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■ 사무엘상 17장
1. 블레셋 사람들이 그 군대를 모으고 싸우고자 하여 유다에 속한 소고에 모여 소고와 아세가 사이의 에베스담밈에 진치매
Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle , and were gathered together at Shochoh , which belongeth to Judah , and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah , in Ephes–dammim .
2. 사울과 이스라엘 사람들이 모여서 엘라 골짜기에 진치고 블레셋 사람을 대하여 항오를 벌였으니
And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together , and pitched by the valley of Elah , and set the battle in array against the Philistines .
3. 블레셋 사람은 이편 산에 섰고 이스라엘은 저편 산에 섰고 사이에는 골짜기가 있었더라
And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.
4. 블레셋 사람의 진에서 싸움을 돋우는 자가 왔는데 그 이름은 골리앗이요 가드 사람이라 그 신장은 여섯 규빗 한 뼘이요
And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines , named Goliath , of Gath , whose height was six cubits and a span .
5. 머리에는 놋투구를 썼고 몸에는 어린갑을 입었으니 그 갑옷의 중수가 놋 오천 세겔이며
And he had an helmet of brass upon his head , and he was armed with a coat of mail ; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass .
6. 그 다리에는 놋경갑을 쳤고 어깨 사이에는 놋단창을 메었으니
And he had greaves of brass upon his legs , and a target of brass between his shoulders .
7. 그 창자루는 베틀채 같고 창날은 철 육백 세겔이며 방패 든 자는 앞서 행하더라
And the staff of his spear was like a weaver’s beam ; and his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron : and one bearing a shield went before him.
8. 그가 서서 이스라엘 군대를 향하여 외쳐 가로되 너희가 어찌하여 나와서 항오를 벌였느냐 나는 블레셋 사람이 아니며 너희는 사울의 신복이 아니냐 너희는 한 사람을 택하여 내게로 내려보내라
And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel , and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array ? am not I a Philistine , and ye servants to Saul ? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.
9. 그가 능히 싸워서 나를 죽이면 우리가 너희의 종이 되겠고 만일 내가 이기어 그를 죽이면 너희가 우리의 종이 되어 우리를 섬길 것이니라
If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants : but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants , and serve us.
10. 그 블레셋 사람이 또 가로되 내가 오늘날 이스라엘의 군대를 모욕하였으니 사람을 보내어 나로 더불어 싸우게 하라 한지라
And the Philistine said , I defy the armies of Israel this day ; give me a man , that we may fight together .
11. 사울과 온 이스라엘이 블레셋 사람의 이 말을 듣고 놀라 크게 두려워하니라
When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine , they were dismayed , and greatly afraid .
12. 다윗은 유다 베들레헴 에브랏 사람 이새라 하는 자의 아들이었는데 이새는 사울 당시 사람 중에 나이 많아 늙은 자로서 여덟 아들이 있는 중
Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth–lehem–judah , whose name was Jesse ; and he had eight sons : and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul .
13. 그 장성한 세 아들은 사울을 따라 싸움에 나갔으니 싸움에 나간 세 아들의 이름은 장자 엘리압이요 그 다음은 아비나답이요 제삼은 삼마며
And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle : and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn , and next unto him Abinadab , and the third Shammah .
14. 다윗은 말째라 장성한 삼 인은 사울을 좇았고
And David was the youngest : and the three eldest followed Saul .
15. 다윗은 사울에게로 왕래하며 베들레헴에서 그 아비의 양을 칠 때에
But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Beth–lehem .
16. 그 블레셋 사람이 사십 일을 조석으로 나와서 몸을 나타내었더라
And the Philistine drew near morning and evening , and presented himself forty days .
17. 이새가 그 아들 다윗에게 이르되 네 형들을 위하여 이 볶은 곡식 한 에바와 이 떡 열 덩이를 가지고 진으로 속히 가서 네 형들에게 주고
And Jesse said unto David his son , Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves , and run to the camp to thy brethren ;
18. 이 치스 열 덩이를 가져다가 그들의 천부장에게 주고 네 형들의 안부를 살피고 증표를 가져오라
And carry these ten cheeses unto the captain of their thousand , and look how thy brethren fare , and take their pledge .
19. 때에 사울과 그들과 이스라엘 모든 사람이 엘라 골짜기에서 블레셋 사람과 싸우는 중이더라
Now Saul , and they, and all the men of Israel , were in the valley of Elah , fighting with the Philistines .
20. 다윗이 아침에 일찍이 일어나서 양을 양 지키는 자에게 맡기고 이새의 명한 대로 가지고 가서 진영에 이른즉 싸우려고 고함하며
And David rose up early in the morning , and left the sheep with a keeper , and took , and went , as Jesse had commanded him; and he came to the trench , as the host was going forth to the fight , and shouted for the battle .
21. 이스라엘과 블레섹 사람이 항오를 벌이고 양군이 서로 대하였더라
For Israel and the Philistines had put the battle in array , army against army .
22. 다윗이 그 짐을 짐 지키는 자의 손에 맡기고 군대로 달려가서 형들에게 문안하고
And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage , and ran into the army , and came and saluted his brethren .
23. 그들과 함께 말할 때에 마침 블레셋 사람의 싸움 돋우는 가드 사람 골리앗이라 하는 자가 그 항오에서 나와서 전과 같은 말을 하매 다윗이 들으니라
And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion , the Philistine of Gath , Goliath by name , out of the armies of the Philistines , and spake according to the same words : and David heard them.
24. 이스라엘 모든 사람이 그 사람을 보고 심히 두려워하여 그 앞에서 도망하며
And all the men of Israel , when they saw the man , fled from him , and were sore afraid .
25. 더러는 가로되 너희가 이 올라온 사람을 보았느냐 참으로 이스라엘을 모욕하러 왔도다 그를 죽이는 사람은 왕이 많은 재물로 부하게 하고 그 딸을 그에게 주고 그 아비의 집은 이스라엘 중에서 자유하게 하시리라
And the men of Israel said , Have ye seen this man that is come up ? surely to defy Israel is he come up : and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches , and will give him his daughter , and make his father’s house free in Israel .
26. 다윗이 곁에 섰는 사람들에게 말하여 가로되 이 블레셋 사람을 죽여 이스라엘의 치욕을 제하는 사람에게는 어떠한 대우를 하겠느냐 이 할례 없는 블레셋 사람이 누구관대 사시는 하나님의 군대를 모욕하겠느냐
And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying , What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine , and taketh away the reproach from Israel ? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine , that he should defy the armies of the living God ?
27. 백성이 전과 같이 말하여 가로되 그를 죽이는 사람에게는 여차 여차히 하시리라 하니라
And the people answered him after this manner , saying , So shall it be done to the man that killeth him.
28. 장형 엘리압이 다윗이 사람들에게 하는 말을 들은지라 그가 다윗에게 노를 발하여 가로되 네가 어찌하여 이리로 내려왔느냐 들에 있는 몇 양을 뉘게 맡겼느냐 나는 네 교만과 네 마음의 완악함을 아노니 네가 전쟁을 구경하러 왔도다
And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men ; and Eliab’s anger was kindled against David , and he said , Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness ? I know thy pride , and the naughtiness of thine heart ; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle .
29. 다윗이 가로되 내가 무엇을 하였나이까 어찌 이유가 없으리이까 하고
And David said , What have I now done ? Is there not a cause ?
30. 돌이켜 다른 사람을 향하여 전과 같이 말하매 백성이 전과 같이 대답하니라
And he turned from him toward another , and spake after the same manner : and the people answered him again after the former manner .
31. 혹이 다윗의 한 말을 듣고 그것을 사울에게 고하였으므로 사울이 다윗을 부른지라
And when the words were heard which David spake , they rehearsed them before Saul : and he sent for him.
32. 다윗이 사울에게 고하되 그를 인하여 사람이 낙담하지 말 것이라 주의 종이 가서 저 블레셋 사람과 싸우리이다
And David said to Saul , Let no man’s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine .
33. 사울이 다윗에게 이르되 네가 가서 저 블레셋 사람과 싸우기에 능치 못하리니 너는 소년이요 그는 어려서부터 용사임이니라
And Saul said to David , Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth , and he a man of war from his youth .
34. 다윗이 사울에게 고하되 주의 종이 아비의 양을 지킬 때에 사자나 곰이 와서 양떼에서 새끼를 움키면
And David said unto Saul , Thy servant kept his father’s sheep , and there came a lion , and a bear , and took a lamb out of the flock :
35. 내가 따라가서 그것을 치고 그 입에서 새끼를 건져 내었고 그것이 일어나 나를 해하고자 하면 내가 그 수염을 잡고 그것을 쳐 죽였었나이다
And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth : and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard , and smote him, and slew him.
36. 주의 종이 사자와 곰도 쳤은즉 사시는 하나님의 군대를 모욕한 이 할례 없는 블레셋 사람이리이까 그가 그 짐승의 하나와 같이 되리이다
Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear : and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God .
37. 또 가로되 여호와께서 나를 사자의 발톱과 곰의 발톱에서 건져 내셨은즉 나를 이 블레셋 사람의 손에서도 건져 내시리이다 사울이 다윗에게 이르되 가라 여호와께서 너와 함께 계시기를 원하노라
David said moreover, The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion , and out of the paw of the bear , he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine . And Saul said unto David , Go , and the Lord be with thee.
38. 이에 사울이 자기 군복을 다윗에게 입히고 놋투구를 그 머리에 씌우고 또 그에게 갑옷을 입히매
And Saul armed David with his armour , and he put an helmet of brass upon his head ; also he armed him with a coat of mail .
39. 다윗이 칼을 군복 위에 차고는 익숙치 못하므로 시험적으로 걸어 보다가 사울에게 고하되 익숙치 못하니 이것을 입고 가지 못하겠나이다 하고 곧 벗고
And David girded his sword upon his armour , and he assayed to go ; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul , I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.
40. 손에 막대기를 가지고 시내에서 매끄러운 돌 다섯을 골라서 자기 목자의 제구 곧 주머니에 넣고 손에 물매를 가지고 블레셋 사람에게로 나아가니라
And he took his staff in his hand , and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook , and put them in a shepherd’s bag which he had, even in a scrip ; and his sling was in his hand : and he drew near to the Philistine .
41. 블레셋 사람이 점점 행하여 다윗에게로 나아오는데 방패 든 자가 앞섰더라
And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David ; and the man that bare the shield went before him.
42. 그 블레셋 사람이 둘러보다가 다윗을 보고 업신여기니 이는 그가 젊고 붉고 용모가 아름다움이라
And when the Philistine looked about , and saw David , he disdained him: for he was but a youth , and ruddy , and of a fair countenance .
43. 블레셋 사람이 다윗에게 이르되 네가 나를 개로 여기고 막대기를 가지고 내게 나아왔느냐 하고 그 신들의 이름으로 다윗을 저주하고
And the Philistine said unto David , Am I a dog , that thou comest to me with staves ? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods .
44. 또 이르되 내게로 오라 내가 네 고기를 공중의 새들과 들짐승들에게 주리라
And the Philistine said to David , Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air , and to the beasts of the field .
45. 다윗이 블레셋 사람에게 이르되 너는 칼과 창과 단창으로 내게 오거니와 나는 만군의 여호와의 이름 곧 네가 모욕하는 이스라엘 군대의 하나님의 이름으로 네게 가노라
Then said David to the Philistine , Thou comest to me with a sword , and with a spear , and with a shield : but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts , the God of the armies of Israel , whom thou hast defied .
46. 오늘 여호와께서 너를 내 손에 붙이시리니 내가 너를 쳐서 네 머리를 베고 블레셋 군대의 시체로 오늘날 공중의 새와 땅의 들짐승에게 주어 온 땅으로 이스라엘에 하나님이 계신줄 알게 하겠고
This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand ; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air , and to the wild beasts of the earth ; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel .
47. 또 여호와의 구원하심이 칼과 창에 있지 아니함을 이 무리로 알게 하리라 전쟁은 여호와께 속한 것인즉 그가 너희를 우리 손에 붙이시리라
And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear : for the battle is the Lord’s , and he will give you into our hands .
48. 블레셋 사람이 일어나 다윗에게로 마주 가까이 올 때에 다윗이 블레셋 사람에게로 마주 그 항오를 향하여 빨리 달리며
And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose , and came and drew nigh to meet David , that David hasted , and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine .
49. 손을 주머니에 넣어 돌을 취하여 물매로 던져 블레셋 사람의 이마를 치매 돌이 그 이마에 박히니 땅에 엎드러지니라
And David put his hand in his bag , and took thence a stone , and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead , that the stone sunk into his forehead ; and he fell upon his face to the earth .
50. 다윗이 이같이 물매와 돌로 블레셋 사람을 이기고 그를 쳐 죽였으나 자기 손에는 칼이 없었더라
So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone , and smote the Philistine , and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David .
51. 다윗이 달려가서 블레셋 사람을 밟고 그의 칼을 그 집에서 빼어 내어 그 칼로 그를 죽이고 그 머리를 베니 블레셋 사람들이 자기 용사의 죽음을 보고 도망하는지라
Therefore David ran , and stood upon the Philistine , and took his sword , and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead , they fled .
52. 이스라엘과 유다 사람들이 일어나서 소리지르며 블레셋 사람을 쫓아 가이와 에그론 성문까지 이르렀고 블레셋 사람의 상한 자들은 사아라임 가는 길에서부터 가드와 에그론까지 엎드러졌더라
And the men of Israel and of Judah arose , and shouted , and pursued the Philistines , until thou come to the valley , and to the gates of Ekron . And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim , even unto Gath , and unto Ekron .
53. 이스라엘 자손이 블레셋 사람을 쫓다가 돌아와서 그들의 진을 노략하였고
And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines , and they spoiled their tents .
54. 다윗은 블레셋 사람의 머리를 예루살렘으로 가져가고 갑주는 자기 장막에 두니라
And David took the head of the Philistine , and brought it to Jerusalem ; but he put his armour in his tent .
55. 다윗이 블레셋 사람을 향하여 나감을 사울이 보고 군장 아브넬에게 묻되 아브넬아 이 소년이 뉘 아들이냐 아브넬이 가로되 왕이여 왕의 사심으로 맹세하옵나니 내가 알지 못하나이다 하매
And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine , he said unto Abner , the captain of the host , Abner , whose son is this youth ? And Abner said , As thy soul liveth , O king , I cannot tell .
56. 왕이 가로되 너는 이 청년이 누구의 아들인가 물어보라 하였더니
And the king said , Enquire thou whose son the stripling is.
57. 다윗이 블레셋 사람을 죽이고 돌아올 때에 블레셋 사람의 머리가 그 손에 있는 채 아브넬이 그를 사울의 앞으로 인도하니
And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine , Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand .
58. 사울이 그에게 묻되 소년이여 누구의 아들이뇨 다윗이 대답하되 나는 주의 종 베들레헴 사람 이새의 아들이니이다
And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man ? And David answered , I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Beth–lehemite .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상17:1 JFB】삼상17:1-3. The Israelites and Philistines Being Ready to Battle.
1. the Philistines gathered together their armies—twenty-seven years after their overthrow at Michmash. Having now recovered their spirits and strength, they sought an opportunity of wiping out the infamy of that national disaster, as well as to regain their lost ascendency over Israel.
Shocoh—now Shuweikeh, a town in the western plains of Judah (수15:35), nine Roman miles from Eleutheropolis, toward Jerusalem [Robinson].
Azekah—a small place in the neighborhood.
Ephes-dammim—or, "Pas-dammim" (대상11:13), "the portion" or "effusion of blood," situated between the other two.
【삼상17:1 CWC】[DAVID BEFORE SAUL]
1. As a Minstrel, 16:14-23.
When it is said that "the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul" (v. 14), we have a further illustration of the distinction between the Spirit coming on a man and the Spirit dwelling within him. In the latter case we do not think of His departing from him (요14:16; 롬11:29), but in the former He may do so for more than one reason, but especially when the man through disobedience has placed himself outside the pale where God cares to use him. As to "an evil Spirit from the Lord" troubling him, we are to regard it as a judgment upon him (see 삿9:23; 왕상22:15-23; Job 1 and 2; 고전5:1-5), in consequence of which he became "jealous, irritable, vindictive and subject to morbid melancholy." The ancients believed music had an influence in healing such disorders (v. 23).
It is easy to see why this providence came in the way of David (vv. 18-22), when we consider how it may have prepared him for his future position by acquainting him with the ways of the court and the business of government.
We are interested in the description of the young man David, by one who knew him well (v. 18). The word "servants" is "young men" in the Revised Version, indicating that it may have been one of his former chums. But how could David have been a "man of war"? If not on the battlefield as yet, nevertheless in his conflicts with wild beasts (17:34, et seq.), which demonstrated that he had the soldier in him when the time came.
2. As a Champion, 17:1-54.
This story is so familiar as to require little comment. The event occurred, according to the chronology in the margin of our Bibles, almost a quarter of a century after the victory over the Philistines at Michmash (c. 14), and when that old time enemy of Israel had again become bold. The place (Shocoh) seems to have been a town in the western section of the territory of Judah.
There is no explanation of David's prowess in the presence of this strong enemy (vv. 26, 32), save the supernatural enduement of God. It was not the temporal reward that moved him, but the desire that God be magnified. This is discovered in the faith evidenced in verse 37. His success had been God's success rather than his own and would continue so to be (v. 45). And yet works wrought with his faith, since he took not only his staff but five stones, not one alone. If one failed he had others (v. 40). Surely the description of him was true, he was "prudent in matters."
But why should David have brought the giant's head to Jerusalem (v. 54)? Probably because it was the nearest city, and hence the appropriate place of deposit for such a trophy. We learned (수15:63 and 삿1:21) that the Jebusites possessed this city, but probably that means only the fortress on Mount Zion, while the rest was in Israel's hands.
3. As a Courtier, 17:53-18:4.
We are not surprised to find David a favorite at Saul's court after this, but we are surprised that he does not identify him (vv. 55-58). In explanation, remember Saul's mental condition at times, as well as the fact that time had elapsed since David's minstrel days, and the ruddy youth may have changed into the bearded man. And as to Abner, he may have been absent from court when David had been there.
In the next chapter (18), we have the beginning of a friendship that has gone into history as one of the most beautiful among men.
Jonathan and David were doubtless nearly of an age and, although the former had taken no notice of the minstrel, the heroic though modest warrior had commanded his admiration and affection at once, and "he loved him as his own soul" (v. 3).
"To receive any part of the dress worn by a sovereign or his eldest son and heir, is deemed in the East the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject." (cf. v. 4 with 에6:8).
【삼상17:1 MHCC】Men so entirely depend upon God in all things, that when he withdraws his help, the most valiant and resolute cannot find their hearts or hands, as daily experience shows.
【삼상17:2 JFB】2. valley of Elah—that is, "the Terebinth," now Wady Er-Sumt [Robinson]. Another valley somewhat to the north, now called Wady Beit Hanina, has been fixed on by the tradition of ages.
【삼상17:4 JFB】삼상17:4-11. Goliath Challenges a Combat.
4-11. a champion—Hebrew, a "man between two"; that is, a person who, on the part of his own people, undertook to determine the national quarrel by engaging in single combat with a chosen warrior in the hostile army.
【삼상17:5 JFB】5. helmet of brass—The Philistine helmet had the appearance of a row of feathers set in a tiara, or metal band, to which were attached scales of the same material, for the defense of the neck and the sides of the face [Osborn].
a coat of mail—a kind of corslet, quilted with leather or plates of metal, reaching only to the chest, and supported by shoulder straps, leaving the shoulders and arms at full liberty.
【삼상17:6 JFB】6. greaves of brass—boots, terminating at the ankle, made in one plate of metal, but round to the shape of the leg, and often lined with felt or sponge. They were useful in guarding the legs, not only against the spikes of the enemy, but in making way among thorns and briers.
a target of brass—a circular frame, carried at the back, suspended by a long belt which crossed the breast from the shoulders to the loins.
【삼상17:7 JFB】7. staff of his spear—rather under five feet long, and capable of being used as a javelin (삼상19:10). It had an iron head.
one bearing a shield—In consequence of their great size and weight, the Oriental warrior had a trusty and skilful friend, whose office it was to bear the large shield behind which he avoided the missile weapons of the enemy. He was covered, cap-a-pie, with defensive armor, while he had only two offensive weapons—a sword by his side and a spear in his hand.
【삼상17:8 JFB】8-11. I defy the armies of Israel …; give me a man, that we may fight together—In cases of single combat, a warrior used to go out in front of his party, and advancing towards the opposite ranks, challenge someone to fight with him. If his formidable appearance, or great reputation for physical strength and heroism, deterred any from accepting the challenge, he used to parade himself within hearing of the enemy's lines, specify in a loud, boastful, bravado style, defying them, and pouring out torrents of abuse and insolence to provoke their resentment.
【삼상17:12 JFB】삼상17:12-58. David Accepts the Challenge, and Slays Him.
【삼상17:12 MHCC】Jesse little thought of sending his son to the army at that critical juncture; but the wise God orders actions and affairs, so as to serve his designs. In times of general formality and lukewarmness, every degree of zeal which implies readiness to go further, or to venture more in the cause of God than others, will be blamed as pride and ambition, and by none more than by near relations, like Eliab, or negligent superiors. It was a trial of David's meekness, patience, and constancy. He had right and reason on his side, and did not render railing for railing; with a soft answer he turned away his brother's wrath. This conquest of his own passion was more honourable than that of Goliath. Those who undertake great and public services, must not think it strange if they are spoken ill of, and opposed by those from whom they expect support and assistance. They must humbly go on with their work, in the face not only of enemies' threats, but of friends' slights and suspicions.
【삼상17:17 JFB】17. Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves—In those times campaigns seldom lasted above a few days at a time. The soldiers were volunteers or militia, who were supplied with provisions from time to time by their friends at home.
【삼상17:18 JFB】18. carry these ten cheeses to the captain—to enlist his kind attention. Oriental cheeses are very small; and although they are frequently made of so soft a consistence as to resemble curds, those which David carried seem to have been fully formed, pressed, and sufficiently dried to admit of their being carried.
take their pledge—Tokens of the soldiers' health and safety were sent home in the convenient form of a lock of their hair, or piece of their nail, or such like.
【삼상17:20 JFB】20. David left the sheep with a keeper—This is the only instance in which the hired shepherd is distinguished from the master or one of his family.
trench—some feeble attempt at a rampart. It appears (see Margin) to have been formed by a line of carts or chariots, which, from the earliest times, was the practice of nomad people.
【삼상17:22 JFB】22. left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage—to make his way to the standard of Judah.
【삼상17:25 JFB】25. make his father's house free in Israel—His family should be exempted from the impositions and services to which the general body of the Israelites were subjected.
【삼상17:31 MHCC】A shepherd lad, come the same morning from keeping sheep, had more courage than all the mighty men of Israel. Thus God often sends good words to his Israel, and does great things for them, by the weak and foolish things of the world. As he had answered his brother's passion with meekness, so David answered Saul's fear with faith. When David kept sheep, he proved himself very careful and tender of his flock. This reminds us of Christ, the good Shepherd, who not only ventured, but laid down his life for the sheep. Our experience ought to encourage us to trust in God, and be bold in the way of duty. He that has delivered, does and will continue to do so. David gained leave to fight the Philistine. Not being used to such armour as Saul put upon him, he was not satisfied to go in that manner; this was from the Lord, that it might more plainly appear he fought and conquered in faith, and that the victory was from Him who works by the feeblest and most despised means and instruments. It is not to be inquired how excellent any thing is, but how proper. Let Saul's coat be ever so rich, and his armour ever so strong, what is David the better if they fit him not? But faith, prayer, truth, and righteousness; the whole armour of God, and the mind that was in Christ; are equally needful for all the servants of the Lord, whatever may be their work.
【삼상17:34 JFB】34-36. a lion, and a bear—There were two different rencontres, for those animals prowl alone. The bear must have been a Syrian bear, which is believed to be a distinct species, or perhaps a variety, of the brown bear. The beard applies to the lion alone. Those feats seem to have been performed with no weapons more effective than the rude staves and stones of the field, or his shepherd's crook.
【삼상17:37 JFB】37. The Lord that delivered me—It would have been natural for a youth, and especially an Oriental youth, to make a parade of his gallantry. But David's piety sank all consideration of his own prowess and ascribed the success of those achievements to the divine aid, which he felt assured would not be withheld from him in a cause which so intimately concerned the safety and honor of His people.
Saul said unto David, Go, and the Lord be with thee—The pious language of the modest but valiant youth impressed the monarch's heart. He felt that it indicated the true military confidence for Israel, and, therefore, made up his mind, without any demur, to sanction a combat on which the fate of his kingdom depended, and with a champion supporting his interests apparently so unequal to the task.
【삼상17:38 JFB】38, 39. Saul armed David with his armour—The ancient Hebrews were particularly attentive to the personal safety of their warriors, and hence Saul equipped the youthful champion with his own defensive accoutrements, which would be of the best style. It is probable that Saul's coat of mail, or corslet, was a loose shirt, otherwise it could not have fitted both a stripling and a man of the colossal stature of the king.
【삼상17:40 JFB】40. brook—wady.
bag—or scrip for containing his daily food.
sling—The sling consisted of a double rope with a thong, probably of leather, to receive the stone. The slinger held a second stone in his left hand. David chose five stones, as a reserve, in case the first should fail. Shepherds in the East carry a sling and stones still, for the purpose of driving away, or killing, the enemies that prowl about the flock.
【삼상17:40 MHCC】The security and presumption of fools destroy them. Nothing can excel the humility, faith, and piety which appear in David's words. He expressed his assured expectation of success; he gloried in his mean appearance and arms, that the victory might be ascribed to the Lord alone.
【삼상17:42 JFB】42-47. the Philistine said … said David to the Philistine—When the two champions met, they generally made each of them a speech, and sometimes recited some verses, filled with allusions and epithets of the most opprobrious kind, hurling contempt and defiance at one another. This kind of abusive dialogue is common among the Arab combatants still. David's speech, however, presents a striking contrast to the usual strain of these invectives. It was full of pious trust, and to God he ascribed all the glory of the triumph he anticipated.
【삼상17:48 MHCC】See how frail and uncertain life is, even when a man thinks himself best fortified; how quickly, how easily, and by how small a matter, the passage may be opened for life to go out, and death to enter! Let not the strong man glory in his strength, nor the armed man in his armour. God resists the proud, and pours contempt on those who defy him and his people. No one ever hardened his heart against God and prospered. The history is recorded, that all may exert themselves for the honour of God, and the support of his cause, with bold and unshaken reliance on him. There is one conflict in which all the followers of the Lamb are, and must be engaged; one enemy, more formidable than Goliath, still challenges the armies of Israel. But “resist the devil, and he will flee from you.” Go forth to battle with the faith of David, and the powers of darkness shall not stand against you. But how often is the Christian foiled through an evil heart of unbelief!
【삼상17:49 JFB】49. smote the Philistine in his forehead—At the opening for the eyes—that was the only exposed part of his body.
【삼상17:51 JFB】51. cut off his head—not as an evidence of the giant's death, for his slaughter had been effected in presence of the whole army, but as a trophy to be borne to Saul. The heads of slain enemies are always regarded in the East as the most welcome tokens of victory.
【삼상17:52 JFB】52. Shaaraim—(See 수15:36).
【삼상17:54 JFB】54. tent—the sacred tabernacle. David dedicated the sword of Goliath as a votive offering to the Lord.
【삼상17:55 JFB】55-58. Saul … said unto Abner … whose son is this youth?—A young man is more spoken of in many Eastern countries by his father's name than his own. The growth of the beard, and other changes on a now full-grown youth, prevented the king from recognizing his former favorite minstrel [삼상16:23].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.