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■ 사무엘상 19장
1. 사울이 그 아들 요나단과 그 모든 신하에게 다윗을 죽이라 말하였더니 사울의 아들 요나단이 다윗을 심히 기뻐하므로
And Saul spake to Jonathan his son , and to all his servants , that they should kill David .
2. 그가 다윗에게 고하여 가로되 내 부친 사울이 너를 죽이기를 꾀하시느니라 그러므로 이제 청하노니 아침에 조심하여 은밀한 곳에 숨어 있으라
But Jonathan Saul’s son delighted much in David : and Jonathan told David , saying , Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning , and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:
3. 내가 나가서 너 있는 들에서 내 부친 곁에 서서 네 일을 내 부친과 말하다가 무엇을 보거든 네게 알게 하리라 하고
And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see , that I will tell thee.
4. 요나단이 그 아비 사울에게 다윗을 포장하여 가로되 원컨대 왕은 신하 다윗에게 범죄치 마옵소서 그는 왕께 득죄하지 아니하였고 그가 왕께 행한 일은 심히 선함이니이다
And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father , and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant , against David ; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good :
5. 그가 자기 생명을 아끼지 아니하고 블레셋 사람을 죽였고 여호와께서는 온 이스라엘을 위하여 큰 구원을 이루셨으므로 왕이 이를 보고 기뻐하셨거늘 어찌 무고히 다윗을 죽여 무죄한 피를 흘려 범죄하려 하시나이까
For he did put his life in his hand , and slew the Philistine , and the Lord wrought a great salvation for all Israel : thou sawest it, and didst rejoice : wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood , to slay David without a cause ?
6. 사울이 요나단의 말을 듣고 맹세하되 여호와께서 사시거니와 그가 죽임을 당치 아니하리라
And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan : and Saul sware , As the Lord liveth , he shall not be slain .
7. 요나단이 다윗을 불러 그 모든 일을 알게 하고 그를 사울에게로 인도하니 그가 사울 앞에 여전히 있으니라
And Jonathan called David , and Jonathan shewed him all those things . And Jonathan brought David to Saul , and he was in his presence , as in times past .
8. 전쟁이 다시 있으므로 다윗이 나가서 블레셋 사람들과 싸워 그들을 크게 도륙하매 그들이 그 앞에서 도망하니라
And there was war again : and David went out , and fought with the Philistines , and slew them with a great slaughter ; and they fled from him.
9. 사울이 손에 단창을 가지고 그 집에 앉았을 때에 여호와의 부리신 악신이 사울에게 접하였으므로 다윗이 손으로 수금을 탈 때에
And the evil spirit from the Lord was upon Saul , as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand : and David played with his hand .
10. 사울이 단창으로 다윗을 벽에 박으려 하였으나 그는 사울의 앞을 피하고 사울의 창은 벽에 박힌지라 다윗이 그 밤에 도피하매
And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the javelin ; but he slipped away out of Saul’s presence , and he smote the javelin into the wall : and David fled , and escaped that night .
11. 사울이 사자들을 다윗의 집에 보내어 그를 지키다가 아침에 그를 죽이게 하려 한지라 다윗의 아내 미갈이 다윗에게 일러 가로되 당신이 이 밤에 당신의 생명을 구하지 아니하면 내일에는 죽임을 당하리라 하고
Saul also sent messengers unto David’s house , to watch him, and to slay him in the morning : and Michal David’s wife told him, saying , If thou save not thy life to night , to morrow thou shalt be slain .
12. 미갈이 다윗을 창에서 달아 내리우매 그가 도망하여 피하니라
So Michal let David down through a window : and he went , and fled , and escaped .
13. 미갈이 우상을 취하여 침상에 뉘고 염소털로 엮은 것을 그 머리에 씌우고 의복으로 그것을 덮었더니
And Michal took an image , and laid it in the bed , and put a pillow of goats’ hair for his bolster , and covered it with a cloth .
14. 사울이 사자들을 보내어 다윗을 잡으려 하매 미갈이 가로되 그가 병들었느니라
And when Saul sent messengers to take David , she said , He is sick .
15. 사울이 또 사자들을 보내어 다윗을 보라 하며 이르되 그를 침상채 내게로 가져오라 내가 그를 죽이리라
And Saul sent the messengers again to see David , saying , Bring him up to me in the bed , that I may slay him.
16. 사자들이 들어가 본즉 침상에 우상이 있고 염소털로 엮은 것이 그 머리에 있었더라
And when the messengers were come in , behold, there was an image in the bed , with a pillow of goats’ hair for his bolster .
17. 사울이 미갈에게 이르되 너는 어찌하여 이처럼 나를 속여 내 대적을 놓아 피하게 하였느냐 미갈이 사울에게 대답하되 그가 내게 이르기를 나를 놓아 가게 하라 어찌하여 나로 너를 죽이게 하겠느냐 하더이다 하니라
And Saul said unto Michal , Why hast thou deceived me so , and sent away mine enemy , that he is escaped ? And Michal answered Saul , He said unto me, Let me go ; why should I kill thee?
18. 다윗이 도피하여 라마로 가서 사무엘에게로 나아가서 사울이 자기에게 행한 일을 다 고하였고 다윗과 사무엘이 나욧으로 가서 거하였더라
So David fled , and escaped , and came to Samuel to Ramah , and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth .
19. 혹이 사울에게 고하여 가로되 다윗이 라마 나욧에 있더이다 하매
And it was told Saul , saying , Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah .
20. 사울이 다윗을 잡으려 사자들을 보내었더니 그들이 선지자 무리의 예언하는 것과 사무엘이 그들의 수령으로 선 것을 볼 때에 하나님의 신이 사울의 사자들에게 임하매 그들도 예언을 한지라
And Saul sent messengers to take David : and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying , and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul , and they also prophesied .
21. 혹이 그것을 사울에게 고하매 사울이 다른 사자들을 보내었더니 그들도 예언을 한고로 사울이 세번째 다시 사자들을 보내었더니 그들도 예언을 한지라
And when it was told Saul , he sent other messengers , and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also.
22. 이에 사울도 라마로 가서 세구에 있는 큰 우물에 이르러 물어 가로되 사무엘과 다윗이 어디 있느냐 혹이 가로되 라마 나욧에 있나이다
Then went he also to Ramah , and came to a great well that is in Sechu : and he asked and said , Where are Samuel and David ? And one said , Behold, they be at Naioth in Ramah .
23. 사울이 라마 나욧으로 가니라 하나님의 신이 그에게도 임하시니 그가 라마 나욧에 이르기까지 행하며 예언을 하였으며
And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah : and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he went on , and prophesied , until he came to Naioth in Ramah .
24. 그가 또 그 옷을 벗고 사무엘 앞에서 예언을 하며 종일 종야에 벌거벗은 몸으로 누웠었더라 그러므로 속담에 이르기를 사울도 선지자 중에 있느냐 하니라
And he stripped off his clothes also , and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night . Wherefore they say , Is Saul also among the prophets ?
■ 주석 보기
【삼상19:1 JFB】삼상19:1-7. Jonathan Discloses His Father's Purpose to Kill David.
1. Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David—The murderous design he had secretly cherished he now reveals to a few of his intimate friends. Jonathan was among the number. He prudently said nothing at the time, but secretly apprised David of his danger; and waiting till the morning, when his father's excited temper would be cooled, he stationed his friend in a place of concealment, where, overhearing the conversation, he might learn how matters really stood and take immediate flight, if necessary.
【삼상19:1 CWC】[DAVID AND JONATHAN]
1. Jealousy and Fear, c. 18.
Jonathan's love for David is put to a serious rest, but is found genuine.
On the homeward march from the victory over the Philistines, the women of Israel, following oriental custom, met the warriors and accompanied them along the road, singing and dancing. But their joy outran their judgment, so that they praised David more than their king. A better man than Saul could scarcely have resisted the temptation to envy, sinful as it was (vv. 6-9).
No wonder his malady returned and made him a murderer in his heart (vv. 10, 11). When it is said "he prophesied," it cannot be that he was the mouthpiece of God, but as the term denotes, one under the influence of either a good or bad spirit; the probability is he was in a kind of frenzy. In religious meetings, where some have professed miraculous tongues, a similar phenomenon has been witnessed. There has been prophesying, and some have supposed it was God speaking; but events have proven otherwise, for there are evil spirits in the universe as well as good, and, if possible, they would "deceive the very elect."
Saul would give David a military commission, but he would no longer retain him at the court (vv. 12, 13). The latter had merited the king's eldest daughter in marriage (17:25); but this is now forgotten and, like Jacob with Laban, he must do something more to obtain her. Nor is this enough (vv. 17-19). Another snare is set for him in the case of the younger daughter (vv 20-25), for to slay an hundred Philistines, in order to their circumcision, meant a hazard that might easily have resulted in his death.
No wonder Saul was afraid of him (v. 29), for supernatural power was exerted on his behalf continually, and nothing could prevent his accession to the throne. Of course the wisdom of his behavior, the self-control he showed in the face of danger, at Saul's hands, was equally the gift of God.
2. The Strategy of Love, c. 19.
The story of this chapter is plain. For the incident of verse 12, compare 수2:15. Michal's subterfuge (v. 17) is justifiable though its recital in the record is not necessarily a divine approval of it. Endeavor to find Ramah an the map, northeast of Jerusalem and a little south of Bethel The meaning of "prophesied" in verse 20, may be similar to that expressed above concerning Saul, and yet it is more likely "that the influence of the sacred exercises produced such an effect upon them that they were unable to discharge their commission, and were led by a resistless impulse to join in praising God." "Stripping off his clothes" (v. 24) is to be understood of his armor and outer robes, as he lay in a state of trance.
3. The Faithful Friend, c. 20.
The beginning of a new moon was celebrated by sacrifices and feasting at which all the family were expected to be present (v 5). But David's excuse for visiting his old home was a good one, since a "yearly sacrifice" seemed more important than a monthly one (v. 6).
Notice the renewal of the covenant between Jonathan and David at this time, and the projection of its terms beyond the lifetime of the former who, with a prophet's eye, saw the outcome of the struggle in which his father and his friend were engaged (vv. 12-17).
"Clean" (v. 26), has reference to some ceremonial law such as was studied in Leviticus. The reproach of Jonathan's mother (v. 30) was not a reflection upon her character necessarily, but a stronger way of insulting the son than to fling a charge against him personally. The phrase has been rendered "thou son of perverse rebellion," with the reference to "woman" omitted. The last expression of the verse is an oriental way of saying that the son's conduct would bring shame on the mother.
"Artillery" (v. 40) is "weapons" in the Revised Version. The French "artillerie" signifies "archery," a term still used in England of an association of archers who long since disused bows and arrows.
The closing verses are an affecting conclusion of a chapter in the lives of two of the best and greatest men who ever lived.
【삼상19:1 MHCC】How forcible are right words! Saul was, for a time, convinced of the unreasonableness of his enmity to David; but he continued his malice against David. So incurable is the hatred of the seed of the serpent against that of the woman; so deceitful and desperately wicked is the heart of man without the grace of God, 렘17:9.
【삼상19:4 JFB】4-7. Jonathan spake good of David—He told his father he was committing a great sin to plot against the life of a man who had rendered the most invaluable services to his country and whose loyalty had been uniformly steady and devoted. The strong remonstrances of Jonathan produced an effect on the impulsive mind of his father. As he was still susceptible of good and honest impressions, he bound himself by an oath to relinquish his hostile purpose; and thus, through the intervention of the noble-minded prince, a temporary reconciliation was effected, in consequence of which David was again employed in the public service.
【삼상19:8 JFB】삼상19:8-17. Saul's Malicious Rage Breaks Out against David.
8-10. David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter—A brilliant victory was gained over the public enemy. But these fresh laurels of David reawakened in the moody breast of Saul the former spirit of envy and melancholy. On David's return to court, the temper of Saul became more fiendish than ever; the melodious strains of the harp had lost all their power to charm; and in a paroxysm of uncontrollable frenzy he aimed a javelin at the person of David—the missile having been thrown with such force that it pierced the chamber wall. David providentially escaped; but the king, having now thrown off the mask and being bent on aggressive measures, made his son-in-law's situation everywhere perilous.
【삼상19:11 JFB】11, 12. Saul sent messengers unto David's house, to watch him, and to slay him—The fear of causing a commotion in the town, or favoring his escape in the darkness, seemed to have influenced the king in ordering them to patrol till the morning. This infatuation was overruled by Providence to favor David's escape; for his wife, secretly apprised by Jonathan, who was aware of the design, or by spying persons in court livery watching the gate, let him down through a window (see on 수2:15).
【삼상19:11 MHCC】Michal's stratagem to gain time till David got to a distance was allowable, but her falsehood had not even the plea of necessity to excuse it, and manifests that she was not influenced by the same spirit of piety which had dictated Jonathan's language to Saul. In flying to Samuel, David made God his refuge. Samuel, as a prophet, was best able to advise him what to do in this day of distress. He met with little rest or satisfaction in Saul's court, therefore went to seek it in Samuel's church. What little pleasure is to be had in this world, those have who live a life of communion with God; to that David returned in the time of trouble. So impatient was Saul after David's blood, so restless against him, that although baffled by one providence after another, he could not see that David was under the special protection of God. And when God will take this way to protect David, even Saul prophesies. Many have great gifts, yet no grace; they may prophesy in Christ's name, yet are disowned by him. Let us daily seek for renewing grace, which shall be in us as a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Let us cleave to truth and holiness with full purpose of heart. In every danger and trouble, let us seek protection, comfort, and direction in God's ordinances.
【삼상19:13 JFB】13, 14. And Michal took an image, and laid it in the bed—"an image," literally, "the teraphim," and laid, not in the bed, but literally on the "divan"; and "the pillows," that is, the cushion, which usually lay at the back of the divan and was stuffed with "goat's hair," she took from its bolster or heading at the upper part of the divan. This she placed lower down, and covered with a mantle, as if to foster a proper warmth in a patient; at the same time spreading the goat's hair skin, so as to resemble human hair in a dishevelled state. The pretext was that David lay there sick. The first messengers of Saul, keeping at a respectable distance, were deceived; but the imposition was detected on a closer inspection.
【삼상19:15 JFB】15. Bring him to me in the bed—a portable couch or mattress.
【삼상19:18 JFB】삼상19:18-23. David Flees to Samuel.
18-23. David fled, … and came to Samuel to Ramah—Samuel was living in great retirement, superintending the school of the prophets, established in the little hamlet of Naioth, in the neighborhood of Ramah. It was a retreat congenial to the mind of David; but Saul, having found out his asylum, sent three successive bodies of men to apprehend him. The character of the place and the influence of the sacred exercises produced such an effect on them that they were incapable of discharging their commission, and were led, by a resistless impulse, to join in singing the praises of God. Saul, in a fit of rage and disappointment, determined to go himself. But, before reaching the spot, his mental susceptibilities were roused even more than his messengers, and he was found, before long, swelling the ranks of the young prophets. This singular change can be ascribed only to the power of Him who can turn the hearts of men even as the rivers of water.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.