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■ 사무엘상 16장
1. 여호와께서 사무엘에게 이르시되 내가 이미 사울을 버려 이스라엘 왕이 되지 못하게 하였거늘 네가 그를 위하여 언제까지 슬퍼하겠느냐 너는 기름을 뿔에 채워 가지고 가라 내가 너를 베들레헴 사람 이새에게로 보내리니 이는 내가 그 아들 중에서 한 왕을 예선하였음이니라
And the Lord said unto Samuel , How long wilt thou mourn for Saul , seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel ? fill thine horn with oil , and go , I will send thee to Jesse the Beth–lehemite : for I have provided me a king among his sons .
2. 사무엘이 가로되 내가 어찌 갈 수 있으리이까 사울이 들으면 나를 죽이리이다 여호와께서 가라사대 너는 암송아지를 끌고 가서 말하기를 내가 여호와께 제사를 드리러 왔다 하고
And Samuel said , How can I go ? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the Lord said , Take an heifer with thee , and say , I am come to sacrifice to the Lord .
3. 이새를 제사에 청하라 내가 너의 행할 일을 가르치리니 내가 네게 알게 하는 자에게 나를 위하여 기름을 부을지니라
And call Jesse to the sacrifice , and I will shew thee what thou shalt do : and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee.
4. 사무엘이 여호와의 말씀대로 행하여 베들레헴에 이르매 성읍 장로들이 떨며 그를 영접하여 가로되 평강을 위하여 오시나이까
And Samuel did that which the Lord spake , and came to Beth–lehem . And the elders of the town trembled at his coming , and said , Comest thou peaceably ?
5. 가로되 평강을 위함이니라 내가 여호와께 제사하러 왔으니 스스로 성결케 하고 와서 나와 함께 제사하자 하고 이새와 그 아들들을 성결케 하고 제사에 청하니라
And he said , Peaceably : I am come to sacrifice unto the Lord : sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice . And he sanctified Jesse and his sons , and called them to the sacrifice .
6. 그들이 오매 사무엘이 엘리압을 보고 마음에 이르기를 여호와의 기름 부으실 자가 과연 그 앞에 있도다 하였더니
And it came to pass, when they were come , that he looked on Eliab , and said , Surely the Lord’s anointed is before him.
7. 여호와께서 사무엘에게 이르시되 그 용모와 신장을 보지 말라 내가 이미 그를 버렸노라 나의 보는 것은 사람과 같지 아니하니 사람은 외모를 보거니와 나 여호와는 중심을 보느니라
But the Lord said unto Samuel , Look not on his countenance , or on the height of his stature ; because I have refused him: for the Lord seeth not as man seeth ; for man looketh on the outward appearance , but the Lord looketh on the heart .
8. 이새가 아비나답을 불러 사무엘의 앞을 지나게 하매 사무엘이 가로되 이도 여호와께서 택하지 아니하셨느니라
Then Jesse called Abinadab , and made him pass before Samuel . And he said , Neither hath the Lord chosen this.
9. 이새가 삼마로 지나게 하매 사무엘이 가로되 이도 여호와께서 택하지 아니하셨느니라
Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by . And he said , Neither hath the Lord chosen this.
10. 이새가 그 아들 일곱으로 다 사무엘 앞을 지나게 하나 사무엘이 이새에게 이르되 여호와께서 이들을 택하지 아니하셨느니라 하고
Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel . And Samuel said unto Jesse , The Lord hath not chosen these.
11. 또 이새에게 이르되 네 아들들이 다 여기 있느냐 이새가 가로되 아직 말째가 남았는데 그가 양을 지키나이다 사무엘이 이새에게 이르되 보내어 그를 데려오라 그가 여기 오기까지는 우리가 식사 자리에 앉지 아니하겠노라
And Samuel said unto Jesse , Are here all thy children ? And he said , There remaineth yet the youngest , and, behold, he keepeth the sheep . And Samuel said unto Jesse , Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither .
12. 이에 보내어 그를 데려오매 그의 빛이 붉고 눈이 빼어나고 얼굴이 아름답더라 여호와께서 가라사대 이가 그니 일어나 기름을 부으라
And he sent , and brought him in . Now he was ruddy , and withal of a beautiful countenance , and goodly to look to . And the Lord said , Arise , anoint him: for this is he.
13. 사무엘이 기름 뿔을 취하여 그 형제 중에서 그에게 부었더니 이 날 이후로 다윗이 여호와의 신에게 크게 감동되니라 사무엘이 떠나서 라마로 가니라
Then Samuel took the horn of oil , and anointed him in the midst of his brethren : and the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward . So Samuel rose up , and went to Ramah .
14. 여호와의 신이 사울에게서 떠나고 여호와의 부리신 악신이 그를 번뇌케 한지라
But the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul , and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him.
15. 사울의 신하들이 그에게 이르되 보소서 하나님의 부리신 악신이 왕을 번뇌케 하온즉
And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.
16. 원컨대 우리 주는 주의 앞에 모시는 신하에게 명하여 수금 잘 탈줄 아는 사람을 구하게 하소서 하나님의 부리신 악신이 왕에게 이를 때에 그가 손으로 타면 왕이 나으시리이다
Let our lord now command thy servants , which are before thee, to seek out a man , who is a cunning player on an harp : and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand , and thou shalt be well .
17. 사울이 신하에게 이르되 나를 위하여 잘 타는 사람을 구하여 내게로 데려오라
And Saul said unto his servants , Provide me now a man that can play well , and bring him to me.
18. 소년 중 한사람이 대답하여 가로되 내가 베들레헴 사람 이새의 아들을 본즉 탈줄을 알고 호기와 무용과 구변이 있는 준수한 자라 여호와께서 그와 함께 계시더이다
Then answered one of the servants , and said , Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth–lehemite , that is cunning in playing , and a mighty valiant man , and a man of war , and prudent in matters , and a comely person , and the Lord is with him.
19. 사울이 이에 사자를 이새에게 보내어 이르되 양치는 네 아들 다윗을 내게로 보내라 하매
Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse , and said , Send me David thy son , which is with the sheep .
20. 이새가 떡과 한 가죽부대의 포도주와 염소 새끼를 나귀에 실리고 그 아들 다윗의 손으로 사울에게 보내니
And Jesse took an ass laden with bread , and a bottle of wine , and a kid , and sent them by David his son unto Saul .
21. 다윗이 사울에게 이르러 그 앞에 모셔 서매 사울이 그를 크게 사랑하여 자기의 병기 든 자를 삼고
And David came to Saul , and stood before him: and he loved him greatly ; and he became his armourbearer .
22. 이새에게 사람을 보내어 이르되 청컨대 다윗으로 내 앞에 모셔 서게 하라 그가 내게 은총을 얻었느니라 하니라
And Saul sent to Jesse , saying , Let David , I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight .
23. 하나님의 부리신 악신이 사울에게 이를 때에 다윗이 수금을 취하여 손으로 탄즉 사울이 상쾌하여 낫고 악신은 그에게서 떠나더라
And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul , that David took an harp , and played with his hand : so Saul was refreshed , and was well , and the evil spirit departed from him.
■ 주석 보기
【삼상16:1 JFB】삼상16:1-10. Samuel Sent by God to Bethlehem.
1. the Lord said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul—Samuel's grief on account of Saul's rejection, accompanied, doubtless, by earnest prayers for his restitution, showed the amiable feelings of the man; but they were at variance with his public duty as a prophet. The declared purpose of God to transfer the kingdom of Israel into other hands than Saul's was not an angry menace, but a fixed and immutable decree; so that Samuel ought to have sooner submitted to the peremptory manifestation of the divine will. But to leave him no longer room to doubt of its being unalterable, he was sent on a private mission to anoint a successor to Saul (see on 삼상10:1). The immediate designation of a king was of the greatest importance for the interests of the nation in the event of Saul's death, which, to this time, was dreaded; it would establish David's title and comfort the minds of Samuel and other good men with a right settlement, whatever contingency might happen.
I have provided me a king—The language is remarkable, and intimates a difference between this and the former king. Saul was the people's choice, the fruit of their wayward and sinful desires for their own honor and aggrandizement. The next was to be a king who would consult the divine glory, and selected from that tribe to which the pre-eminence had been early promised (창49:10).
【삼상16:1 CWC】[THE MAN AFTER GOD'S OWN HEART]
1. Another Commission for Samuel, 15:1-9.
How long a time elapsed since the last chapter is indeterminable. Saul's victory seems to have driven the Philistines out of Israel's territory, and to have been followed by successful sallies against other enemies.
He had been warned of God that because of his presumption at Gilgal (c. 13), the kingdom would be taken from him and given to another; but God seems willing to allow him another chance, or at least another test of his quality to be His vice-regent in Israel before executing His purpose (v. 1).
For an explanation of verse 2 look up 출17:8-14; 민24:20; 신25:17-19. We have seen the reason for God's anger against such nations as Amalek in that they represented the powers of darkness, and sought as the instruments of Satan to frustrate His purpose of redemption of the world through Israel.
2. Saul's Rejection from the Kingdom, 15:10-31.
This part of the chapter requires little comment. Notice Saul's falsehood (v. 13), and his self-justifying spirit (vv. IS, 21). Notice the principle in verse 22, and the final rejection of him in verse 23. Nor is his repentance sincere, inasmuch as he is still trying to excuse himself (v. 24), and desires to make a good showing before the people (v. 30).
God's Repenting and Not Repenting.
Here is a seeming contradiction which needs a word of explanation. Twice is it said that it repented the Lord that He made Saul king (vv. 11, 35), and in another place that "He is not a man that He should repent" (v. 20). In the last case "repent" is to be taken in the positive sense that God s decrees are unchangeable, which is necessary to be believed of the divine nature. But in the former case it is to be taken in the figurative sense, as explaining in terms capable of human understanding why He was about to act as He did.
He intends to alter His purpose with reference to Saul because of the latter's wickedness. It would not have been altered but for this, and yet He foreknew in choosing Saul that this would take place. In the larger sense, He did not repent or change His mind at all, while in the narrower sense He did. But since the narrower was included in the larger, it is to be regarded as part of His original decree, from which point of view God did not repent, but carried out His purpose as from the beginning.
3. The Choice of David, 16:1-13.
When in chapter 13 it was said that the Lord sought Him a man after His own heart, the reference was to David. But it is not to be supposed that David was a perfect man in the natural and moral sense, for we know to the contrary. It will be found, however, that while he was a sinner like Saul, he was a regenerated sinner while Saul was not, so far as man can judge. With all his sin, David, loved God supremely, and his underlying motive was to do His will. His history, checkered as it is, establishes this fact, and the sense in which he was a man after God's own heart is seen by a comparison of his history with that of Saul.
There is nothing of difficulty in the section of Scripture now under consideration.
【삼상16:1 MHCC】It appears that Saul was grown very wicked. Of what would he not be guilty, who durst think to kill Samuel? The elders of Bethlehem trembled at Samuel's coming. It becomes us to stand in awe of God's messengers, and to tremble at his word. His answer was, I come peaceably, for I come to sacrifice. When our Lord Jesus came into the world, though men had reason to fear that his errand was to condemn the world, yet he gave full assurance that he came peaceably, for he came to sacrifice, and he brought his offering with him; A body hast thou prepared me. Let us sanctify ourselves, and depend upon His sacrifice.
【삼상16:2 JFB】2. How can I go?—This is another instance of human infirmity in Samuel. Since God had sent him on this mission, He would protect him in the execution.
I am come to sacrifice—It seems to have been customary with Samuel to do this in the different circuits to which he went, that he might encourage the worship of God.
【삼상16:3 JFB】3. call Jesse to the sacrifice—that is, the social feast that followed the peace offering. Samuel, being the offerer, had a right to invite any guest he pleased.
【삼상16:4 JFB】4. the elders of the town trembled at his coming—Beth-lehem was an obscure town, and not within the usual circuit of the judge. The elders were naturally apprehensive, therefore, that his arrival was occasioned by some extraordinary reason, and that it might entail evil upon their town, in consequence of the estrangement between Samuel and the king.
【삼상16:5 JFB】5. sanctify yourselves—by the preparations described (출19:14, 15). The elders were to sanctify themselves. Samuel himself took the greatest care in the sanctification of Jesse's family. Some, however, think that the former were invited only to join in the sacrifice, while the family of Jesse were invited by themselves to the subsequent feast.
【삼상16:6 JFB】6-10. Samuel said, Surely the Lord's anointed is before him—Here Samuel, in consequence of taking his impressions from the external appearance, falls into the same error as formerly (삼상10:24).
【삼상16:6 MHCC】It was strange that Samuel, who had been so disappointed in Saul, whose countenance and stature recommended him, should judge of another man by that rule. We can tell how men look, but God can tell what they are. He judges of men by the heart. We often form a mistaken judgment of characters; but the Lord values only the faith, fear, and love, which are planted in the heart, beyond human discernment. And God does not favour our children according to our fond partiality, but often most honours and blesses those who have been least regarded. David at length was pitched upon. He was the youngest of the sons of Jesse; his name signifies Beloved; he was a type of God's beloved Son. It should seem, David was least set by of all the sons of Jesse. But the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward. His anointing was not an empty ceremony, a Divine power went with that instituted sign; he found himself advanced in wisdom and courage, with all the qualifications of a prince, though not advanced in his outward circumstances. This would satisfy him that his election was of God. The best evidence of our being predestinated to the kingdom of glory, is, our being sealed with the Spirit of promise, and experience of a work of grace in our hearts.
【삼상16:11 JFB】삼상16:11-14. He Anoints David.
11. There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep—Jesse having evidently no idea of David's wisdom and bravery, spoke of him as the most unfit. God, in His providence, so ordered it, that the appointment of David might the more clearly appear to be a divine purpose, and not the design either of Samuel or Jesse. David having not been sanctified with the rest of his family, it is probable that he returned to his pastoral duties the moment the special business on which he had been summoned was done.
【삼상16:12 JFB】12. he was ruddy, &c.—Josephus says that David was ten, while most modern commentators are of the opinion that he must have been fifteen years of age.
【삼상16:13 JFB】13. Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him—This transaction must have been strictly private.
【삼상16:14 JFB】14-18. The Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him—His own gloomy reflections, the consciousness that he had not acted up to the character of an Israelitish king, the loss of his throne, and the extinction of his royal house, made him jealous, irritable, vindictive, and subject to fits of morbid melancholy.
【삼상16:14 MHCC】Saul is made a terror to himself. The Spirit of the Lord departed from him. If God and his grace do not rule us, sin and Satan will have possession of us. The devil, by the Divine permission, troubled and terrified Saul, by the corrupt humours of his body, and passions of his mind. He grew fretful, peevish, and discontented, and at times a madman. It is a pity that music, which may be serviceable to the good temper of the mind, should ever be abused, to support vanity and luxury, and made an occasion of drawing the heart from God and serious things. That is driving away the good Spirit, not the evil spirit. Music, diversions, company, or business, have for a time often been employed to quiet the wounded conscience; but nothing can effect a real cure but the blood of Christ, applied in faith, and the sanctifying Spirit sealing the pardon, by his holy comforts. All other plans to dispel religious melancholy are sure to add to distress, either in this world or the next.
【삼상16:19 JFB】19. Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David—In the East the command of a king is imperative; and Jesse, however reluctant and alarmed, had no alternative but to comply.
【삼상16:20 JFB】20. Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them … unto Saul—as a token of homage and respect.
【삼상16:21 JFB】21. David came to Saul—Providence thus prepared David for his destiny, by placing him in a way to become acquainted with the manners of the court, the business of government, and the general state of the kingdom.
became his armour-bearer—This choice, as being an expression of the king's partiality, shows how honorable the office was held to be.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.