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■ 사무엘하 1장
1. 사울의 죽은 후라 다윗이 아말렉 사람을 도륙하고 돌아와서 시글락에서 이틀을 유하더니
Now it came to pass after the death of Saul , when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites , and David had abode two days in Ziklag ;
2. 제삼일에 한 사람이 사울의 진에서 나왔는데 그 옷은 찢어졌고 머리에는 흙이 있더라 저가 다윗에게 나아와 땅에 엎드려 절하매
It came even to pass on the third day , that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent , and earth upon his head : and so it was, when he came to David , that he fell to the earth , and did obeisance .
3. 다윗이 저에게 묻되 너는 어디서 왔느냐 대답하되 이스라엘 진에서 도망하여 왔나이다
And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped .
4. 다윗이 가로되 일이 어떻게 되었느뇨 너는 내게 고하라 저가 대답하되 군사가 전쟁 중에서 도망하기도 하였고 무리 중에 엎드러져 죽은 자도 많았고 사울과 그 아들 요나단도 죽었나이다
And David said unto him, How went the matter ? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered , That the people are fled from the battle , and many of the people also are fallen and dead ; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.
5. 다윗이 자기에게 고하는 소년에게 묻되 사울과 그 아들 요나단의 죽은 줄을 네가 어떻게 아느냐
And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead ?
6. 그에게 고하는 소년이 가로되 내가 우연히 길보아 산에 올라 보니 사울이 자기 창을 의지하였고 병거와 기병은 저를 촉급히 따르는데
And the young man that told him said , As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa , behold, Saul leaned upon his spear ; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him.
7. 사울이 뒤로 돌이켜 나를 보고 부르시기로 내가 대답하되 내가 여기 있나이다 한즉
And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered , Here am I.
8. 내게 이르되 너는 누구냐 하시기로 내가 대답하되 나는 아말렉 사람이니이다 한즉
And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite .
9. 또 내게 이르되 내 목숨이 아직 내게 완전히 있으므로 내가 고통에 들었나니 너는 내 곁에 서서 나를 죽이라 하시기로
He said unto me again, Stand , I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me.
10. 저가 엎드러진 후에는 살 수 없는 줄을 내가 알고 그 곁에 서서 죽이고 그 머리에 있는 면류관과 팔에 있는 고리를 벗겨서 내 주께로 가져왔나이다
So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen : and I took the crown that was upon his head , and the bracelet that was on his arm , and have brought them hither unto my lord .
11. 이에 다윗이 자기 옷을 잡아 찢으매 함께 있는 모든 사람도 그리하고
Then David took hold on his clothes , and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him:
12. 사울과 그 아들 요나단과 여호와의 백성과 이스라엘 족속이 칼에 죽음을 인하여 저녁때까지 슬퍼하여 울며 금식하니라
And they mourned , and wept , and fasted until even , for Saul , and for Jonathan his son , and for the people of the Lord , and for the house of Israel ; because they were fallen by the sword .
13. 다윗이 그 고한 소년에게 묻되 너는 어디 사람이냐 대답하되 나는 아말렉 사람 곧 외국인의 아들이니이다
And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered , I am the son of a stranger , an Amalekite .
14. 다윗이 저에게 이르되 네가 어찌하여 손을 들어 여호와의 기름 부음 받은 자 죽이기를 두려워하지 아니하였느냐 하고
And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed ?
15. 소년 중 하나를 불러 이르되 가까이 가서 저를 죽이라 하매 그가 치매 곧 죽으니라
And David called one of the young men , and said , Go near , and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died .
16. 다윗이 저에게 이르기를 네 피가 네 머리로 돌아갈지어다 네 입이 네게 대하여 증거하기를 내가 여호와의 기름 부음 받은 자를 죽였노라 함이니라 하였더라
And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head ; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying , I have slain the Lord’s anointed .
17. 다윗이 이 슬픈 노래로 사울과 그 아들 요나단을 조상하고
And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son :
18. 명하여 그것을 유다 족속에게 가르치라 하였으니 곧 활 노래라 야살의 책에 기록되었으되
(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow : behold, it is written in the book of Jasher .)
19. 이스라엘아 너의 영광이 산 위에서 죽임을 당하였도다 오호라 두 용사가 엎드러졌도다
The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places : how are the mighty fallen !
20. 이 일을 가드에도 고하지 말며 아스글론 거리에도 전파하지 말지어다 블레셋 사람의 딸들이 즐거워할까, 할례받지 못한 자의 딸들이 개가를 부를까 염려로다
Tell it not in Gath , publish it not in the streets of Askelon ; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice , lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph .
21. 길보아 산들아 너희 위에 우로가 내리지 아니하며 제물 낼 밭도 없을지어다 거기서 두 용사의 방패가 버린바 됨이라 곧 사울의 방패가 기름 부음을 받지 않음 같이 됨이로다
Ye mountains of Gilboa , let there be no dew , neither let there be rain , upon you, nor fields of offerings : for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away , the shield of Saul , as though he had not been anointed with oil .
22. 죽은 자의 피에서, 용사의 기름에서 요나단의 활이 물러가지 아니하였으며 사울의 칼이 헛되이 돌아오지 아니하였도다
From the blood of the slain , from the fat of the mighty , the bow of Jonathan turned not back , and the sword of Saul returned not empty .
23. 사울과 요나단이 생전에 사랑스럽고 아름다운 자러니 죽을 때에도 서로 떠나지 아니하였도다 저희는 독수리보다 빠르고 사자보다 강하였도다
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives , and in their death they were not divided : they were swifter than eagles , they were stronger than lions .
24. 이스라엘 딸들아 사울을 슬퍼하여 울지어다 저가 붉은 옷으로 너희에게 화려하게 입혔고 금 노리개를 너희 옷에 채웠도다
Ye daughters of Israel , weep over Saul , who clothed you in scarlet , with other delights , who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel .
25. 오호라 두 용사가 전쟁 중에 엎드러졌도다 요나단이 너의 산 위에서 죽임을 당하였도다
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle ! O Jonathan , thou wast slain in thine high places .
26. 내 형 요나단이여 내가 그대를 애통함은 그대는 내게 심히 아름다움이라 그대가 나를 사랑함이 기이하여 여인의 사랑보다 승하였도다
I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan : very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful , passing the love of women .
27. 오호라 두 용사가 엎드러졌으며 싸우는 병기가 망하였도다 하였더라
How are the mighty fallen , and the weapons of war perished !
■ 주석 보기
【삼하1:1 JFB】삼하1:1-16. An Amalekite Brings Tidings of Saul's Death.
1. David had abode two days in Ziklag—Though greatly reduced by the Amalekite incendiaries, that town was not so completely sacked and destroyed, but David and his six hundred followers, with their families, could still find some accommodation.
【삼하1:1 CWC】1. Lamenting the Dead, c. 1.
Surely the harshness and gentleness of David are strangely blended in this chapter. That one should so lament an enemy and slay the man who professed to murder him surpasses ordinary thought; but David was built on a large mould. Of course the Amalekite lied to David, for the inspired record of the death of Saul in the preceding book must be regarded as correct.
Observe the motive governing David: "Wast thou not afraid * * * * to destroy the LORD's anointed?" (v. 14). It is his zeal for God that moves him, and furnishes the key to his whole life, notwithstanding his defects and iniquities. This is the thing which distinguishes him from Saul, and gives him the right to the peculiar appellation attached to him.
The obscurity of verse 18 is perhaps explained thus: "The use of the bow," might be rendered "the song of the bow," and doubtless refers to the song which follows (vv. 19-27), and which David composed, after the manner of the times, on the death of Saul and Jonathan. "The book of Jasher," or "the book of the upright," is mentioned in Joshua (10: 3), and seems to have been a compilation of sacred poems not otherwise known to us.
2. War Between the Houses, cc. 2:1-3:6.
The leading facts of this section are: David's anointing as king over Judah, his own tribe (v. 4), including his tactful commendation of the men of Jabesh-Gilead (vv. 4-7). David was a diplomat as well as a warrior. Second, the succession of Ishbosheth to the throne left vacant by his father, Saul (vv. 8-10). Third, the earliest battle between the opposing forces, precipitated by the failure of the duel to settle the question between them (vv. 12-17). "Hel-Kath-hazzurim," means "the field of strong men" (see the margin), appropriately named from the deed of valor wrought that day. Fourth, the remarkable armistice (vv. 18-32). Evidently if Abner had not asked for a stay, Joab would have put it into execution the next day, and for the same reason (vv. 25-28). The great value of Asahel is graphically expressed in the words "nineteen men and Asahel" (v. 30). He was more than merely a twentieth. God needs such men in His service. Can He count on us?
3. David Comes Into His Own, cc. 3:6-5:5.
The circumstances leading up to David's ascendancy are as follows:
(a) Abner's indignity to the memory of Saul, and Ishbosheth's protest against it (3:7-11);
(b) The former's league in consequence with David (vv. 12-21);
(c) The murder of Ishbosheth (4:1-12);
(d) The anointing to the office of king (5:1-5).
The intervening verses (3:22-4:27) tell their own story of jealousy and murder. It was a dastardly act of Joab, and Abner seems to have been all through the better man, although Joab was valiant and loyal to his king. Note, however, the curse David puts upon him (3:28, 29), notwithstanding that he continued to use him as his chieftain. David was a noble soul, and his sincere lament for Abner won him the hearts of Israel (vv. 31-39).
【삼하1:1 MHCC】The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.
【삼하1:2 JFB】2-12. a man came out of the camp from Saul—As the narrative of Saul's death, given in the last chapter, is inspired, it must be considered the true account, and the Amalekite's story a fiction of his own, invented to ingratiate himself with David, the presumptive successor to the throne. David's question, "How went the matter?" evinces the deep interest he took in the war, an interest that sprang from feelings of high and generous patriotism, not from views of ambition. The Amalekite, however, judging him to be actuated by a selfish principle, fabricated a story improbable and inconsistent, which he thought would procure him a reward. Having probably witnessed the suicidal act of Saul, he thought of turning it to his own account, and suffered the penalty of his grievously mistaken calculation (compare 삼하1:9 with 삼상31:4, 5).
【삼하1:10 JFB】10. the crown—a small metallic cap or wreath, which encircled the temples, serving the purpose of a helmet, with a very small horn projecting in front, as the emblem of power.
the bracelet that was on his arm—the armlet worn above the elbow; an ancient mark of royal dignity. It is still worn by kings in some Eastern countries.
【삼하1:11 MHCC】David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.
【삼하1:13 JFB】13-15. David said unto the young man … Whence art thou?—The man had at the outset stated who he was. But the question was now formally and judicially put. The punishment inflicted on the Amalekite may seem too severe, but the respect paid to kings in the West must not be regarded as the standard for that which the East may think due to royal station. David's reverence for Saul, as the Lord's anointed, was in his mind a principle on which he had faithfully acted on several occasions of great temptation. In present circumstances it was especially important that his principle should be publicly known; and to free himself from the imputation of being in any way accessory to the execrable crime of regicide was the part of a righteous judge, no less than of a good politician.
【삼하1:17 JFB】삼하1:17-27. David Laments Saul and Jonathan.
17, 18. David lamented with this lamentation—It has always been customary for Eastern people, on the death of great kings and warriors, to celebrate their qualities and deeds in funeral songs. This inimitable pathetic elegy is supposed by many writers to have become a national war song, and to have been taught to the young Israelites under the name of "The Bow," in conformity with the practice of Hebrew and many classical writers in giving titles to their songs from the principal theme (시22:1; 56:1; 60:1; 80:1; 100:1). Although the words "the use of" are a supplement by our translators, they may be rightly introduced, for the natural sense of this parenthetical verse is, that David took immediate measures for instructing the people in the knowledge and practice of archery, their great inferiority to the enemy in this military arm having been the main cause of the late national disaster.
【삼하1:17 MHCC】Kasheth, or “the bow,” probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.
【삼하1:19 JFB】19. The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places—literally, "the gazelle" or "antelope of Israel." In Eastern countries, that animal is the chosen type of beauty and symmetrical elegance of form.
how are the mighty fallen!—This forms the chorus.
【삼하1:21 JFB】21. let there be no dew, neither let there be rain—To be deprived of the genial atmospheric influences which, in those anciently cultivated hills, seem to have reared plenty of first-fruits in the corn harvests, was specified as the greatest calamity the lacerated feelings of the poet could imagine. The curse seems still to lie upon them; for the mountains of Gilboa are naked and sterile.
the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away—To cast away the shield was counted a national disgrace. Yet, on that fatal battle of Gilboa, many of the Jewish soldiers, who had displayed unflinching valor in former battles, forgetful of their own reputation and their country's honor, threw away their shields and fled from the field. This dishonorable and cowardly conduct is alluded to with exquisitely touching pathos.
【삼하1:24 JFB】24-27. Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, &c.—The fondness for dress, which anciently distinguished Oriental women, is their characteristic still. It appears in their love of bright, gay, and divers colors, in profuse display of ornaments, and in various other forms. The inmost depths of the poet's feeling are stirred, and his amiable disposition appears in the strong desire to celebrate the good qualities of Saul, as well as Jonathan. But the praises of the latter form the burden of the poem, which begins and ends with that excellent prince.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.