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■ 사무엘상 4장
1. 사무엘의 말이 온 이스라엘에 전파되니라 이스라엘은 나가서 블레셋 사람과 싸우려고 에벤에셀 곁에 진 치고 블레셋 사람은 아벡에 진 쳤더니
And the word of Samuel came to all Israel . Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle , and pitched beside Eben–ezer : and the Philistines pitched in Aphek .
2. 이스라엘을 대하여 항오를 벌이니라 그 둘이 싸우다가 이스라엘이 블레셋 사람 앞에서 패하여 그들에게 전쟁에서 죽임을 당한 군사가 사천 명 가량이라
And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel : and when they joined battle , Israel was smitten before the Philistines : and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men .
3. 백성이 진으로 돌아오매 이스라엘 장로들이 가로되 여호와께서 어찌하여 우리로 오늘 블레셋 사람 앞에 패하게 하셨는고 여호와의 언약궤를 실로에서 우리에게로 가져다가 우리 중에 있게 하여 그것으로 우리를 우리 원수들의 손에서 구원하게 하자 하니
And when the people were come into the camp , the elders of Israel said , Wherefore hath the Lord smitten us to day before the Philistines ? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies .
4. 이에 백성이 실로에 보내어 그룹 사이에 계신 만군의 여호와의 언약궤를 거기서 가져왔고 엘리의 두 아들 홉니와 비느하스는 하나님의 언약궤와 함께 거기 있었더라
So the people sent to Shiloh , that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts , which dwelleth between the cherubims : and the two sons of Eli , Hophni and Phinehas , were there with the ark of the covenant of God .
5. 여호와의 언약궤가 진에 들어 올 때에 온 이스라엘이 큰 소리로 외치매 땅이 울린지라
And when the ark of the covenant of the Lord came into the camp , all Israel shouted with a great shout , so that the earth rang again .
6. 블레셋 사람이 그 외치는 소리를 듣고 가로되 히브리 진에서 큰 소리로 외침은 어찜이뇨 하다가 여호와의 궤가 진에 들어온 줄을 깨달은지라
And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout , they said , What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews ? And they understood that the ark of the Lord was come into the camp .
7. 블레셋 사람이 두려워하여 가로되 신이 진에 이르렀도다 하고 또 가로되 우리에게 화로다 전일에는 이런 일이 없었도다
And the Philistines were afraid , for they said , God is come into the camp . And they said , Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore .
8. 우리에게 화로다 누가 우리를 이 능한 신들의 손에서 건지리요 그들은 광야에서 여러가지 재앙으로 애굽인을 친 신들이니라
Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods ? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness .
9. 너희 블레셋 사람들아 강하게 되며 대장부가 되어라 너희가 히브리 사람의 종이 되기를 그들이 너희의 종이 되었던 것 같이 말고 대장부 같이 되어 싸우라 하고
Be strong , and quit yourselves like men , O ye Philistines , that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews , as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men , and fight .
10. 블레셋 사람이 쳤더니 이스라엘이 패하여 각기 장막으로 도망하였고 살륙이 심히 커서 이스라엘 보병의 엎드러진 자가 삼만이었으며
And the Philistines fought , and Israel was smitten , and they fled every man into his tent : and there was a very great slaughter ; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen .
11. 하나님의 궤는 빼앗겼고 엘리의 두 아들 홉니와 비느하스는 죽임을 당하였더라
And the ark of God was taken ; and the two sons of Eli , Hophni and Phinehas , were slain .
12. 당일에 어떤 베냐민 사람이 진에서 달려나와 그 옷을 찢고 그 머리에 티끌을 무릅쓰고 실로에 이르니라
And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army , and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent , and with earth upon his head .
13. 그가 이를 때는 엘리가 길 곁 자기 의자에 앉아 기다리며 그 마음이 여호와의 궤로 인하여 떨릴 즈음이라 그 사람이 성에 들어 오며 고하매 온 성이 부르짖는지라
And when he came , lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching : for his heart trembled for the ark of God . And when the man came into the city , and told it, all the city cried out .
14. 엘리가 그 부르짖는 소리를 듣고 가로되 이 훤화하는 소리는 어찜이뇨 그 사람이 빨리 와서 엘리에게 고하니
And when Eli heard the noise of the crying , he said , What meaneth the noise of this tumult ? And the man came in hastily , and told Eli .
15. 때에 엘리의 나이 구십팔이라 그 눈이 어두워서 보지 못하더라
Now Eli was ninety and eight years old ; and his eyes were dim , that he could not see .
16. 그 사람이 엘리에게 고하되 나는 진 중에서 나온 자라 내가 오늘 진 중에서 도망하여 왔나이다 엘리가 가로되 내 아들아 일이 어찌 되었느냐
And the man said unto Eli , I am he that came out of the army , and I fled to day out of the army . And he said , What is there done , my son ?
17. 소식을 전하는 자가 대답하여 가로되 이스라엘이 블레셋 사람 앞에서 도망하였고 백성 중에는 큰 살륙이 있었고 당신의 두 아들 홉니와 비느하스도 죽임을 당하였고 하나님의 궤는 빼앗겼나이다
And the messenger answered and said , Israel is fled before the Philistines , and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people , and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas , are dead , and the ark of God is taken .
18. 하나님의 궤를 말할 때에 엘리가 자기 의자에서 자빠져 문 곁에서 목이 부러져 죽었으니 나이 많고 비둔한 연고라 그가 이스라엘 사사가 된지 사십 년이었더라
And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God , that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate , and his neck brake , and he died : for he was an old man , and heavy . And he had judged Israel forty years .
19. 그의 며느리 비느하스의 아내가 잉태하여 산기가 가까웠더니 하나님의 궤 빼앗긴 것과 그 시부와 남편의 죽은 소문을 듣고 갑자기 아파서 몸을 구푸려 해산하고
And his daughter in law , Phinehas’ wife , was with child , near to be delivered : and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken , and that her father in law and her husband were dead , she bowed herself and travailed ; for her pains came upon her.
20. 죽어갈 때에 곁에 섰던 여인들이 그에게 이르되 두려워 말라 네가 아들을 낳았다 하되 그가 대답지도 아니하며 관념치도 아니하고
And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son . But she answered not, neither did she regard it.
21. 이르기를 영광이 이스라엘에서 떠났다 하고 아이 이름을 이가봇이라 하였으니 하나님의 궤가 빼앗겼고 그 시부와 남편이 죽었음을 인함이며
And she named the child I–chabod , saying , The glory is departed from Israel : because the ark of God was taken , and because of her father in law and her husband .
22. 또 이르기를 하나님의 궤를 빼앗겼으므로 영광이 이스라엘에서 떠났다 하였더라
And she said , The glory is departed from Israel : for the ark of God is taken .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상4:1 JFB】삼상4:1-11. Israel Overcome by the Philistines.
1. the word of Samuel came to all Israel—The character of Samuel as a prophet was now fully established. The want of an "open vision" was supplied by him, for "none of his words were let fall to the ground" (삼상3:19); and to his residence in Shiloh all the people of Israel repaired to consult him as an oracle, who, as the medium of receiving the divine command, or by his gift of a prophet, could inform them what was the mind of God. It is not improbable that the rising influence of the young prophet had alarmed the jealous fears of the Philistines. They had kept the Israelites in some degree of subjection ever since the death of Samson and were determined, by further crushing, to prevent the possibility of their being trained by the counsels, and under the leadership, of Samuel, to reassert their national independence. At all events, the Philistines were the aggressors (삼상4:2). But, on the other hand, the Israelites were rash and inconsiderate in rushing to the field without obtaining the sanction of Samuel as to the war, or having consulted him as to the subsequent measures they took.
Israel went out against the Philistines to battle—that is, to resist this new incursion.
Eben-ezer … Aphek—Aphek, which means "strength," is a name applied to any fort or fastness. There were several Apheks in Palestine; but the mention of Eben-ezer determines this "Aphek" to be in the south, among the mountains of Judah, near the western entrance of the pass of Beth-horon, and consequently on the borders of the Philistine territory. The first encounter at Aphek being unsuccessful, the Israelites determined to renew the engagement in better circumstances.
【삼상4:1 CWC】[ELI'S DEATH AND THE LOSS OF THE ARK]
1. God Speaks to Samuel, c. 3.
"The word of the Lord was precious (or rare) in those days" (v. 1), is introductory to the record that it was now heard in the case of Samuel. It was Israel's sin that hid God's face from them and caused His voice to be silent so long, -- only twice heard during the period of the Judges (삿4:4; 6:8) -- but He was again to be gracious unto them in this respect, and a new epoch was to open in their history.
How God spake to Samuel we are not informed, but His voice in earlier times was heard in a literal sense, and there is no good reason to doubt that it was here. Of course, God is not a man with physical organs, but who shall say that He who made man's voice is not able Himself to be heard and understood by man?
It is touching that the "man" to whom God chose to reveal Himself was a boy, and yet by this time perhaps quite a lad. How interesting that He is willing to reveal Himself to such an instrument! How it should encourage the ambition of a boy.
The revelation God gives to Samuel concerning Eli is a repetition of that of the "man of God" of the preceding lesson (2:27). And the meekness with which the old priest takes it is an evidence that his personal character was good, notwithstanding his conduct as regards his sons.
2. A Crisis in Israel, c. 4.
Verse 3 furnishes another illustration of the low spiritual state of Israel at this time, and how little removed they were from their pagan neighbors. To trust in the ark of the covenant instead of the God it symbolized was scarcely different from the worship of the idols of the Philistines. It is significant that the elders and the priests were the leaders in this folly (v. 4). Their fathers had carried the ark at Jericho, but there was a reason for it then, and God had commended it, but how different now.
What judgment fell on Israel for this! And surely as we read the chapter to the end, we can understand the prophecy, "Thou shalt behold the affliction of my habitation."
But notice how the character of Samuel as a prophet is being established (3:19-21). How sad that he had not been consulted in the case of the ark. If he had been, what a different story might have been written for Israel!
3. The Ark Among the Philistines, cc. 5, 6.
This lesson will not be too long if we add the story of the ark among the Philistines, especially as there is little requiring explanation.
"Dagon" was a heathen god represented by a human bust joined to the belly and tail of a fish. The details of verses 3 and 4 of chapter 6 show the manner in which God was pleased to demonstrate His superiority over this heathen god, so-called. "Unto this day" (v. 5) means the date when the story was recorded, probably the later years of Samuel's life.
"Emerods" is vulgarly known as piles, which the Philistines regarded as a judgment upon them (vv. 6-12). Thank-offerings were made to heathen gods for recovery from illness in the form of metal images of the diseased parts of the body, (still true in some Roman Catholic countries and in India), which accounts for the advice of the priests and diviners (6:1-6). Note especially verse 6, and the witness it bears that written records or tradition had kept some knowledge of the true God before the minds of these nations contiguous to Israel in all these years.
The lowing of the cattle for their young, notwithstanding that they did not turn back to recover them, shows that God was controlling their steps in another direction (vv. 10-12).
The judgment that fell on the Bethshemites (v. 19), was calculated to impress Israel anew with the sacredness attaching to the worship of Jehovah, but there seems to be an error in the translation here. Bethshemesh was only a village, and it seems unlikely that 50,070 men could have been slain there; but there is no explanation of the difficulty of which we know.
【삼상4:1 MHCC】Israel is smitten before the Philistines. Sin, the accursed thing, was in the camp, and gave their enemies all the advantage they could wish for. They own the hand of God in their trouble; but, instead of submitting, they speak angrily, as not aware of any just provocation they had given him. The foolishness of man perverts his way, and then his heart frets against the Lord, 잠19:3, and finds fault with him. They supposed that they could oblige God to appear for them, by bringing the ark into their camp. Those who have gone back in the life of religion, sometimes discover great fondness for the outward observances of it, as if those would save them; and as if the ark, God's throne, in the camp, would bring them to heaven, though the world and the flesh are on the throne in the heart.
【삼상4:3 JFB】3-9. Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of Shiloh unto us—Strange that they were so blind to the real cause of the disaster and that they did not discern, in the great and general corruption of religion and morals (삼상2:22-25; 7:3; 시78:58), the reason why the presence and aid of God were not extended to them. Their first measure for restoring the national spirit and energy ought to have been a complete reformation—a universal return to purity of worship and morals. But, instead of cherishing a spirit of deep humiliation and sincere repentance, instead of resolving on the abolition of existing abuses, and the re-establishing of the pure faith, they adopted what appeared an easier and speedier course—they put their trust in ceremonial observances, and doubted not but that the introduction of the ark into the battlefield would ensure their victory. In recommending this extraordinary step, the elders might recollect the confidence it imparted to their ancestors (민10:35; 14:44), as well as what had been done at Jericho. But it is more probable that they were influenced by the heathenish ideas of their idolatrous neighbors, who carried their idol Dagon, or his sacred symbols, to their wars, believing that the power of their divinities was inseparably associated with, or residing in, their images. In short, the shout raised in the Hebrew camp, on the arrival of the ark, indicated very plainly the prevalence among the Israelites at this time of a belief in national deities—whose influence was local, and whose interest was especially exerted in behalf of the people who adored them. The joy of the Israelites was an emotion springing out of the same superstitious sentiments as the corresponding dismay of their enemies; and to afford them a convincing, though painful proof of their error, was the ulterior object of the discipline to which they were now subjected—a discipline by which God, while punishing them for their apostasy by allowing the capture of the ark, had another end in view—that of signally vindicating His supremacy over all the gods of the nations.
【삼상4:10 MHCC】The taking of the ark was a great judgment upon Israel, and a certain token of God's displeasure. Let none think to shelter themselves from the wrath of God, under the cloak of outward profession.
【삼상4:12 JFB】삼상4:12-22. Eli Hearing the Tidings.
【삼상4:12 MHCC】The defeat of the army was very grievous to Eli as a judge; the tidings of the death of his two sons, to whom he had been so indulgent, and who, as he had reason to fear, died impenitent, touched him as a father; yet there was a greater concern on his spirit. And when the messenger concluded his story with, “The ark of God is taken,” he is struck to the heart, and died immediately. A man may die miserably, yet not die eternally; may come to an untimely end, yet the end be peace.
【삼상4:13 JFB】13-18. Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside—The aged priest, as a public magistrate, used, in dispensing justice, to seat himself daily in a spacious recess at the entrance gate of the city. In his intense anxiety to learn the issue of the battle, he took up his usual place as the most convenient for meeting with passers-by. His seat was an official chair, similar to those of the ancient Egyptian judges, richly carved, superbly ornamented, high, and without a back. The calamities announced to Samuel as about to fall upon the family of Eli [삼상2:34] were now inflicted in the death of his two sons, and after his death, by that of his daughter-in-law, whose infant son received a name that perpetuated the fallen glory of the church and nation [삼상4:19-22]. The public disaster was completed by the capture of the ark. Poor Eli! He was a good man, in spite of his unhappy weaknesses. So strongly were his sensibilities enlisted on the side of religion, that the news of the capture of the ark proved to him a knell of death; and yet his overindulgence, or sad neglect of his family—the main cause of all the evils that led to its fall—has been recorded, as a beacon to warn all heads of Christian families against making shipwreck on the same rock.
【삼상4:19 MHCC】The wife of Phinehas seems to have been a person of piety. Her dying regret was for the loss of the ark, and the departure of the glory from Israel. What is any earthly joy to her that feels herself dying? No joy but that which is spiritual and divine, will stand in any stead then; death is too serious a thing to admit the relish of any earthly joy. What is it to one that is lamenting the loss of the ark? What pleasure can we take in our creature comforts and enjoyments, if we want God's word and ordinances; especially if we want the comfort of his gracious presence, and the light of his countenance? If God go, the glory goes, and all good goes. Woe unto us if he depart! But though the glory is withdrawn from one sinful nation, city, or village after another, yet it shall never depart altogether, but shines forth in one place when eclipsed in another.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.