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■ 사무엘상 8장
1. 사무엘이 늙으매 그 아들들로 이스라엘 사사를 삼으니
And it came to pass, when Samuel was old , that he made his sons judges over Israel .
2. 장자의 이름은 요엘이요 차자의 이름은 아비야라 그들이 브엘세바에서 사사가 되니라
Now the name of his firstborn was Joel ; and the name of his second , Abiah : they were judges in Beer–sheba .
3. 그 아들들이 그 아비의 행위를 따르지 아니하고 이를 따라서 뇌물을 취하고 판결을 굽게 하니라
And his sons walked not in his ways , but turned aside after lucre , and took bribes , and perverted judgment .
4. 이스라엘 모든 장로가 모여 라마에 있는 사무엘에게 나아가서
Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together , and came to Samuel unto Ramah ,
5. 그에게 이르되 보소서 당신은 늙고 당신의 아들들은 당신의 행위를 따르지 아니하니 열방과 같이 우리에게 왕을 세워 우리를 다스리게 하소서 한지라
And said unto him, Behold, thou art old , and thy sons walk not in thy ways : now make us a king to judge us like all the nations .
6. 우리에게 왕을 주어 우리를 다스리게 하라 한 그것을 사무엘이 기뻐하지 아니하여 여호와께 기도하매
But the thing displeased Samuel , when they said , Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the Lord .
7. 여호와께서 사무엘에게 이르시되 백성이 네게 한 말을 다 들으라 그들이 너를 버림이 아니요 나를 버려 자기들의 왕이 되지 못하게 함이니라
And the Lord said unto Samuel , Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them.
8. 내가 그들을 애굽에서 인도하여낸 날부터 오늘날까지 그들이 모든 행사로 나를 버리고 다른 신들을 섬김 같이 네게도 그리하는도다
According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day , wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods , so do they also unto thee.
9. 그러므로 그들의 말을 듣되 너는 그들에게 엄히 경계하고 그들을 다스릴 왕의 제도를 알게 하라
Now therefore hearken unto their voice : howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them.
10. 사무엘이 왕을 구하는 백성에게 여호와의 모든 말씀을 일러
And Samuel told all the words of the Lord unto the people that asked of him a king .
11. 가로되 너희를 다스릴 왕의 제도가 이러하니라 그가 너희 아들들을 취하여 그 병거와 말을 어거케 하리니 그들이 그 병거 앞에서 달릴 것이며
And he said , This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: He will take your sons , and appoint them for himself, for his chariots , and to be his horsemen ; and some shall run before his chariots .
12. 그가 또 너희 아들들로 천부장과 오십부장을 삼을 것이며 자기 밭을 갈게 하고 자기 추수를 하게 할 것이며 자기 병거와 병거의 제구를 만들게 할 것이며
And he will appoint him captains over thousands , and captains over fifties ; and will set them to ear his ground , and to reap his harvest , and to make his instruments of war , and instruments of his chariots .
13. 그가 또 너희 딸들을 취하여 향료 만드는 자와 요리하는 자와 뗘굽는 자를 삼을 것이며
And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries , and to be cooks , and to be bakers .
14. 그가 또 너희 밭과 포도원과 감람원의 제일 좋은 것을 취하여 자기 신하들에게 줄 것이며
And he will take your fields , and your vineyards , and your oliveyards , even the best of them, and give them to his servants .
15. 그가 또 너희 곡식과 포도원 소산의 십일조를 취하여 자기 관리와 신하에게 줄 것이며
And he will take the tenth of your seed , and of your vineyards , and give to his officers , and to his servants .
16. 그가 또 너희 노비와 가장 아름다운 소년과 나귀들을 취하여 자기 일을 시킬 것이며
And he will take your menservants , and your maidservants , and your goodliest young men , and your asses , and put them to his work .
17. 너희 양떼의 십분 일을 취하리니 너희가 그 종이 될 것이라
He will take the tenth of your sheep : and ye shall be his servants .
18. 그 날에 너희가 너희 택한 왕을 인하여 부르짖되 그 날에 어호와께서 너희에게 응답지 아니하시리라
And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the Lord will not hear you in that day .
19. 백성이 사무엘의 말 듣기를 거절하여 가로되 아니로소이다 우리도 우리 왕이 있어야 하리니
Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel ; and they said , Nay; but we will have a king over us;
20. 우리도 열방과 같이 되어 우리 왕이 우리를 다스리며 우리 앞에 나가서 우리의 싸움을 싸워야 할 것이니이다
That we also may be like all the nations ; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles .
21. 사무엘이 백성의 모든 말을 듣고 여호와께 고하매
And Samuel heard all the words of the people , and he rehearsed them in the ears of the Lord .
22. 여호와께서 사무엘에게 이르시되 그들의 말을 들어 왕을 세우라 하시니 사무엘이 이스라엘 사람들에게 이르되 너희는 각기 성읍으로 돌아가라 하니라
And the Lord said to Samuel , Hearken unto their voice , and make them a king . And Samuel said unto the men of Israel , Go ye every man unto his city .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상8:1 JFB】삼상8:1-18. Occasioned by the Ill- Government of Samuel's Sons, the Israelites Ask a King.
1-5. when Samuel was old—He was now about fifty-four years of age, having discharged the office of sole judge for twelve years. Unable, from growing infirmities, to prosecute his circuit journeys through the country, he at length confined his magisterial duties to Ramah and its neighborhood (삼상7:15), delegating to his sons as his deputies the administration of justice in the southern districts of Palestine, their provincial court being held at Beer-sheba. The young men, however, did not inherit the high qualities of their father. Having corrupted the fountains of justice for their own private aggrandizement, a deputation of the leading men in the country lodged a complaint against them in headquarters, accompanied with a formal demand for a change in the government. The limited and occasional authority of the judges, the disunion and jealousy of the tribes under the administration of those rulers, had been creating a desire for a united and permanent form of government; while the advanced age of Samuel, together with the risk of his death happening in the then unsettled state of the people, was the occasion of calling forth an expression of this desire now.
【삼상8:1 CWC】[PASSING OF THE JUDGESHIP]
1. A National Revival and Its Results, c. 7.
In our last we left the ark in care of the men of Kirjath-jearim, which means "the city of woods," and is located near Bethshemesh and northwest of Jerusalem. Why the ark was not brought to Shiloh is not stated, but only that it remained in the city before-named twenty years. It would appear from 2 Samuel 6, and 1 Chronicles 13, that it remained there longer, but that period had elapsed when the event of this chapter began.
That event was a revival. "Israel lamented after the Lord" (v. 2), because they were suffering the consequences of His averted face, which included the oppression of the Philistines.
Samuel tells them how to find relief (v. 3). "Ashtaroth" was a goddess of the Sidonians, whose worship was popular in other lands, and which the Greeks and Romans knew by the name "Astarte." The worship was licentiousness under the guise of religion. Baal and Ashtaroth are named together, and taken by some to represent the sun and the moon, and by others the male and female powers of reproduction. "Asherah" translated in the King James Version "grove," was really an idol-symbol of the goddess.
The people listened to Samuel and gathered to Mizpah (v. 6). This refers to a public meeting for the observance of religious ceremonies, one of which was fasting, and another the pouring out of water before the Lord as a token, of their need of purification of which it was an emblem. Samuel seems to have begun his duties as a judge or civil magistrate at this time, having only exercised the office of prophet and teacher theretofore.
The enemy is quick to discern danger, for a return of Israel to God means a return to power, and hence they spring upon them while unprepared (v. 7). But Samuel's intercession is effective (vv. 8-10), and Israel so follows up the advantage gained by the supernatural interposition that the Philistines never fully recover the blow all the days of Samuel's judgeship.
Observe in verse 16 that Samuel was a "circuit" judge. As later we read of "schools of the prophets" in the places named in that verse, some think that Samuel was the founder of them at this time.
2. The Demand for a King, c. 8.
This chapter presents no difficulties. Observe how history repeats itself in the case of Samuel and his sons as compared with his predecessor (vv. 1-5). Samuel's displeasure may have been in part personal, but chiefly because of the dishonor done to God and the injury that would be wrought by such a revolution to the people themselves (v. 6). God will grant them a king in His anger (vv. 7-9, compare 호13:10, 11), and tells them what kind of a ruler they will have (vv. 9-18).
3. Seeking for Asses and Finding a Kingdom, cc. 9:1-10:16.
The drama in this chapter and the next disposes itself into five scenes:
We have first the country lad seeking his father's asses (9:3-5). Like the cattle on our western plans they were allowed to roam at will during the grazing season and were brought home at its close.
Secondly, there is the meeting with the prophet (9:6-21). That he should have been consulted on so trifling a matter, and that it should have been thought proper to offer him so insignificant a present as "the fourth part of a shekel of silver," perhaps 15 cents of our money, seems strange to us; but probably we appreciate Samuel's greatness better than his contemporaries. Moreover oriental ideas are different from ours.
It was probably the peace-offering that was to be presented on this occasion, which under special circumstances seems to have been permissible at a distance from the sanctuary.
"Now the Lord had told Samuel in his ear a day before" (v. 15). How intimate this expression! In the 103d Psalm it is written that God "made known His ways unto Moses, His acts unto the children of Israel," and here He is honoring Samuel in the same way. His acts are what men see. His ways are the reason and foreknowledge of them, and to them that fear Him such secrets are still given (고전2:9-12).
Samuel's words to Saul in verse 20 are "a covered and indirect promise of the royal dignity that awaited him."
Thirdly, the introduction to the people (9:22-24). The things here recorded were intended to show honor to the young man, and in so far prepare the people to receive him as king. For example, his being received into the apartment assigned to the special guests, and given a high seat among them (v. 22); and his being offered the choicest portion of the feast (v. 24). The words "that which is left" should be rendered "that which is reserved."
Fourthly, the communion on the housetop (9:25-26). Oriental houses being low and flat-roofed, the roof offered the most desirable place for quiet conversation and rest in the cool of the day. Here the prophet instructed Saul in the way of the kingdom, pointing out to him, perhaps, the religious decline of the people, and the need of a leader obedient to God.
Fifthly, the anointing with oil (9:27-10:1), which was the ancient ceremony of investing with the royal office. This was followed by predictions of what should be met by Saul on the way home, which, as they came to pass, by testifying to Samuel's authority as a prophet, would confirm Saul's reliance upon what he had declared concerning himself.
【삼상8:1 MHCC】It does not appear that Samuel's sons were so profane and vicious as Eli's sons; but they were corrupt judges, they turned aside after lucre. Samuel took no bribes, but his sons did, and then they perverted judgment. What added to the grievance of the people was, that they were threatened by an invasion from Nahash, king of the Ammonites.
【삼상8:4 MHCC】Samuel was displeased; he could patiently bear what reflected on himself, and his own family; but it displeased him when they said, Give us a king to judge us, because that reflected upon God. It drove him to his knees. When any thing disturbs us, it is our interest, as well as our duty, to show our trouble before God. Samuel is to tell them that they shall have a king. Not that God was pleased with their request, but as sometimes he opposes us from loving-kindness, so at other times he gratifies us in wrath; he did so here. God knows how to bring glory to himself, and serves his own wise purposes, even by men's foolish counsels.
【삼상8:6 JFB】6-10. the thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to judge us—Personal and family feelings might affect his views of this public movement. But his dissatisfaction arose principally from the proposed change being revolutionary in its character. Though it would not entirely subvert their theocratic government, the appointment of a visible monarch would necessarily tend to throw out of view their unseen King and Head. God intimated, through Samuel, that their request would, in anger, be granted, while at the same time he apprised them of some of the evils that would result from their choice.
【삼상8:10 MHCC】If they would have a king to rule them, as the eastern kings ruled their subjects, they would find the yoke exceedingly heavy. Those that submit to the government of the world and the flesh, are told plainly, what hard masters they are, and what tyranny the dominion of sin is. The law of God and the manner of men widely differ from each other; the former should be our rule in the several relations of life; the latter should be the measure of our expectations from others. These would be their grievances, and, when they complained to God, he would not hear them. When we bring ourselves into distress by our own wrong desires and projects, we justly forfeit the comfort of prayer, and the benefit of Divine aid. The people were obstinate and urgent in their demand. Sudden resolves and hasty desires make work for long and leisurely repentance. Our wisdom is, to be thankful for the advantages, and patient under the disadvantages of the government we may live under; and to pray continually for our rulers, that they may govern us in the fear of God, and that we may live under them in all godliness and honesty. And it is a hopeful symptom when our desires of worldly objects can brook delay; and when we can refer the time and manner of their being granted to God's providence.
【삼상8:11 JFB】11. This will be the manner of the king—The following is a very just and graphic picture of the despotic governments which anciently and still are found in the East, and into conformity with which the Hebrew monarchy, notwithstanding the restrictions prescribed by the law, gradually slid.
He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself—Oriental sovereigns claim a right to the services of any of their subjects at pleasure.
some shall run before his chariots—The royal equipages were, generally throughout the East (as in Persia they still are), preceded and accompanied by a number of attendants who ran on foot.
【삼상8:12 JFB】12. he will appoint him captains—In the East, a person must accept any office to which he may be nominated by the king, however irksome it may be to his taste or ruinous to his interests.
【삼상8:13 JFB】13. he will take your daughters to be confectionaries—Cookery, baking, and the kindred works are, in Eastern countries, female employment, and thousands of young women are occupied with these offices in the palaces even of petty princes.
【삼상8:14 JFB】14-18. he will take your fields, &c.—The circumstances mentioned here might be illustrated by exact analogies in the conduct of many Oriental monarchs in the present day.
【삼상8:19 JFB】19-22. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel—They sneered at Samuel's description as a bugbear to frighten them. Determined, at all hazards, to gain their object, they insisted on being made like all the other nations, though it was their glory and happiness to be unlike other nations in having the Lord for their King and Lawgiver (민23:9; 신33:28). Their demand was conceded, for the government of a king had been provided for in the law; and they were dismissed to wait the appointment, which God had reserved to Himself (신17:14-20).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.