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■ 사무엘하 12장
1. 여호와께서 나단을 다윗에게 보내시니 와서 저에게 이르되 한 성에 두 사람이 있는데 하나는 부하고 하나는 가난하니
And the Lord sent Nathan unto David . And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city ; the one rich , and the other poor .
2. 그 부한 자는 양과 소가 심히 많으나
The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds :
3. 가난한 자는 아무 것도 없고 자기가 사서 기르는 작은 암양 새끼 하나뿐이라 그 암양 새끼는 저와 저의 자식과 함께 있어 자라며 저의 먹는 것을 먹으며 저의 잔에서 마시며 저의 품에 누우므로 저에게는 딸처럼 되었거늘
But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb , which he had bought and nourished up : and it grew up together with him, and with his children ; it did eat of his own meat , and drank of his own cup , and lay in his bosom , and was unto him as a daughter .
4. 어떤 행인이 그 부자에게 오매 부자가 자기의 양과 소를 아껴 자기에게 온 행인을 위하여 잡지 아니하고 가난한 사람의 양 새끼를 빼앗아다가 자기에게 온 사람을 위하여 잡았나이다
And there came a traveller unto the rich man , and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd , to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man’s lamb , and dressed it for the man that was come to him.
5. 다윗이 그 사람을 크게 노하여 나단에게 이르되 여호와의 사심을 가리켜 맹세하노니 이 일을 행한 사람은 마땅히 죽을 자라
And David’s anger was greatly kindled against the man ; and he said to Nathan , As the Lord liveth , the man that hath done this thing shall surely die :
6. 저가 불쌍히 여기지 않고 이 일을 행하였으니 그 양 새끼를 사 배나 갚아 주어야 하리라
And he shall restore the lamb fourfold , because he did this thing , and because he had no pity .
7. 나단이 다윗에게 이르되 당신이 그 사람이라 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와께서 이처럼 이르시기를 내가 너로 이스라엘 왕을 삼기 위하여 네게 기름을 붓고 너를 사울의 손에서 구원하고
And Nathan said to David , Thou art the man . Thus saith the Lord God of Israel , I anointed thee king over Israel , and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul ;
8. 네 주인의 집을 네게 주고 네 주인의 처들을 네 품에 두고 이스라엘과 유다 족속을 네게 맡겼느니라 만일 그것이 부족하였을 것 같으면 내가 네게 이것 저것을 더 주었으리라
And I gave thee thy master’s house , and thy master’s wives into thy bosom , and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah ; and if that had been too little , I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things .
9. 그러한데 어찌하여 네가 여호와의 말씀을 업신여기고 나 보기에 악을 행하였느뇨 네가 칼로 헷 사람 우리아를 죽이되 암몬 자손의 칼로 죽이고 그 처를 빼앗아 네 처를 삼았도다
Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the Lord , to do evil in his sight ? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword , and hast taken his wife to be thy wife , and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon .
10. 이제 네가 나를 업신여기고 헷 사람 우리아의 처를 빼앗아 네 처를 삼았은즉 칼이 네 집에 영영히 떠나지 아니하리라 하셨고
Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house ; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife .
11. 여호와께서 또 이처럼 이르시기를 내가 네 집에 재화를 일으키고 내가 네 처들을 가져 네 눈 앞에서 다른 사람에게 주리니 그 사람이 네 처들로 더불어 백주에 동침하리라
Thus saith the Lord , Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house , and I will take thy wives before thine eyes , and give them unto thy neighbour , and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun .
12. 너는 은밀히 행하였으나 나는 이스라엘 무리 앞 백주에 이 일을 행하리라 하셨나이다
For thou didst it secretly : but I will do this thing before all Israel , and before the sun .
13. 다윗이 나단에게 이르되 내가 여호와께 죄를 범하였노라 하매 나단이 다윗에게 대답하되 여호와께서도 당신의 죄를 사하셨나니 당신이 죽지 아니하려니와
And David said unto Nathan , I have sinned against the Lord . And Nathan said unto David , The Lord also hath put away thy sin ; thou shalt not die .
14. 이 일로 인하여 여호와의 원수로 크게 훼방할 거리를 얻게 하였으니 당신의 낳은 아이가 정녕 죽으리이다 하고
Howbeit , because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme , the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die .
15. 나단이 자기 집으로 돌아가니라 우리아의 처가 다윗에게 낳은 아이를 여호와께서 치시매 심히 앓는지라
And Nathan departed unto his house . And the Lord struck the child that Uriah’s wife bare unto David , and it was very sick .
16. 다윗이 그 아이를 위하여 하나님께 간구하되 금식하고 안에 들어가서 밤새도록 땅에 엎드렸으니
David therefore besought God for the child ; and David fasted , and went in , and lay all night upon the earth .
17. 그 집의 늙은 자들이 곁에 이르러 다윗을 일으키려 하되 왕이 듣지 아니하고 저희로 더불어 먹지도 아니하더라
And the elders of his house arose , and went to him, to raise him up from the earth : but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.
18. 이레만에 그 아이가 죽으니라 그러나 다윗의 신복들이 아이의 죽은 것을 왕에게 고하기를 두려워하니 이는 저희가 말하기를 아이가 살았을 때에 우리가 말하여도 왕이 그 말을 듣지 아니하셨나니 어떻게 그 아이의 죽은 것을 고할 수 있으랴 왕이 훼상하시리로다
And it came to pass on the seventh day , that the child died . And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead : for they said , Behold, while the child was yet alive , we spake unto him, and he would not hearken unto our voice : how will he then vex himself , if we tell him that the child is dead ?
19. 다윗이 그 신복들의 서로 수군거리는 것을 보고 그 아이가 죽은 줄을 깨닫고 그 신복들에게 묻되 아이가 죽었느냐 대답하되 죽었나이다
But when David saw that his servants whispered , David perceived that the child was dead : therefore David said unto his servants , Is the child dead ? And they said , He is dead .
20. 다윗이 땅에서 일어나 몸을 씻고 기름을 바르고 의복을 갈아 입고 여호와의 전에 들어가서 경배하고 궁으로 돌아와서 명하여 음식을 그 앞에 베풀게 하고 먹은지라
Then David arose from the earth , and washed , and anointed himself, and changed his apparel , and came into the house of the Lord , and worshipped : then he came to his own house ; and when he required , they set bread before him, and he did eat .
21. 신복들이 왕께 묻되 아이가 살았을 때에는 위하여 금식하고 우시더니 죽은 후에는 일어나서 잡수시니 어찜이니이까
Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done ? thou didst fast and weep for the child , while it was alive ; but when the child was dead , thou didst rise and eat bread .
22. 가로되 아이가 살았을 때에 내가 금식하고 운 것은 혹시 여호와께서 나를 불쌍히 여기사 아이를 살려주실는지 누가 알까 생각함이어니와
And he said , While the child was yet alive , I fasted and wept : for I said , Who can tell whether God will be gracious to me, that the child may live ?
23. 시방은 죽었으니 어찌 금식하랴 내가 다시 돌아오게 할 수 있느냐 나는 저에게로 가려니와 저는 내게로 돌아오지 아니하리라
But now he is dead , wherefore should I fast ? can I bring him back again ? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.
24. 다윗이 그 처 밧세바를 위로하고 저에게 들어가 동침하였더니 저가 아들을 낳으매 그 이름을 솔로몬이라 하니라 여호와께서 그를 사랑하사
And David comforted Bath–sheba his wife , and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son , and he called his name Solomon : and the Lord loved him.
25. 선지자 나단을 보내사 그 이름을 여디디야라 하시니 이는 여호와께서 사랑하심을 인함이더라
And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet ; and he called his name Jedidiah , because of the Lord .
26. 요압이 암몬 자손의 왕성 랍바를 쳐서 취하게 되매
And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon , and took the royal city .
27. 사자를 다윗에게 보내어 가로되 내가 랍바 곧 물들의 성을 쳐서 취하게 되었으니
And Joab sent messengers to David , and said , I have fought against Rabbah , and have taken the city of waters .
28. 이제 왕은 남은 군사를 모아 진치고 이 성을 쳐서 취하소서 내가 이 성을 취하면 이 성이 내 이름으로 일컬음을 받을까 두려워하나이다
Now therefore gather the rest of the people together , and encamp against the city , and take it: lest I take the city , and it be called after my name .
29. 다윗이 모든 군사를 모아 랍바로 가서 쳐서 취하고
And David gathered all the people together , and went to Rabbah , and fought against it, and took it.
30. 그 왕의 머리에서 보석 있는 면류관을 취하니 그 중량이 한 금 달란트라 다윗이 머리에 쓰니라 다윗이 또 그 성에서 노략한 물건을 무수히 내어오고
And he took their king’s crown from off his head , the weight whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones : and it was set on David’s head . And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance .
31. 그 가운데 백성들을 끌어내어 톱질과 써레질과 도끼질과 벽돌구이를 하게 하니라 암몬 자손의 모든 성을 이같이 하고 다윗과 모든 백성이 예루살렘으로 돌아오니라
And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws , and under harrows of iron , and under axes of iron , and made them pass through the brickkiln : and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon . So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하12:1 JFB】삼하12:1-6. Nathan's Parable.
1. the Lord sent Nathan unto David—The use of parables is a favorite style of speaking among Oriental people, especially in the conveyance of unwelcome truth. This exquisitely pathetic parable was founded on a common custom of pastoral people who have pet lambs, which they bring up with their children, and which they address in terms of endearment. The atrocity of the real, however, far exceeded that of the fictitious offense.
【삼하12:1 CWC】[DAVID'S GREAT SIN]
1. God's Estimate of David's Sin, 12:1-14.
Why the incident in this lesson should be designated "David's great sin," when he committed so many which the popular mind might consider more serious, can only be answered by the divine estimate of it. Jehovah regarded nothing David had done as comparable in its iniquity with this. Nathan's address to David shows this, the chastisement that followed David through the rest of his life shows it, and David's own feelings revealed in Psalms 51, 32 and 103, which he is supposed to have written on his repentance for this sin, bear a similar testimony.
2. Uriah's Character, 11:6-17.
David's sin is scarcely more conspicuous in the picture than Uriah's self-restraint, patriotism and general nobility of character; and this, whether or not we regard him as having a suspicion of the king's motives in the premises and the reason for them.
3. Forgiveness Consistent with Chastisement, 12:10-14.
The king's indignation at the offender in the parable (12:1-6) is an illustration of a common fact that when men are most indulgent to their own sins they are most ready to condemn those of others. The judgment pronounced upon David shows it possible for a saint to be restored to God's favor, while at the same time the divine abhorrence of sin must be shown in bitter results in the present time. David lost four sons after this, and other evils came upon him. (Compare 고전5:1-5; 11:28-32).
4. David's Faith and Ours, 12:15-23.
David's remark in verse 23 may be taken as an intimation of the belief of a future life and the immortality of the soul; and yet David's faith could not have been as deep or broad as that vouchsafed to the believer in these days. When the child of a saint now passes hence, it is not for the latter to say that he shall not return to him for, according to 살전4:13-18, Jesus may return before the saint dies and bring the loved one with Him.
5. Explanatory Words, 12:26-31.
The concluding verses of chapter 12 require explanation. For example, as throwing light on Joab's words in verses 27 and 28, it would seem that Rabbah, which had been besieged for a long period, was divided into two parts, a lower and an upper town divided by a stream. The first had been taken by Joab, but the second, the more important of the two, must be taken by David in person if the latter were to get the honor for it. Nowadays kings gain victories by their generals, but in earlier times it could not be done by proxy. This was a great city, and should it fall to Joab's arms it would have been named in his honor to David's humiliation.
The torture (v. 31) is another illustration of the horrors of war in that day, and is justified by some as an act of retributive justice on a people infamous for their cruelties (삼상2:2; 암1:13), but there is a happier explanation. The word "under" used three times, is by others translated "to," as referring not to their being slain in this manner, but being subjected to this kind of slavery. And so when it says he "made them pass through the brickkiln," with a slight change it would read, he "made them labor at the brickkiln."
【삼하12:1 MHCC】God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.
【삼하12:5 JFB】5. the man that hath done this thing shall surely die—This punishment was more severe than the case deserved, or than was warranted by the divine statute (출22:1). The sympathies of the king had been deeply enlisted, his indignation aroused, but his conscience was still asleep; and at the time when he was most fatally indulgent to his own sins, he was most ready to condemn the delinquencies and errors of others.
【삼하12:7 JFB】삼하12:7-23. He Applies It to David, Who Confesses His Sin, and Is Pardoned.
7. Nathan said to David, Thou art the man—These awful words pierced his heart, aroused his conscience, and brought him to his knees. The sincerity and depth of his penitent sorrow are evinced by the Psalms he composed (시32:1-11; 51:1-19; 103:1-22). He was pardoned, so far as related to the restoration of the divine favor. But as from his high character for piety, and his eminent rank in society, his deplorable fall was calculated to do great injury to the cause of religion, it was necessary that God should testify His abhorrence of sin by leaving even His own servant to reap the bitter temporal fruits. David was not himself doomed, according to his own view of what justice demanded (삼하12:5); but he had to suffer a quadruple expiation in the successive deaths of four sons, besides a lengthened train of other evils.
【삼하12:8 JFB】8. I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives—The phraseology means nothing more than that God in His providence had given David, as king of Israel, everything that was Saul's. The history furnishes conclusive evidence that he never actually married any of the wives of Saul. But the harem of the preceding king belongs, according to Oriental notions, as a part of the regalia to his successor.
【삼하12:11 JFB】11. I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, &c.—The prophet speaks of God threatening to do what He only permitted to be done. The fact is, that David's loss of character by the discovery of his crimes, tended, in the natural course of things, to diminish the respect of his family, to weaken the authority of his government, and to encourage the prevalence of many disorders throughout his kingdom.
【삼하12:15 JFB】15-23. the Lord struck the child … and it was very sick—The first visible chastisement inflicted on David appeared on the person of that child which was the evidence and monument of his guilt. His domestics were surprised at his conduct, and in explanation of its singularity, it is necessary to remark that the custom in the East is to leave the nearest relative of a deceased person to the full and undisturbed indulgence of his grief, till on the third or fourth day at farthest (요11:17). Then the other relatives and friends visit him, invite him to eat, lead him to a bath, and bring him a change of dress, which is necessary from his having sat or lain on the ground. The surprise of David's servants, then, who had seen his bitter anguish while the child was sick, arose apparently from this, that when he found it was dead, he who had so deeply lamented arose of himself from the earth, without waiting for their coming to him, immediately bathed and anointed himself, instead of appearing as a mourner, and after worshiping God with solemnity, returned to his wonted repast, without any interposition of others.
【삼하12:15 MHCC】David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”
【삼하12:24 JFB】삼하12:24, 25. Solomon Is Born.
24, 25. Bath-sheba … bare a son, and he called his name Solomon—that is, "peaceable." But Nathan gave him the name of Jedediah, by command of God, or perhaps only as an expression of God's love. This love and the noble gifts with which he was endowed, considering the criminality of the marriage from which he sprang, is a remarkable instance of divine goodness and grace.
【삼하12:26 JFB】삼하12:26-31. Rabbah Is Taken.
26. Joab fought against Rabbah—The time during which this siege lasted, since the intercourse with Bath-sheba, and the birth of at least one child, if not two, occurred during the progress of it, probably extended over two years.
【삼하12:26 MHCC】To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.
【삼하12:27 JFB】27. the city of waters—Rabbah, like Aroer, was divided into two parts—one the lower town, insulated by the winding course of the Jabbok, which flowed almost round it, and the upper and stronger town, called the royal city. "The first was taken by Joab, but the honor of capturing so strongly a fortified place as the other was an honor reserved for the king himself."
【삼하12:28 JFB】28. encamp against the city, and take it—It has always been characteristic of Oriental despots to monopolize military honors; and as the ancient world knew nothing of the modern refinement of kings gaining victories by their generals, so Joab sent for David to command the final assault in person. A large force was levied for the purpose. David without much difficulty captured the royal city and obtained possession of its immense wealth.
lest I take the city, and it be called after my name—The circumstance of a city receiving a new name after some great person, as Alexandria, Constantinople, Hyderabad, is of frequent occurrence in the ancient and modern history of the East.
【삼하12:30 JFB】30. he took their king's crown from off his head—While the treasures of the city were given as plunder to his soldiers, David reserved to himself the crown, which was of rarest value. Its great weight makes it probable that it was like many ancient crowns, not worn, but suspended over the head, or fixed on a canopy on the top of the throne.
the precious stones—Hebrew, "stone"; was a round ball composed of pearls and other jewels, which was in the crown, and probably taken out of it to be inserted in David's own crown.
※ 일러두기
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