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■ 사무엘하 15장
1. 이 후에 압살롬이 자기를 위하여 병거와 말들을 준비하고 전배 오십 명을 세우니라
And it came to pass after this , that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses , and fifty men to run before him.
2. 압살롬이 일찍이 일어나 성문길 곁에 서서 어떤 사람이든지 송사가 있어 왕에게 재판을 청하러 올 때에 그 사람을 불러서 이르되 너는 어느 성 사람이냐 그 사람의 대답이 종은 이스라엘 아무 지파에 속하였나이다 하면
And Absalom rose up early , and stood beside the way of the gate : and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment , then Absalom called unto him, and said , Of what city art thou? And he said , Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel .
3. 압살롬이 저에게 이르기를 네 일이 옳고 바르다마는 네 송사 들을 사람을 왕께서 세우지 아니하셨다 하고
And Absalom said unto him, See , thy matters are good and right ; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.
4. 또 이르기를 내가 이 땅에서 재판관이 되고 누구든지 송사나 재판할 일이 있어 내게로 오는 자에게 내가 공의 베풀기를 원하노라 하고
Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land , that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice !
5. 사람이 가까이 와서 절하려 하면 압살롬이 손을 펴서 그 사람을 붙들고 입을 맞추니
And it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance , he put forth his hand , and took him, and kissed him.
6. 무릇 이스라엘 무리 중에 왕께 재판을 청하러 오는 자들에게 압살롬의 행함이 이 같아서 이스라엘 사람의 마음을 도적하니라
And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment : so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel .
7. 사 년만에 압살롬이 왕께 고하되 내가 여호와께 서원한 것이 있사오니 청컨대 나로 헤브론에 가서 그 서원을 이루게 하소서
And it came to pass after forty years , that Absalom said unto the king , I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow , which I have vowed unto the Lord , in Hebron .
8. 종이 아람 그술에 있을 때에 서원하기를 만일 여호와께서 나를 예루살렘으로 돌아가게 하시면 내가 여호와를 섬기리이다 하였나이다
For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria , saying , If the Lord shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem , then I will serve the Lord .
9. 왕이 저에게 이르되 평안히 가라 하니 저가 일어나 헤브론으로 가니라
And the king said unto him, Go in peace . So he arose , and went to Hebron .
10. 이에 압살롬이 정탐을 이스라엘 모든 지파 가운데 두루 보내어 이르기를 너희는 나팔소리를 듣거든 곧 부르기를 압살롬이 헤브론에서 왕이 되었다 하라 하니라
But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel , saying , As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet , then ye shall say , Absalom reigneth in Hebron .
11. 그 때에 압살롬에게 청함을 받은 이백 명이 그 사기를 알지 못하고 아무 뜻 없이 예루살렘에서 저와 함께 갔으며
And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem , that were called ; and they went in their simplicity , and they knew not any thing .
12. 제사 드릴 때에 압살롬이 사람을 보내어 다윗의 모사 길로 사람 아히도벨을 그 성읍 길로에서 청하여 온지라 반역하는 일이 커가매 압살롬에게로 돌아오는 백성이 많아지니라
And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite , David’s counsellor , from his city , even from Giloh , while he offered sacrifices . And the conspiracy was strong ; for the people increased continually with Absalom .
13. 사자가 다윗에게 와서 고하되 이스라엘의 인심이 다 압살롬에게로 돌아갔나이다 한지라
And there came a messenger to David , saying , The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom .
14. 다윗이 예루살렘에 함께 있는 모든 신복에게 이르되 일어나 도망하자 그렇지 아니하면 우리 한 사람도 압살롬에게서 피하지 못하리라 빨리 가자 두렵건대 저가 우리를 급히 따라와서 해하고 칼로 성을 칠까 하노라
And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem , Arise , and let us flee ; for we shall not else escape from Absalom : make speed to depart , lest he overtake us suddenly , and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword .
15. 왕의 신복들이 왕께 고하되 우리 주 왕의 하고자 하시는 대로 우리가 행하리이다 하더라
And the king’s servants said unto the king , Behold, thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint .
16. 왕이 나갈 때에 권속을 다 따르게 하고 후궁 열 명을 남겨 두어 궁을 지키게 하니라
And the king went forth , and all his household after him. And the king left ten women , which were concubines , to keep the house .
17. 왕이 나가매 모든 백성이 다 따라서 벧메르학에 이르러 머무니
And the king went forth , and all the people after him, and tarried in a place that was far off .
18. 모든 신복이 그 곁으로 지나가고 모든 그렛 사람과 모든 블렛 사람과 및 왕을 따라 가드에서 온 육백 인이 왕의 앞으로 진행하니라
And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites , and all the Pelethites , and all the Gittites , six hundred men which came after him from Gath , passed on before the king .
19. 그 때에 왕이 가드 사람 잇대에게 이르되 어찌하여 너도 우리와 함께 가느냐 너는 쫓겨난 나그네니 돌아가서 왕과 함께 네 곳에 있으라
Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite , Wherefore goest thou also with us? return to thy place , and abide with the king : for thou art a stranger , and also an exile .
20. 너는 어제 왔고 나는 정처없이 가니 오늘날 어찌 너로 우리와 함께 유리하게 하리요 너도 돌아가고 네 동포들도 데려가라 은혜와 진리가 너와 함께 있기를 원하노라
Whereas thou camest but yesterday , should I this day make thee go up and down with us? seeing I go whither I may, return thou, and take back thy brethren : mercy and truth be with thee.
21. 잇대가 왕께 대답하여 가로되 여호와의 사심과 우리 주 왕의 사심으로 맹세하옵나니 진실로 내 주 왕께서 어느 곳에 계시든지 무론 사생하고 종도 그곳에 있겠나이다
And Ittai answered the king , and said , As the Lord liveth , and as my lord the king liveth , surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life , even there also will thy servant be.
22. 다윗이 잇대에게 이르되 앞서 건너가라 하매 가드 사람 잇대와 그 종자들과 그와 함께 한 아이들이 다 건너가고
And David said to Ittai , Go and pass over . And Ittai the Gittite passed over , and all his men , and all the little ones that were with him.
23. 온 땅 사람이 대성통곡하며 모든 인민이 앞서 건너가매 왕도 기드론 시내를 건너가니 건너간 모든 백성이 광야 길로 향하니라
And all the country wept with a loud voice , and all the people passed over : the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron , and all the people passed over , toward the way of the wilderness .
24. 사독과 그와 함께 한 모든 레위 사람이 하나님의 언약궤를 메어다가 내려놓고 아비아달도 올라와서 모든 백성이 성에서 나오기를 기다리더니
And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites were with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God : and they set down the ark of God ; and Abiathar went up , until all the people had done passing out of the city .
25. 왕이 사독에게 이르되 하나님의 궤를 성으로 도로 메어 가라 만일 내가 여호와 앞에서 은혜를 얻으면 도로 나를 인도하사 내게 그 궤와 그 계신 데를 보이시리라
And the king said unto Zadok , Carry back the ark of God into the city : if I shall find favour in the eyes of the Lord , he will bring me again , and shew me both it, and his habitation :
26. 그러나 저가 말씀하시기를 내가 너를 기뻐하지 아니한다 하시면 종이 여기 있사오니 선히 여기시는 대로 내게 행하시옵소서 하리라
But if he thus say , I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him.
27. 왕이 또 제사장 사독에게 이르되 네가 선견자가 아니냐 너는 너희의 두 아들 곧 네 아들 아히마아스와 아비아달의 아들 요나단을 데리고 평안히 성으로 돌아가라
The king said also unto Zadok the priest , Art not thou a seer ? return into the city in peace , and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son , and Jonathan the son of Abiathar .
28. 너희에게서 내게 고하는 기별이 올 때까지 내가 광야 나룻터에서 기다리리라
See , I will tarry in the plain of the wilderness , until there come word from you to certify me.
29. 사독과 아비아달이 하나님의 궤를 예루살렘으로 도로 메어다 놓고 거기 유하니라
Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem : and they tarried there.
30. 다윗이 감람산 길로 올라갈 때에 머리를 가리우고 맨발로 울며 행하고 저와 함께 가는 백성들도 각각 그 머리를 가리우고 울며 올라가니라
And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet , and wept as he went up , and had his head covered , and he went barefoot : and all the people that was with him covered every man his head , and they went up , weeping as they went up .
31. 혹이 다윗에게 고하되 압살롬과 함께 모반한 자들 가운데 아히도벨이 있나이다 하니 다윗이 가로되 여호와여 원컨대 아히도벨의 모략을 어리석게 하옵소서 하니라
And one told David , saying , Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom . And David said , O Lord , I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness .
32. 다윗이 하나님을 경배하는 마루턱에 이를 때에 아렉 사람 후새가 옷을 찢고 흙을 머리에 무릅쓰고 다윗을 맞으러 온지라
And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God , behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent , and earth upon his head :
33. 다윗이 저에게 이르되 네가 만일 나와 함께 나아가면 내게 누를 끼치리라
Unto whom David said , If thou passest on with me, then thou shalt be a burden unto me:
34. 그러나 네가 만일 성으로 돌아가서 압살롬에게 말하기를 왕이여 내가 왕의 종이니이다 이왕에는 왕의 부친의 종이었더니 내가 이제는 왕의 종이니이다 하면 네가 나를 위하여 아히도벨의 모략을 패하게 하리라
But if thou return to the city , and say unto Absalom , I will be thy servant , O king ; as I have been thy father’s servant hitherto , so will I now also be thy servant : then mayest thou for me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel .
35. 사독과 아비아달 두 제사장이 너와 함께 거기 있지 아니하냐 네가 궁중에서 무엇을 듣든지 사독과 아비아달 두 제사장에게 고하라
And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the priests ? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king’s house , thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests .
36. 저희의 두 아들 곧 사독의 아히마아스와 아비아달의 요나단이 저희와 함께 거기 있나니 무릇 너희 듣는 것을 저희 편으로 내게 기별할지니라
Behold, they have there with them their two sons , Ahimaaz Zadok’s son, and Jonathan Abiathar’s son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear .
37. 다윗의 친구 후새가 곧 성으로 들어가고 압살롬도 예루살렘으로 들어갔더라
So Hushai David’s friend came into the city , and Absalom came into Jerusalem .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하15:1 JFB】삼하15:1-9. Absalom Steals the Hearts of Israel.
1. Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him—This was assuming the state and equipage of a prince. The royal guards, called runners, avant couriers, amounted to fifty (왕상1:5). The chariot, as the Hebrew indicates, was of a magnificent style; and the horses, a novelty among the Hebrew people, only introduced in that age as an appendage of royalty (시32:9; 66:12), formed a splendid retinue, which would make him "the observed of all observers."
【삼하15:1 CWC】["O, ABSALOM, MY SON, MY SON!"]
1. Lust, Murder and Deceit, c. 13.
In the preceding lesson judgments were foretold as coming on David, and we are entering on that part of his career when the prediction is fulfilled in earnest.
The foulness of this chapter we would not dwell upon more than we can help. Tamar of course, while sister to Absalom, was half-sister to Amnon, the two young men being sons of David by different wives.
"A garment of divers colours" (v. 18) might be rendered "a long garment with sleeves."
"Geshur," whither Absalom fled, was in the north near Syria and the country of his maternal ancestors (2 Sam, 3:3), for no refuge could have been given him in Israel (민35:21).
2. A Strategem Well Meant, c. 14.
Joab could not be charged with lack of love and loyalty to his king, as the story of this chapter shows. He knows the struggle in David's heart between his love for his son and his desire to respect the law in the case of murderers. Therefore he concocts the scheme of this woman by whose supposititous case the king is brought to see that there may be a higher justice in ignoring a lower one. As Absalom was the light of Israel in the sense that on the death of Amnon he was heir to the kingdom, David would be doing nothing more in pardoning him than he had agreed to do in the case of this widow's son (vv. 13-17). But David's action was wrong nevertheless. See 창9:6, 신18:18, etc.
Let not the beautiful words of verse 14 escape attention. How they suggest the love of God for us in Jesus Christ! He was the means devised that we might not be banished from His presence.
3. Love Ill-requited, c. 15.
Absalom had rather be free in Geshur than a prisoner in Jerusalem, and Joab is forced, after two years, to make an effort to bring him and his father together, which succeeds (14: 21-33).
But Absalom is as mean in spirit as he is noble in appearance. His father has reigned too long to suit him and, availing himself of certain causes of complaint, and using the arts of the demagog, he raises a formidable insurrection to put himself on the throne (vv. 1-12).
The word "forty" (v. 7) is thought to be an error, and some versions have "four." With the reference to Ahithophel (v. 12), compare Psalms 41 and 55, and for the further experience of David, see Psalm 3.
The foreigners named in verses 18-22 were doubtless special guards David kept about him since the days of his exile among the Philistines.
The rest of the chapter is a striking illustration of how David combined piety with statesmanlike leadership. He was still "behaving himself wisely" as in the days of his youth.
4. Kissing the Rod that Smites, cc. 16, 17.
Ziba was a liar seeking favor with the king he foresaw would return to power (16: 1-4), and Shimei a cowardly avenger of his supposed wrongs who imagines David's days are numbered. Nursing his wrath a long while, now at a safe distance he displays it (vv. 5-14). But David kisses the rod that smites him. He sees the hand of God in it all and worships His will (vv. 10-12). Happy the penitent in such a case who can exclaim with Elizabeth Prentiss:
"Let sorrow do its work,
Send grief and pain;
Sweet are Thy messengers.
Sweet their refrain,
When they can sing with me.
More love, O Christ, to Thee,
More love to Thee."
Ahithophel, highly esteemed as a counselor recommends, in verses 20-23, that which to Absalom would be like burning his bridges behind him and which would compel every man in Israel to determine whose side he was on. There could be no reconciliation between father and son after this indignity.
The contents of chapter 17 carry their explanation on their face. Ahithophel's counsel is wise to seize David's person before he can gather a formidable army (vv. 1-4), but the Lord defeats it through Hushai (vv. 5-14). (Compare 고전1:27, 28). Hushai doubts whether his counsel will be taken, which explains his efforts to get the news to David (vv. 15-22); but Ahithophel, finding that it is taken, commits suicide foreseeing David's victory and his retribution as the result (v. 23).
5. How Fathers Love, c. 18.
The praises of a mother's love are often sung, but this chapter teaches us that a father's can be just as passionate and unreasoning (v. 5}. Joab's act (vv. 14, 15) seems to have been justified by all the circumstances, for there could be no peace in Israel and Absalom alive. His death spared many lives. The manner of his burial, expressing loathing and abhorrence of him (v. 17), was different from what he had expected for himself (v. 18).
The heartrending cry of David (v. 33) seems to pierce all space from that day to this, and we hear it ringing in our ears even now.
【삼하15:1 MHCC】David allows Absalom's pomp. Those parents know not what they do, who indulge a proud humour in their children: many young people are ruined by pride. And those commonly are most eager for authority who least understand its duties.
【삼하15:2 JFB】2-6. Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate—Public business in the East is always transacted early in the morning—the kings sitting an hour or more to hear causes or receive petitions, in a court held anciently, and in many places still, in the open air at the city gateway; so that, as those whose circumstances led them to wait on King David required to be in attendance on his morning levees, Absalom had to rise up early and stand beside the way of the gate. Through the growing infirmities of age, or the occupation of his government with foreign wars, many private causes had long lain undecided, and a deep feeling of discontent prevailed among the people. This dissatisfaction was artfully fomented by Absalom, who addressed himself to the various suitors; and after briefly hearing their tale, he gratified everyone with a favorable opinion of his case. Studiously concealing his ambitious designs, he expressed a wish to be invested with official power, only that he might accelerate the course of justice and advance the public interests. His professions had an air of extraordinary generosity and disinterestedness, which, together with his fawning arts in lavishing civilities on all, made him a popular favorite. Thus, by forcing a contrast between his own display of public spirit and the dilatory proceedings of the court, he created a growing disgust with his father's government, as weak, careless, or corrupt, and seduced the affections of the multitude, who neither penetrated the motive nor foresaw the tendency of his conduct.
【삼하15:7 JFB】7-9. after forty years—It is generally admitted that an error has here crept into the text, and that instead of "forty," we should read with the Syriac and Arabic versions, and Josephus, "four years"—that is, after Absalom's return to Jerusalem, and his beginning to practice the base arts of gaining popularity.
my vow, which I have vowed unto the Lord—during his exile in Geshur. The purport of it was, that whenever God's providence should pave the way for his re-establishment in Jerusalem, he would offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving. Hebron was the spot selected for the performance of this vow, ostensibly as being his native place (삼하3:3), and a famous high place, where sacrifices were frequently offered before the temple was built; but really as being in many respects the most suitable for the commencement of his rebellious enterprise. David, who always encouraged piety and desired to see religious engagements punctually performed, gave his consent and his blessing.
【삼하15:7 MHCC】See how willing tender parents are to believe the best concerning their children. But how easy and how wicked is it, for children to take advantage of good parents, and to deceive them with the show of religion! The principal men of Jerusalem joined Absalom's feast upon his sacrifice. Pious persons are glad to see others appear religious, and this gives occasion for deceptions. The policy of wicked men, and the subtlety of Satan, are exerted to draw good persons to countenance base designs.
【삼하15:10 JFB】삼하15:10-12. He Forms a Conspiracy.
10. Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel—These emissaries were to sound the inclination of the people, to further the interests of Absalom, and exhort all the adherents of his party to be in readiness to join his standard as soon as they should hear that he had been proclaimed king. As the summons was to be made by the sound of trumpets, it is probable that care had been taken to have trumpeters stationed on the heights, and at convenient stations—a mode of announcement that would soon spread the news over all the country of his inauguration to the throne.
【삼하15:11 JFB】11. with Absalom went two hundred men … that were called—From their quality, reputation, and high standing, such as would create the impression that the king patronized the movement and, being aged and infirm, was willing to adopt his oldest and noblest son to divide with him the cares and honors of government.
【삼하15:12 JFB】12. Absalom sent for Ahithophel—who he knew was ready to join the revolt, through disgust and revenge, as Jewish writers assert, at David's conduct towards Bath-sheba, who was his granddaughter.
Giloh—near Hebron.
the conspiracy was strong—The rapid accession of one place after another in all parts of the kingdom to the party of the insurgents, shows that deep and general dissatisfaction existed at this time against the person and government of David. The remnant of Saul's partisans, the unhappy affair of Bath-sheba, the overbearing insolence and crimes of Joab, negligence and obstruction in the administration of justice—these were some of the principal causes that contributed to the success of this widespread insurrection.
【삼하15:13 JFB】삼하15:13-37. David Flees from Jerusalem.
【삼하15:13 MHCC】David determined to quit Jerusalem. He took this resolve, as a penitent submitting to the rod. Before unrighteous Absalom he could justify himself, and stand out; but before the righteous God he must condemn himself, and yield to his judgments. Thus he accepts the punishment of his sin. And good men, when they themselves suffer, are anxious that others should not be led to suffer with them. He compelled none; those whose hearts were with Absalom, to Absalom let them go, and so shall their doom be. Thus Christ enlists none but willing followers. David cannot bear to think that Ittai, a stranger and an exile, a proselyte and a new convert, who ought to be encouraged and made easy, should meet with hard usage. But such value has Ittai for David's wisdom and goodness, that he will not leave him. He is a friend indeed, who loves at all times, and will adhere to us in adversity. Let us cleave to the Son of David, with full purpose of heart, and neither life nor death shall separate us from his love.
【삼하15:14 JFB】14. David said … Arise, and let us flee—David, anxious for the preservation of the city which he had beautified, and hopeful of a greater support throughout the country, wisely resolved on leaving Jerusalem.
【삼하15:18 JFB】18-20. all the Gittites, six hundred men—These were a body of foreign guards, natives of Gath, whom David, when in the country of the Philistines, had enlisted in his service, and kept around his person. Addressing their commander, Ittai, he made a searching trial of their fidelity in bidding them (삼하15:19) abide with the new king.
【삼하15:23 JFB】23. the brook Kidron—a winter torrent that flows through the valley between the city and the eastern side of the Mount of Olives.
【삼하15:24 JFB】24, 25. Zadok also, and all the Levites …, bearing the ark—Knowing the strong religious feelings of the aged king, they brought it to accompany him in his distress. But as he could not doubt that both the ark and their sacred office would exempt them from the attacks of the rebels, he sent them back with it—not only that they might not be exposed to the perils of uncertain wandering, for he seems to place more confidence in the symbol of the divine presence than in God Himself—but that, by remaining in Jerusalem, they might render him greater service by watching the enemy's movements.
【삼하15:24 MHCC】David is very careful for the safety of the ark. It is right to be more concerned for the church's prosperity than our own; to prefer the success of the gospel above our own wealth, credit, ease, and safety. Observe with what satisfaction and submission David speaks of the Divine disposal. It is our interest, as well as our duty, cheerfully to acquiesce in the will of God, whatever befalls us. Let us see God's hand in all events; and that we may not be afraid of what shall be, let us see all events in God's hand. David's sin was ever before him, 시51:3; but never so plain, nor ever appearing so black as now. He never wept thus when Saul hunted him, but a wounded conscience makes troubles lie heavy, 시38:4.
【삼하15:30 JFB】30. David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet—The same pathway over that mount has been followed ever since that memorable day.
had his head covered—with a mourning wrapper. The humility and resignation of David marked strongly his sanctified spirit, induced by contrition for his transgressions. He had fallen, but it was the fall of the upright; and he rose again, submitting himself meekly in the meantime to the will of God [Chalmers].
【삼하15:31 JFB】31. David said, Turn, O Lord, … the counsel of Ahithophel—this senator being the mainstay of the conspiracy.
【삼하15:31 MHCC】David prays not against Ahithophel's person, but against his counsel. He prayed this, in firm belief that God has all hearts in his hand, and tongues also. But we must second our prayers with endeavours, and David did so, else we tempt God. But we do not find wisdom and simplicity so united in any mere man, that we can perceive nothing which needs forgiveness. Yet, when the Son of David was treated with all possible treachery and cruelty, his wisdom, meekness, candour, and patience, were perfect. Him let us follow, cleave to, and serve, in life and in death.
【삼하15:32 JFB】32. when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped—looking towards Jerusalem, where were the ark and tabernacle.
Hushai the Archite—A native of Archi, on the frontiers of Benjamin and Ephraim (수16:2). Comparing the prayer against Ahithophel with the counsel to Hushai, we see how strongly a spirit of fervent piety was combined in his character with the devices of an active and far-seeing policy.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.