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■ 사무엘상 26장
1. 십 사람이 기브아에 와서 사울에게 이르러 가로되 다윗이 광야 앞 하길라 산에 숨지 아니하였나이까
And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah , saying , Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah , which is before Jeshimon ?
2. 사울이 일어나 십 황무지에서 다윗을 찾으려고 이스라엘에서 택한 사람 삼천과 함께 십 황무지로 내려가서
Then Saul arose , and went down to the wilderness of Ziph , having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph .
3. 광야 앞 하길라 산 길 가에 진치니라 다윗이 황무지에 있더니 사울이 자기를 따라 황무지로 들어옴을 깨닫고
And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah , which is before Jeshimon , by the way . But David abode in the wilderness , and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness .
4. 이에 탐정을 보내어 사울이 과연 이른줄 알고
David therefore sent out spies , and understood that Saul was come in very deed .
5. 일어나 사울의 진 친 곳에 이르러 사울과 넬의 아들 군대장관 아브넬의 유하는 곳을 본즉 사울이 진 가운데 누웠고 백성은 그를 둘러 진 쳤더라
And David arose , and came to the place where Saul had pitched : and David beheld the place where Saul lay , and Abner the son of Ner , the captain of his host : and Saul lay in the trench , and the people pitched round about him.
6. 이에 다윗이 헷 사람 아히멜렉과 스루야의 아들 요압의 아우 아비새에게 물어 가로되 누가 나로 더불어 진에 내려가서 사울에게 이르겠느냐 아비새가 가로되 내가 함께 가겠나이다
Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite , and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah , brother to Joab , saying , Who will go down with me to Saul to the camp ? And Abishai said , I will go down with thee.
7. 다윗과 아비새가 밤에 그 백성에게 나아가 본즉 사울이 진 가운데 누워 자고 창은 머리 곁 땅에 꽂혔고 아브넬과 백성들은 그를 둘러 누웠는지라
So David and Abishai came to the people by night : and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the trench , and his spear stuck in the ground at his bolster : but Abner and the people lay round about him.
8. 아비새가 다윗에게 이르되 하나님이 오늘날 당신의 원수를 당신의 손에 붙이셨나이다 그러므로 청하오니 나로 창으로 그를 찔러서 단 번에 땅에 꽂게 하소서 내가 그를 두 번 찌를 것이 없으리이다
Then said Abishai to David , God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand this day : now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear even to the earth at once , and I will not smite him the second time .
9. 다윗이 아비새에게 이르되 죽이지 말라 누구든지 손을 들어 여호와의 기름 부음을 받은 자를 치면 죄가 없겠느냐
And David said to Abishai , Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the Lord’s anointed , and be guiltless ?
10. 또 가로되 여호와께서 사시거니와 여호와께서 그를 치시리니 혹 죽을 날이 이르거나 혹 전장에 들어가서 망하리라
David said furthermore, As the Lord liveth , the Lord shall smite him; or his day shall come to die ; or he shall descend into battle , and perish .
11. 내가 손을 들어 여호와의 기름 부음을 받은 자를 치는 것을 여호와께서 금하시나니 너는 그의 머리 곁에 있는 창과 물병만 가지고 가자 하고
The Lord forbid that I should stretch forth mine hand against the Lord’s anointed : but, I pray thee, take thou now the spear that is at his bolster , and the cruse of water , and let us go .
12. 다윗이 사울의 머리 곁에서 창과 물병을 가지고 떠나가되 깨든지 이를 보든지 알든지 하는 사람이 없었으니 이는 여호와께서 그들로 깊이 잠들게 하셨으므로 그들이 다 잠이었더라
So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul’s bolster ; and they gat them away , and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither awaked : for they were all asleep ; because a deep sleep from the Lord was fallen upon them.
13. 이에 다윗이 건너편으로 가서 멀리 산꼭대기에 서니 상거가 멀더라
Then David went over to the other side , and stood on the top of an hill afar off ; a great space being between them:
14. 다윗이 백성과 넬의 아들 아브넬을 대하여 외쳐 가로되 아브넬아 너는 대답지 아니하느냐 아브넬이 대답하여 가로되 왕을 부르는 너는 누구냐
And David cried to the people , and to Abner the son of Ner , saying , Answerest thou not, Abner ? Then Abner answered and said , Who art thou that criest to the king ?
15. 다윗이 아브넬에게 이르되 네가 용사가 아니냐 이스라엘 중에 너 같은 자가 누구냐 그러한데 네가 어찌하여 네 주 왕을 보호하지 아니하느냐 백성 중 한 사람이 네 주 왕을 죽이려고 들어갔었느니라
And David said to Abner , Art not thou a valiant man ? and who is like to thee in Israel ? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king ? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord .
16. 네 행한 이 일이 선치 못하도다 여호와께서 사시거니와 여호와의 기름 부음 받은 너희 주를 보호하지 아니하였으니 너희는 마땅히 죽을 자니라 이제 왕의 창과 왕의 머리 곁에 있던 물병이 어디 있나 보라
This thing is not good that thou hast done . As the Lord liveth , ye are worthy to die , because ye have not kept your master , the Lord’s anointed . And now see where the king’s spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster .
17. 사울이 다윗의 음성을 알아 듣고 가로되 내 아들 다윗아 이것이 네 음성이냐 다윗이 가로되 내 주 왕이여 내 음성이니이다
And Saul knew David’s voice , and said , Is this thy voice , my son David ? And David said , It is my voice , my lord , O king .
18. 또 가로되 내 주는 어찌하여 주의 종을 쫓으시나이까 내가 무엇을 하였으며 내 손에 무슨 악이 있나이까
And he said , Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant ? for what have I done ? or what evil is in mine hand ?
19. 청컨대 내 주 왕은 이제 종의 말을 들으소서 만일 왕을 격동시켜 나를 해하려 하는 이가 여호와시면 여호와께서는 제물을 받으시기를 원하나이다마는 만일 인자들이면 그들이 여호와 앞에 저주를 받으리니 이는 그들이 이르기를 너는 가서 다른 신들을 섬기라 하고 오늘날 나를 쫓아내어 여호와의 기업에 붙지 못하게 함이니이다
Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant . If the Lord have stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering : but if they be the children of men , cursed be they before the Lord ; for they have driven me out this day from abiding in the inheritance of the Lord , saying , Go , serve other gods .
20. 그런즉 청컨대 여호와 앞에서 먼 이곳에서 이제 나의 피로 땅에 흐르지 말게 하옵소서 이는 산에서 메추라기를 사냥하는 자와 같이 이스라엘 왕이 한 벼룩을 수색하러 나오셨음이니이다
Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth before the face of the Lord : for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea , as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains .
21. 사울이 가로되 내가 범죄하였도다 내 아들 다윗아 돌아오라 네가 오늘 내 생명을 귀중히 여겼은즉 내가 다시는 너를 해하려 하지 아니하리라 내가 어리석은 일을 하였으니 대단히 잘못 되었도다
Then said Saul , I have sinned : return , my son David : for I will no more do thee harm , because my soul was precious in thine eyes this day : behold, I have played the fool , and have erred exceedingly .
22. 다윗이 대답하여 가로되 왕은 창을 보소서 한 소년을 보내어 가져가게 하소서
And David answered and said , Behold the king’s spear ! and let one of the young men come over and fetch it.
23. 여호와께서 각 사람에게 그 의와 신실을 갚으시리니 이는 여호와께서 오늘날 왕을 내 손에 붙이셨으되 나는 손을 들어 여호와의 기름 부음을 받은 자 치기를 원치 아니하였음이니이다
The Lord render to every man his righteousness and his faithfulness : for the Lord delivered thee into my hand to day , but I would not stretch forth mine hand against the Lord’s anointed .
24. 오늘날 왕의 생명을 내가 중히 여긴 것 같이 내 생명을 여호와께서 중히 여기셔서 모든 환난에서 나를 구하여 내시기를 바라나이다
And, behold, as thy life was much set by this day in mine eyes , so let my life be much set by in the eyes of the Lord , and let him deliver me out of all tribulation .
25. 사울이 다윗에게 이르되 내 아들 다윗아 네게 복이 있을지로다 네가 큰 일을 행하겠고 반드시 승리를 얻으리라 하니라 다윗은 자기 길로 가고 사울은 자기 곳으로 돌아가니라
Then Saul said to David , Blessed be thou, my son David : thou shalt both do great things, and also shalt still prevail . So David went on his way , and Saul returned to his place .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상26:1 JFB】삼상26:1-4. Saul Comes to the Hill of Hachilah against David.
1, 2. the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah—This people seem to have thought it impossible for David to escape, and therefore recommended themselves to Saul, by giving him secret information (see on 삼상23:19). The knowledge of their treachery makes it appear strange that David should return to his former haunt in their neighborhood; but, perhaps he did it to be near Abigail's possessions, and under the impression that Saul had become mollified. But the king had relapsed into his old enmity. Though Gibeah, as its name imports, stood on an elevated position, and the desert of Ziph, which was in the hilly region of Judea, may have been higher than Gibeah, it was still necessary to descend in leaving the latter place; thence Saul (삼상26:2) "went down to the wilderness of Ziph."
【삼상26:1 CWC】[MORE BROKEN PROMISES]
1. David and Abigail, c. 25.
The romance of this chapter has a setting like this: The "Wilderness of Paran" on the south was a common pasture like our prairies, and for this reason open to marauders from among the Arabs.
David and his men must have been a protection to their countrymen from such incursions, and in the habit of receiving practical acknowledgments of their service.
Nabal was a rich sheep owner who must have been indebted to them, and "good business," to say nothing of gratitude, should have induced him to contribute to David's need without asking, and his refusal to do so was a violation of established custom.
This does not justify David's bloodthirsty action, but explains it.
The "bottles of wine" (v. 18) were goatskins holding a large quantity.
The "bundle of life" (v. 29) is a poetic expression alluding to the security of the person to whom it is applied.
The last phrase of verses 22 and 34 should be rendered "any man child."
When Nabal's "heart died" (v. 37), it means that he fainted at the thought of his narrow escape, the shock ultimately ending his life (v. 38).
David's taking Abigail to wife was in accordance with eastern custom. He was the head of a clan, Abigail seemed to recognize him as the successor of Saul (v. 30), and such an one fancying a woman for his wife had a right to command her submission to his will. Abigail seems to have been very willing, however.
Polygamy was wrong, (v. 44), but, because of the condition of the times, God seems to have permitted it (마19:3-9).
2. David and Abner, c. 26.
Why David returns to Hachilah (see 23:19) is not clear, especially when he was near his old enemies, the Ziphites.
"Within the trench" (v. 7), means "within the place of the wagons" (see Revised Version). The encampment was a circle, the wagons and the men lining it, and the place of the leader being in the center. "His bolster" is the same as "his head."
In explanation of verse 13 we are told that the air of Palestine enables the voice to be heard at a great distance. (Compare 삿9:7.)
David's heroic strategy gave good ground for his sarcastic inquiry of Abner (vv. 14-16).
Saul repents again and makes more promises; but he has broken so many hitherto that David's confidence is not restored (v. 25).
3. David and Achish, c. 27.
David's resolution (v. 1) was probably wrong (see 22:5), but God overruled it for good by making it contribute to the final destruction of Saul.
"Achish" seems to have been another than he named in the earlier chapter, and there is likelihood that he invited David into his territory. Perhaps it was good policy to do so in view of the feud between David and Saul, and his warlike purposes toward the latter.
Ziklag belonged originally to Canaan and was given to Israel, but never conquered or occupied by the latter. It was far in the south on the border of Philistia, just northeast of Beersheba.
"Road" (v. 10) should be rendered "raid." David deceives Achish in what he says, for instead of destroying the king's enemies, he really did away with the king's allies and engaged in an awful slaughter to conceal the fact (vv. 11, 12).
As in other cases we must not suppose God endorses this because it is in the record or because it was done by one of His servants.
Some of ourselves are in point. Though redeemed by the blood of Christ, and indwelt by God's Spirit, what unsatisfactory instruments do we make in His service, and how often we bring dishonor on His name. Yet He loves and bears with us and, though He chastens, still uses us.
It is one of the proofs of the credibility of the Bible that it tells us the whole truth about a man. If it were false it would be covering over the defects of its heroes; but as it is, both the Old and New Testaments never compromise the facts for the sake of a good appearance. And very grateful we should be therefore
【삼상26:1 MHCC】How soon do unholy hearts lose the good impressions convictions have made upon them! How helpless were Saul and all his men! All as though disarmed and chained, yet nothing is done to them; they are only asleep. How easily can God weaken the strongest, befool the wisest, and baffle the most watchful! David still resolved to wait till God thought fit to avenge him on Saul. He will by no means force his way to the promised crown by any wrong methods. The temptation was very strong; but if he yielded, he would sin against God, therefore he resisted the temptation, and trusted God with the event.
【삼상26:4 JFB】4, 5. David … sent out spies … and David arose, and came to the place where Saul had pitched—Having obtained certain information of the locality, he seems, accompanied by his nephew (삼상26:6), to have hid himself, perhaps disguised, in a neighboring wood, or hill, on the skirts of the royal camp towards night, and waited to approach it under covert of the darkness.
【삼상26:5 JFB】삼상26:5-25. David Stays Abishai from Killing Saul, but Takes His Spear and Cruse.
5. Saul lay in the trench, and the people pitched round about him—Among the nomad people of the East, the encampments are usually made in a circular form. The circumference is lined by the baggage and the men, while the chief's station is in the center, whether he occupy a tent or not. His spear, stuck in the ground, indicates his position. Similar was the disposition of Saul's camp—in this hasty expedition he seems to have carried no tent, but to have slept on the ground. The whole troop was sunk in sleep around him.
【삼상26:8 JFB】8-12. Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand—This midnight stratagem shows the activity and heroic enterprise of David's mind, and it was in unison with the style of warfare in ancient times.
let me smite him … even to the earth at once—The ferocious vehemence of the speaker is sufficiently apparent from his language, but David's magnanimity soared far above the notions of his followers. Though Saul's cruelty and perfidy and general want of right principle had sunk him to a low pitch of degradation, yet that was no reason for David's imitating him in doing wrong. Besides, he was the sovereign; David was a subject. Though God had rejected him from the kingdom, it was in every way the best and most dutiful course, instead of precipitating his fall by imbruing their hands in his blood and thereby contracting the guilt of a great crime, to wait the awards of that retributive providence which sooner or later would take him off by some sudden and mortal blow. He who, with impetuous haste was going to exterminate Nabal, meekly spared Saul. But Nabal refused to give a tribute to which justice and gratitude, no less than custom, entitled David. Saul was under the judicial infatuation of heaven. Thus David withheld the hand of Abishai; but, at the same time, he directed him to carry off some things which would show where they had been, and what they had done. Thus he obtained the best of victories over him, by heaping coals of fire on his head.
【삼상26:11 JFB】11. the spear that is at his bolster, and the cruse of water—The Oriental spear had, and still has, a spike at the lower extremity, intended for the purpose of sticking the spear into the ground when the warrior is at rest. This common custom of Arab sheiks was also the practice of the Hebrew chiefs.
at his bolster—literally, "at his head"; perhaps, Saul as a sovereign had the distinguished luxury of a bolster carried for him. A "cruse of water" is usually, in warm climates, kept near a person's couch, as a drink in the night time is found very refreshing. Saul's cruse would probably be of superior materials, or more richly ornamented than common ones, and therefore by its size or form be easily distinguished.
【삼상26:13 JFB】13-20. Then David … stood on the top of an hill afar off … and cried to the people—(See on 유9:7). The extraordinary purity and elasticity of the air in Palestine enable words to be distinctly heard that are addressed by a speaker from the top of one hill to people on that of another, from which it is separated by a deep intervening ravine. Hostile parties can thus speak to each other, while completely beyond the reach of each other's attack. It results from the peculiar features of the country in many of the mountain districts.
【삼상26:13 MHCC】David reasoned seriously and affectionately with Saul. Those who forbid our attendance on God's ordinances, do what they can to estrange us from God, and to make us heathens. We are to reckon that which exposes us to sin the greatest injury that can be done us. If the Lord stirred thee up against me, either in displeasure to me, taking this way to punish me for my sins against him, or in displeasure to thee, if it be the effect of that evil spirit from the Lord which troubles thee; let Him accept an offering from us both. Let us join in seeking peace, and to be reconciled with God by sacrifice.
【삼상26:15 JFB】15. David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man: … wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king?—The circumstance of David having penetrated to the center of the encampment, through the circular rows of the sleeping soldiers, constituted the point of this sarcastic taunt. This new evidence of David's moderation and magnanimous forbearance, together with his earnest and kindly expostulation, softened the obduracy of Saul's heart.
【삼상26:19 JFB】19. If the Lord have stirred thee up against me—By the evil spirit He had sent, or by any spiritual offenses by which we have mutually displeased Him.
let him accept an offering—that is, let us conjointly offer a sacrifice for appeasing His wrath against us.
if they be the children of men—The prudence, meekness, and address of David in ascribing the king's enmity to the instigations of some malicious traducers, and not to the jealousy of Saul himself, is worthy of notice.
saying, Go, serve other gods—This was the drift of their conduct. By driving him from the land and ordinances of the true worship, into foreign and heathen countries, they were exposing him to all the seductions of idolatry.
【삼상26:20 JFB】20. as when one doth hunt a partridge—People in the East, in hunting the partridge and other game birds, pursue them, till observing them becoming languid and fatigued after they have been put up two or three times, they rush upon the birds stealthily and knock them down with bludgeons [Shaw, Travels]. It was exactly in this manner that Saul was pursuing David. He drove him from time to time from his hiding-place, hoping to render him weary of his life, or obtain an opportunity of accomplishing his destruction.
【삼상26:21 MHCC】Saul repeated his good words and good wishes. But he showed no evidence of true repentance towards God. David and Saul parted to meet no more. No reconciliation among men is firm, which is not founded in an cemented by peace with God through Jesus Christ. In sinning against God, men play the fool, and err exceedingly. Many obtain a passing view of these truths, who hate and close their eyes against the light. Fair professions do not entitle those to confidence who have long sinned against the light, yet the confessions of obstinate sinners may satisfy us that we are in the right way, and encourage us to persevere, expecting our recompence from the Lord alone.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.