 위에 덮여 저와 그 함께 있는 모든 사람을 하나도 남겨두지 아니할 것이요
So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found , and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground : and of him and of all the men that are with him there shall not be left so much as one .
13. 또 만일 저가 어느 성에 들었으면 온 이스라엘이 줄을 가져다가 그 성을 강으로 끌어들여서 그곳에 한 작은 돌도 보이지 않게 할 것이니이다 하매
Moreover, if he be gotten into a city , then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city , and we will draw it into the river , until there be not one small stone found there.
14. 압살롬과 온 이스라엘 사람들이 이르되 아렉 사람 후새의 모략은 아히도벨의 모략보다 낫다 하니 이는 여호와께서 압살롬에게 화를 내리려하사 아히도벨의 좋은 모략을 파하기로 작정하셨음이더라
And Absalom and all the men of Israel said , The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel . For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel , to the intent that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom .
15. 이에 후새가 사독과 아비아달 두 제사장에게 이르되 아히도벨이 압살롬과 이스라엘 장로들에게 여차여차히 모략을 베풀었고 나도 여차여차히 모략을 베풀었으니
Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests , Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel ; and thus and thus have I counselled .
16. 이제 너희는 빨리 사람을 보내어 다윗에게 고하기를 오늘 밤에 광야 나룻터에서 자지 마시고 아무쪼록 건너가소서 하라 혹시 왕과 그 좇는 자들이 몰사할까 하노라 하니라
Now therefore send quickly , and tell David , saying , Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness , but speedily pass over ; lest the king be swallowed up , and all the people that are with him.
17. 그 때에 요나단과 아히마아스가 사람이 볼까 두려워하여 감히 성에 들어가지 못하고 에느로겔 가에 머물고 어떤 계집종은 저희에게 나와서 고하고 저희는 가서 다윗에게 고하더니
Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En–rogel ; for they might not be seen to come into the city : and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David .
18. 한 소년이 저희를 보고 압살롬에게 고한지라 그 두 사람이 빨리 달려서 바후림 어떤 사람의 집으로 들어가서 그 뜰에 있는 우물속으로 내려가니
Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom : but they went both of them away quickly , and came to a man’s house in Bahurim , which had a well in his court ; whither they went down .
19. 그 집 여인이 덮을 것을 가져다가 우물 아구를 덮고 찧은 곡식을 그 위에 널매 도무지 알지 못할러라
And the woman took and spread a covering over the well’s mouth , and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known .
20. 압살롬의 종들이 그 집에 와서 여인에게 묻되 아히마하스와 요나단이 어디 있느냐 여인이 가로되 그들이 시내를 건너가더라 하니 저희가 찾아도 만나지 못하고 예루살렘으로 돌아가니라
And when Absalom’s servants came to the woman to the house , they said , Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan ? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water . And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem .
21. 저희가 간 후에 두 사람이 우물에서 올라와서 다윗 왕에게 이르러 고하여 가로되 당신들은 일어나 빨리 물을 건너가소서 아히도벨이 당신들을 해하려고 여차여차히 모략을 베풀었나이다
And it came to pass, after they were departed , that they came up out of the well , and went and told king David , and said unto David , Arise , and pass quickly over the water : for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.
22. 다윗이 일어나 모든 백성과 함께 요단을 건널새 새벽에 미쳐서 한 사람도 요단을 건너지 못한 자가 없었더라
Then David arose , and all the people that were with him, and they passed over Jordan : by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over Jordan .
23. 아히도벨이 자기 모략이 시행되지 못함을 보고 나귀에 안장을 지우고 떠나 고향으로 돌아가서 자기 집에 이르러 집을 정리하고 스스로 목매어 죽으매 그 아비 묘에 장사되니라
And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed , he saddled his ass , and arose , and gat him home to his house , to his city , and put his household in order , and hanged himself, and died , and was buried in the sepulchre of his father .
24. 이에 다윗은 마하나임에 이르고 압살롬은 모든 이스라엘 사람과 함께 요단을 건너니라
Then David came to Mahanaim . And Absalom passed over Jordan , he and all the men of Israel with him.
25. 압살롬이 아마사로 요압을 대신하여 군장을 삼으니라 아마사는 이스라엘 사람 이드라라 하는 자의 아들이라 이드라가 나하스의 딸 아비갈과 동침하여 저를 낳았으며 아비갈은 요압의 어미 스루야의 동생이더라
And Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab : which Amasa was a man’s son , whose name was Ithra an Israelite , that went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash , sister to Zeruiah Joab’s mother .
26. 이에 이스라엘 무리와 압살롬이 길르앗 땅에 진 치니라
So Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead .
27. 다윗이 마하나임에 이르렀을 때에 암몬 족속에게 속한 랍바 사람 나하스의 아들 소비와 로데발 사람 암미엘의 아들 마길과 로글림 길르앗 사람 바실래가
And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim , that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon , and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo–debar , and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim ,
28. 침상과 대야와 질그릇과 밀과 보리와 밀가루와 볶은 곡식과 콩과 팥과 볶은 녹두와
Brought beds , and basons , and earthen vessels , and wheat , and barley , and flour , and parched corn, and beans , and lentiles , and parched pulse,
29. 꿀과 뻐더와 양과 치스를 가져다가 다윗과 그 함께 한 백성으로 먹게 하였으니 이는 저희 생각에 백성이 들에서 시장하고 곤하고 목마르겠다 함이더라
And honey , and butter , and sheep , and cheese of kine , for David , and for the people that were with him, to eat : for they said , The people is hungry , and weary , and thirsty , in the wilderness .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하17:1 JFB】삼하17:1-14. Ahithophel's Counsel Overthrown by Hushai.
1-11. Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom—The recommendation to take prompt and decisive measures before the royalist forces could be collected and arranged, evinced the deep political sagacity of this councillor. The adoption of his advice would have extinguished the cause of David; and it affords a dreadful proof of the extremities to which the heartless prince was, to secure his ambitious objects, prepared to go, that the parricidal counsel "pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel." It was happily overruled, however, by the address of Hushai, who saw the imminent danger to which it would expose the king and the royal cause. He dwelt upon the warlike character and military experience of the old king—represented him and his adherents as mighty men, who would fight with desperation; and who, most probably, secure in some stronghold, would be beyond reach, while the smallest loss of Absalom's men at the outset might be fatal to the success of the conspiracy. But his dexterity was chiefly displayed in that part of his counsel which recommended a general levy throughout the country; and that Absalom should take command of it in person—thereby flattering at once the pride and ambition of the usurper. The bait was caught by the vainglorious and wicked prince.
【삼하17:1 CWC】["O, ABSALOM, MY SON, MY SON!"]
1. Lust, Murder and Deceit, c. 13.
In the preceding lesson judgments were foretold as coming on David, and we are entering on that part of his career when the prediction is fulfilled in earnest.
The foulness of this chapter we would not dwell upon more than we can help. Tamar of course, while sister to Absalom, was half-sister to Amnon, the two young men being sons of David by different wives.
"A garment of divers colours" (v. 18) might be rendered "a long garment with sleeves."
"Geshur," whither Absalom fled, was in the north near Syria and the country of his maternal ancestors (2 Sam, 3:3), for no refuge could have been given him in Israel (민35:21).
2. A Strategem Well Meant, c. 14.
Joab could not be charged with lack of love and loyalty to his king, as the story of this chapter shows. He knows the struggle in David's heart between his love for his son and his desire to respect the law in the case of murderers. Therefore he concocts the scheme of this woman by whose supposititous case the king is brought to see that there may be a higher justice in ignoring a lower one. As Absalom was the light of Israel in the sense that on the death of Amnon he was heir to the kingdom, David would be doing nothing more in pardoning him than he had agreed to do in the case of this widow's son (vv. 13-17). But David's action was wrong nevertheless. See 창9:6, 신18:18, etc.
Let not the beautiful words of verse 14 escape attention. How they suggest the love of God for us in Jesus Christ! He was the means devised that we might not be banished from His presence.
3. Love Ill-requited, c. 15.
Absalom had rather be free in Geshur than a prisoner in Jerusalem, and Joab is forced, after two years, to make an effort to bring him and his father together, which succeeds (14: 21-33).
But Absalom is as mean in spirit as he is noble in appearance. His father has reigned too long to suit him and, availing himself of certain causes of complaint, and using the arts of the demagog, he raises a formidable insurrection to put himself on the throne (vv. 1-12).
The word "forty" (v. 7) is thought to be an error, and some versions have "four." With the reference to Ahithophel (v. 12), compare Psalms 41 and 55, and for the further experience of David, see Psalm 3.
The foreigners named in verses 18-22 were doubtless special guards David kept about him since the days of his exile among the Philistines.
The rest of the chapter is a striking illustration of how David combined piety with statesmanlike leadership. He was still "behaving himself wisely" as in the days of his youth.
4. Kissing the Rod that Smites, cc. 16, 17.
Ziba was a liar seeking favor with the king he foresaw would return to power (16: 1-4), and Shimei a cowardly avenger of his supposed wrongs who imagines David's days are numbered. Nursing his wrath a long while, now at a safe distance he displays it (vv. 5-14). But David kisses the rod that smites him. He sees the hand of God in it all and worships His will (vv. 10-12). Happy the penitent in such a case who can exclaim with Elizabeth Prentiss:
"Let sorrow do its work,
Send grief and pain;
Sweet are Thy messengers.
Sweet their refrain,
When they can sing with me.
More love, O Christ, to Thee,
More love to Thee."
Ahithophel, highly esteemed as a counselor recommends, in verses 20-23, that which to Absalom would be like burning his bridges behind him and which would compel every man in Israel to determine whose side he was on. There could be no reconciliation between father and son after this indignity.
The contents of chapter 17 carry their explanation on their face. Ahithophel's counsel is wise to seize David's person before he can gather a formidable army (vv. 1-4), but the Lord defeats it through Hushai (vv. 5-14). (Compare 고전1:27, 28). Hushai doubts whether his counsel will be taken, which explains his efforts to get the news to David (vv. 15-22); but Ahithophel, finding that it is taken, commits suicide foreseeing David's victory and his retribution as the result (v. 23).
5. How Fathers Love, c. 18.
The praises of a mother's love are often sung, but this chapter teaches us that a father's can be just as passionate and unreasoning (v. 5}. Joab's act (vv. 14, 15) seems to have been justified by all the circumstances, for there could be no peace in Israel and Absalom alive. His death spared many lives. The manner of his burial, expressing loathing and abhorrence of him (v. 17), was different from what he had expected for himself (v. 18).
The heartrending cry of David (v. 33) seems to pierce all space from that day to this, and we hear it ringing in our ears even now.
【삼하17:1 MHCC】Here was a wonderful effect of Divine Providence blinding Absalom's mind and influencing his heart, that he could not rest in Ahithophel's counsel, and that he should desire Hushai's advice. But there is no contending with that God who can arm a man against himself, and destroy him by his own mistakes and passions. Ahithophel's former counsel was followed, for God intended to correct David; but his latter counsel was not followed, for God meant not to destroy him. He can overrule all counsels. Whatever wisdom or help any man employs or affords, the success is from God alone, who will not let his people perish.
【삼하17:12 JFB】12. we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground—No image could have symbolized the sudden onset of an enemy so graphically to an Oriental mind as the silent, irresistible, and rapid descent of this natural moisture on every field and blade of grass.
【삼하17:13 JFB】13. all Israel shall bring ropes to that city—In besieging a town, hooks or cranes were often thrown upon the walls or turrets, by which, with ropes attached to them, the besiegers, uniting all their force, pulled down the fortifications in a mass of ruins.
【삼하17:14 JFB】14. The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel—The reasons specified being extremely plausible, and expressed in the strong hyperbolical language suited to dazzle an Oriental imagination, the council declared in favor of Hushai's advice; and their resolution was the immediate cause of the discomfiture of the rebellion, although the council itself was only a link in the chain of causation held by the controlling hand of the Lord.
【삼하17:15 JFB】삼하17:15-22. Secret Intelligence Sent to David.
【삼하17:16 JFB】16. send quickly, and tell David—Apparently doubting that his advice would be followed, Hushai ordered secret intelligence to be conveyed to David of all that transpired, with an urgent recommendation to cross the Jordan without a moment's delay, lest Ahithophel's address and influence might produce a change on the prince's mind, and an immediate pursuit be determined on.
【삼하17:17 JFB】17. by En-rogel—the fuller's well in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, below the junction of the valley of Hinnom with that of Jehoshaphat.
【삼하17:18 JFB】18. and came to a man's house in Bahurim, which had a well in his court—The court was that of the house, and the well an empty cistern. All the houses of the better class are furnished with such reservoirs. Nothing could more easily happen than that one of these wells, in consequence of a deficiency of water, should become dry and it would then answer as a place of retreat, such as David's friends found in the man's house at Bahurim. The spreading of a covering over the well's mouth for the drying of corn is a common practice.
【삼하17:22 MHCC】Ahithophel hanged himself for vexation that his counsel was not followed. That will break a proud man's heart which will not break a humble man's sleep. He thought himself in danger, concluding, that, because his counsel was not followed, Absalom's cause would fail; and to prevent a possible public execution, he does justice upon himself. Thus the breath is stopped, and the head laid low, from which nothing could be expected but mischief. Absalom chased his father. But observe how God sometimes makes up to his people that comfort from strangers, which they are disappointed of in their own families. Our King needs not our help; but he assures us, that what we do for the least of his brethren, who are sick, poor, and destitute, shall be accepted and recompensed as if done to himself
【삼하17:23 JFB】삼하17:23-29. Ahithophel Hangs Himself.
23. when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed—His vanity was wounded, his pride mortified on finding that his ascendency was gone; but that chagrin was aggravated by other feelings—a painful conviction that through the delay which had been resolved on, the cause of Absalom was lost. Hastening home, therefore, he arranged his private affairs, and knowing that the storm of retributive vengeance would fall chiefly upon him as the instigator and prop of the rebellion, he hanged himself. It may be remarked that the Israelites did not, at that time, refuse the rites of sepulture even to those who died by their own hands. He had an imitator in Judas, who resembled him in his treason, as well as in his infamous end.
【삼하17:24 JFB】24. Then David came to Mahanaim—in the high eastern country of Gilead, the seat of Ish-bosheth's government.
Absalom passed over Jordan—It is not said how long an interval elapsed, but there must have been sufficient time to make the intended levy throughout the kingdom.
【삼하17:25 JFB】25. Amasa—By the genealogy it appears that this captain stood in the same relation to David as Joab, both being his nephews. Of course, Amasa was Absalom's cousin, and though himself an Israelite, his father was an Ishmaelite (대상2:17).
Nahash—is thought by some to be another name of Jesse, or according to others, the name of Jesse's wife.
【삼하17:27 JFB】27-29. when David was come to Mahanaim—The necessities of the king and his followers were hospitably ministered to by three chiefs, whose generous loyalty is recorded with honor in the sacred narrative.
Shobi—must have been a brother of Hanun. Disapproving, probably, of that young king's outrage upon the Israelite ambassadors, he had been made governor of Ammon by David on the conquest of that country.
Machir—(See 삼하9:4). Supposed by some to have been a brother of Bath-sheba, and
Barzillai—a wealthy old grandee, whose great age and infirmities made his loyal devotion to the distressed monarch peculiarly affecting. The supplies they brought, which (besides beds for the weary) consisted of the staple produce of their rich lands and pastures, may be classified as follows: eatables—wheat, barley, flour, beans, lentils, sheep, and cheese; drinkables—"honey and butter" or cream, which, being mixed together, form a thin, diluted beverage, light, cool, and refreshing. Being considered a luxurious refreshment (아4:11), the supply of it shows the high respect that was paid to David by his loyal and faithful subjects at Mahanaim.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.