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■ 사무엘상 30장
1. 다윗과 그의 사람들이 제삼일에 시글락에 이를 때에 아말렉 사람들이 이미 남방과 시글락을 침노하였는데 그들이 시글락을 쳐서 불사르고
And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day , that the Amalekites had invaded the south , and Ziklag , and smitten Ziklag , and burned it with fire ;
2. 거기 있는 대소 여인들을 하나도 죽이지 아니하고 다 사로잡아 끌고 자기 길을 갔더라
And had taken the women captives , that were therein: they slew not any , either great or small , but carried them away , and went on their way .
3. 다윗과 그의 사람들이 성에 이르러 본즉 성이 불탔고 자기들의 아내와 자녀들이 사로잡혔는지라
So David and his men came to the city , and, behold, it was burned with fire ; and their wives , and their sons , and their daughters , were taken captives .
4. 다윗과 그와 함께 한 백성이 울 기력이 없도록 소리를 높여 울었더라
Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept , until they had no more power to weep .
5. (다윗의 두 아내 이스르엘 여인 아히노암과 갈멜 사람 나발의 아내 되었던 아비가일도 사로잡혔더라)
And David’s two wives were taken captives , Ahinoam the Jezreelitess , and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite .
6. 백성이 각기 자녀들을 위하여 마음이 슬퍼서 다윗을 돌로 치자 하니 다윗이 크게 군급하였으나 그 하나님 여호와를 힘입고 용기를 얻었더라
And David was greatly distressed ; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved , every man for his sons and for his daughters : but David encouraged himself in the Lord his God .
7. 다윗이 아히멜렉의 아들 제사장 아비아달에게 이르되 청컨대 에봇을 내게로 가져오라 아비아달이 에봇을 다윗에게로 가져오매
And David said to Abiathar the priest , Ahimelech’s son , I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod . And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David .
8. 다윗이 여호와께 묻자와 가로되 내가 이 군대를 쫓아가면 미치겠나이까 여호와께서 대답하시되 쫓아가라 네가 반드시 미치고 정녕 도로 찾으리라
And David enquired at the Lord , saying , Shall I pursue after this troop ? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue : for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all.
9. 이에 다윗과 그와 함께 한 육백 명이 가서 브솔 시내에 이르러는 뒤 떨어진 자를 거기 머물렀으되
So David went , he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor , where those that were left behind stayed .
10. 곧 피곤하여 브솔 시내를 건너지 못하는 이백 인을 머물렀고 다윗은 사백 인을 거느리고 쫓아가니라
But David pursued , he and four hundred men : for two hundred abode behind , which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor .
11. 무리가 들에서 애굽 사람 하나를 만나 다윗에게로 데려다가 떡을 주어 먹게 하며 물을 마시우고
And they found an Egyptian in the field , and brought him to David , and gave him bread , and he did eat ; and they made him drink water ;
12. 무화과 뭉치에서 뗀 덩이 하나와 건포도 두 송이를 주었으니 그가 낮 사흘, 밤 사흘을 떡도 먹지 못하였고 물도 마시지 못하였음이라 그가 먹고 정신을 차리매
And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins : and when he had eaten , his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread , nor drunk any water , three days and three nights .
13. 다윗이 그에게 이르되 너는 뉘게 속하였으며 어디로서냐 가로되 나는 애굽 소년이요 아말렉 사람의 종이더니 사흘 전에 병이 들매 주인이 나를 버렸나이다
And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said , I am a young man of Egypt , servant to an Amalekite ; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick .
14. 우리가 그렛 사람의 남방과 유다에 속한 지방과 갈멜 남방을 침노하고 시글락을 불살랐나이다
We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites , and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah , and upon the south of Caleb ; and we burned Ziklag with fire .
15. 다윗이 그에게 이르되 네가 나를 그 군대에게로 인도하겠느냐 그가 가로되 당신이 나를 죽이지도 아니하고 내 주인의 수중에 붙이지도 아니하겠다고 하나님으로 맹세하소서 그리하면 내가 당신을 이 군대에게로 인도하리이다
And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company ? And he said , Swear unto me by God , that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master , and I will bring thee down to this company .
16. 그가 인도하여 내려가니 그들이 온 땅에 편만하여 블레셋 사람의 땅과 유다 땅에서 크게 탈취하였음을 인하여 먹고 마시며 춤추는지라
And when he had brought him down , behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth , eating and drinking , and dancing , because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines , and out of the land of Judah .
17. 다윗이 새벽부터 이튿날 저물때까지 그들을 치매 약대 타고 도망한 소년 사백 명 외에는 피한 사람이 없었더라
And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day : and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men , which rode upon camels , and fled .
18. 다윗이 아말렉 사람의 취하였던 모든 것을 도로 찾고 그 두 아내를 구원하였고
And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away : and David rescued his two wives .
19. 그들의 탈취하였던 것 곧 무리의 자녀들이나 빼앗겼던 것의 대소를 물론하고 아무 것도 잃은 것이 없이 다윗이 도로 찾아왔고
And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great , neither sons nor daughters , neither spoil , nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all.
20. 또 양떼와 소떼를 다 탈취하였더니 무리가 그 가축 앞에 몰고 가며 가로되 이는 다윗의 탈취한 것이라 하였더라
And David took all the flocks and the herds , which they drave before those other cattle , and said , This is David’s spoil .
21. 다윗이 이왕에 피곤하여 능히 자기를 따르지 못하므로 브솔 시내에 머물게 한 이백 인에게 오매 그들이 다윗과 그와 함께 한 백성을 영접하러 나온지라 다윗이 그 백성에게 이르러 문안하매
And David came to the two hundred men , which were so faint that they could not follow David , whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor : and they went forth to meet David , and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people , he saluted them.
22. 다윗과 함께 갔던 자 중에 악한 자와 비류들이 다 가로되 그들이 우리와 함께 가지 아니하였은즉 우리가 도로 찾은 물건은 무엇이든지 그들에게 주지 말고 각 사람의 처자만 주어서 데리고 떠나가게 하라 하는지라
Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial , of those that went with David , and said , Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered , save to every man his wife and his children , that they may lead them away , and depart .
23. 다윗이 가로되 나의 형제들아 여호와께서 우리를 보호하시고 우리를 치러 온 그 군대를 우리 손에 붙이셨은즉 그가 우리에게 주신 것을 너희가 이같이 못하리라
Then said David , Ye shall not do so , my brethren , with that which the Lord hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand .
24. 이 일에 누가 너희를 듣겠느냐 전장에 내려갔던 자의 분깃이나 소유물 곁에 머물렀던 자의 분깃이 일반일지니 같이 분배할 것이니라 하고
For who will hearken unto you in this matter ? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle , so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff : they shall part alike .
25. 그 날부터 다윗이 이것으로 이스라엘의 율례와 규례를 삼았더니 오늘까지 이르니라
And it was so from that day forward , that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day .
26. 다윗이 시글락에 이르러 탈취물을 그 친구 유다 장로들에게 보내어 가로되 보라 여호와의 원수에게서 탈취한 것을 너희에게 선사하노라 하고
And when David came to Ziklag , he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah , even to his friends , saying , Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the Lord ;
27. 벧엘에 있는 자와 남방 라못에 있는 자와 얏딜에 있는 자와
To them which were in Beth–el , and to them which were in south Ramoth , and to them which were in Jattir ,
28. 아로엘에 있는 자와 십못에 있는 자와 에스드모아에 있는 자와
And to them which were in Aroer , and to them which were in Siphmoth , and to them which were in Eshtemoa ,
29. 라갈에 있는 자와 여라므엘 사람의 성읍들에 있는 자와 겐 사람의 성읍들에 있는 자와
And to them which were in Rachal , and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites , and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites ,
30. 홀마에 있는 자와 고라산에 있는 자와 아닥에 있는 자와 헤브론에 있는 자에게와 다윗과 그의 사람들의 왕래하던 모든 곳에 보내었더라
And to them which were in Hormah , and to them which were in Chor–ashan , and to them which were in Athach ,
31. _
And to them which were in Hebron , and to all the places where David himself and his men were wont to haunt .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상30:1 JFB】삼상30:1-5. The Amalekites Spoil Ziklag.
1. Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag—While the strength of the Philistine forces was poured out of their country into the plain of Esdraelon, the Amalekite marauders seized the opportunity of the defenseless state of Philistia to invade the southern territory. Of course, David's town suffered from the ravages of these nomad plunderers, in revenge for his recent raid upon their territory.
【삼상30:1 CWC】[SAUL'S CAREER ENDED]
1. Calamity Foretold, c. 28.
This chapter is important and illustrates again the deceptive character of Saul. Having professedly put the necromancers out of Israel in obedience to the divine command (레19:31; 20:27; 신18:10, 11), he no sooner finds himself in straits than he seeks out one of them for his aid.
Two questions arise. Did Samuel really come forth from the dead, and was it the woman's power that brought him forth? To the first we answer yes, on the evidence of verses 12 to 16, and to the second, no. The woman was surprised to see Samuel and affrighted (v. 12), which is proof that she was not a factor in the matter, and that God brought up Samuel to rebuke Saul.
Two other questions follow. Is it possible for human beings to talk with the dead, or lawful to do so? We answer no in both cases. Spiritualistic mediums may have intercourse with demons who by their superior knowledge personate the dead, but they are not permitted of God to bring back the dead themselves. On the other hand God may be at liberty to do what He would not permit His creatures to do.
How are we to understand the words "Tomorrow shalt thou be with me." Was not Samuel one who feared God and Saul the opposite? How then could the future life of both be located in the same place? The answer is that the Jews regarded the place of the dead as composed of two realms, one for the righteous and one for the unrighteous. Saul might be with Samuel in that he was among the dead, and yet not in the sense that he was in the company of the righteous dead.
2. The Evil in Operation, cc. 29, 30.
There is no apology for David's hypocrisy in this chapter, but the situation in which he found himself was the result of the unbelief that led him to leave the land of his fathers and throw in his lot with the Philistines (27:1).
Achish, shows up better than he in this transaction, for he seemed to have confidence in David (28:1, 2). And had it not been for the shrewder judgment of his princes (29:3-5), David would have been found playing the traitor to him later, for it is unlikely he would have fought for him against his own kith and kin.
Chapter 30 may be included in this division because it still has to do with David. There is nothing in it requiring explanation except the observation in verse 6, "that David encouraged himself in the Lord his God." How he did it, and what encouragement he received is indicated in verses 7, 8, but why God would be willing to encourage such a man puzzles us, till again we think of ourselves. The best of us are unbelieving, mean, and hypocritical at times, and yet God's patience waits, and does not destroy and cast away. The reason is that God's love for us terminates on His own glory. He is doing these things for His Name's sake. His honor is at stake in the execution of His purposes and the fulfilling of His will. He had great plans for Israel and the world through David. And He is not measuring us by what we now are, but by what He sees us to be when the work of grace is perfected in us in the ages to come. David becomes a different man even before his earthly career is ended, and we find something of the same transformation in his career as in that of his progenitor, the supplanted Jacob who became Israel, the prince who prevailed with God (창32:28).
3. The End Reached, c. 31
We need not comment on the events of this chapter which tell their own story, but the following from Illustrations of Scripture, by Hackett, will be quickening to faith:
"I venture to affirm that he who compares the Bible account of this battle with the regions around Gilboah, has the same sort of evidence that it relates what is true as a person would have concerning the battles of Saratoga, Yorktown and Waterloo, should he compare their histories with the localities where they occurred.
"Some of the most celebrated battle fields of Grecian and Roman history correspond but imperfectly with the descriptions of ancient writers. The writers may be trustworthy, but the villages they mentioned have changed their names or entirely disappeared. In some cases convulsions of nature have altered streams, or disturbed landmarks between hills and valleys. But Saul's battle ground remains mapped out on the face of the country, almost as distinctly as if it occurred in our time, and yet it occurred in an age more remote than the founding of Rome, or the siege of Troy."
【삼상30:1 MHCC】When we go abroad in the way of our duty, we may comfortably hope that God will take care of our families in our absence, but not otherwise. If, when we come off a journey, we find our abode in peace, and not laid waste, as David here found his, let the Lord be praised for it. David's men murmured against him. Great faith must expect such severe trials. But, observe, that David was brought thus low, only just before he was raised to the throne. When things are at the worst with the church and people of God, then they begin to mend. David encouraged himself in the Lord his God. His men fretted at their loss, the soul of the people was bitter; their own discontent and impatience added to the affliction and misery. But David bore it better, though he had more reason than any of them to lament it. They gave liberty to their passions, but he set his graces to work; and while they dispirited each other, he, by encouraging himself in God, kept his spirit calm. Those who have taken the Lord for their God, may take encouragement from him in the worst times.
【삼상30:2 JFB】2. they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away—Their conduct seems to stand in favorable contrast to that of David (삼상27:11). But their apparent clemency did not arise from humane considerations. It is traceable to the ancient war usages of the East, where the men of war, on the capture of a city, were unsparingly put to death, but there were no warriors in Ziklag at the time. The women and boys were reserved for slaves, and the old people were spared out of respect to age.
【삼상30:3 JFB】3. David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire—The language implies that the smoke of the conflagration was still visible, and the sacking very recent.
【삼상30:6 JFB】삼상30:6-15. But David, Encouraged by God, Pursues Them.
6. David was greatly distressed—He had reason, not only on his own personal account (삼상30:5), but on account of the vehement outcry and insurrectionary threats against him for having left the place so defenseless that the families of his men fell an unresisting prey to the enemy. Under the pressure of so unexpected and widespread a calamity, of which he was upbraided as the indirect occasion, the spirit of any other leader guided by ordinary motives would have sunk;
but David encouraged himself in the Lord his God—His faith supplied him with inward resources of comfort and energy, and through the seasonable inquiries he made by Urim, he inspired confidence by ordering an immediate pursuit of the plunderers.
【삼상30:7 MHCC】If in all our ways, even when, as in this case, there can be no doubt they are just, we acknowledge God, we may expect that he will direct our steps, as he did those of David. David, in tenderness to his men, would by no means urge them beyond their strength. The Son of David thus considers the frames of his followers, who are not all alike strong and vigorous in their spiritual pursuits and conflicts; but, where we are weak, there he is kind; nay more, there he is strong, 고후12:9, 10. A poor Egyptian lad, scarcely alive, is made the means of a great deal of good to David. Justly did Providence make this poor servant, who was basely used by his master, an instrument in the destruction of the Amalekites; for God hears the cry of the oppressed. Those are unworthy the name of true Israelites, who shut up their compassion from persons in distress. We should neither do an injury nor deny a kindness to any man; some time or other it may be in the power of the lowest to return a kindness or an injury.
【삼상30:9 JFB】9. came to the brook Besor—now Wady Gaza, a winter torrent, a little to the south of Gaza. The bank of a stream naturally offered a convenient rest to the soldiers, who, through fatigue, were unable to continue the pursuit.
【삼상30:11 JFB】11-15. they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David—Old and homeborn slaves are usually treated with great kindness. But a purchased or captured slave must look to himself; for, if feeble or sick, his master will leave him to perish rather than encumber himself with any additional burden. This Egyptian seems to have recently fallen into the hands of an Amalekite, and his master having belonged to the marauding party that had made the attack on Ziklag, he could give useful information as to the course taken by them on their return.
【삼상30:14 JFB】14. the Cherethites—that is, the Philistines (겔25:16; 습2:5).
【삼상30:15 JFB】15. Swear unto me by God—Whether there was still among these idolatrous tribes a lingering belief in one God, or this Egyptian wished to bind David by the God whom the Hebrews worshipped, the solemn sanction of an oath was mutually recognized.
【삼상30:16 JFB】삼상30:16-31. And Recovers His Two Wives and All the Spoil.
16. they were spread abroad upon all the earth—Believing that David and all his men of war were far away, engaged with the Philistine expedition, they deemed themselves perfectly secure and abandoned themselves to all manner of barbaric revelry. The promise made in answer to the devout inquiries of David (삼상30:8) was fulfilled. The marauders were surprised and panic-stricken. A great slaughter ensued—the people as well as the booty taken from Ziklag was recovered, besides a great amount of spoil which they had collected in a wide, freebooting excursion.
【삼상30:16 MHCC】Sinners are nearest to ruin, when they cry, Peace and safety, and put the evil day far from them. Nor does any thing give our spiritual enemies more advantage than sensuality and indulgence. Eating and drinking, and dancing, have been the soft and pleasant way in which many have gone down to the congregation of the dead. The spoil was recovered, and brought off; nothing was lost, but a great deal gained.
【삼상30:21 JFB】21. David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow—This unexpected accession of spoil was nearly proving an occasion of quarrel through the selfish cupidity of some of his followers, and serious consequences might have ensued had they not been prevented by the prudence of the leader, who enacted it as a standing ordinance—the equitable rule—that all the soldiers should share alike (see 민31:11; see on 민31:25).
【삼상30:21 MHCC】What God gives us, he designs we should do good with. In distributing the spoil, David was just and kind. Those are men of Belial indeed, who delight in putting hardships upon their brethren, and care not who is starved, so that they may be fed to the full. David was generous and kind to all his friends. Those who consider the Lord as the Giver of their abundance, will dispose of it with fairness and liberality.
【삼상30:26 JFB】26. when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil to the elders of Judah—This was intended as an acknowledgment to the leading men in those towns and villages of Judah which had ministered to his necessities in the course of his various wanderings. It was the dictate of an amiable and grateful heart; and the effect of this well-timed liberality was to bring a large accession of numbers to his camp (대상12:22). The enumeration of these places shows what a numerous and influential party of adherents to his cause he could count within his own tribe [삼상30:27-31].
※ 일러두기
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