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■ 이사야 45장
1. 나 여호와는 나의 기름 받은 고레스의 오른손을 잡고 열국으로 그 앞에 항복하게 하며 열왕의 허리를 풀며 성 문을 그 앞에 열어서 닫지 못하게 하리라 내가 고레스에게 이르기를
Thus saith the Lord to his anointed , to Cyrus , whose right hand I have holden , to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings , to open before him the two leaved gates ; and the gates shall not be shut ;
2. 내가 네 앞서 가서 험한 곳을 평탄케 하며 놋문을 쳐서 부수며 쇠빗장을 꺽고
I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight : I will break in pieces the gates of brass , and cut in sunder the bars of iron :
3. 네게 흑암 중의 보화와 은밀한 곳에 숨은 재물을 주어서 너로 너를 지명하여 부른 자가 나 여호와 이스라엘의 하나님인 줄 알게 하리라
And I will give thee the treasures of darkness , and hidden riches of secret places , that thou mayest know that I, the Lord , which call thee by thy name , am the God of Israel .
4. 내가 나의 종 야곱, 나의 택한 이스라엘을 위하여 너를 지명하여 불렀나니 너는 나를 알지 못하였을지라도 나는 네게 칭호를 주었노라
For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel mine elect , I have even called thee by thy name : I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me.
5. 나는 여호와라 나 외에 다른 이가 없나니 나 밖에 신이 없느니라 너는 나를 알지 못하였을지라도 나는 네 띠를 동일 것이요
I am the Lord , and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me:
6. 해 뜨는 곳에서든지 지는 곳에서든지 나 밖에 다른 이가 없는 줄을 무리로 알게 하리라 나는 여호와라 다른 이가 없느니라
That they may know from the rising of the sun , and from the west , that there is none beside me. I am the Lord , and there is none else.
7. 나는 빛도 짓고 어두움도 창조하며 나는 평안도 짓고 환난도 창조하나니 나는 여호와라 이 모든 일을 행하는 자니라 하였노라
I form the light , and create darkness : I make peace , and create evil : I the Lord do all these things.
8. 너 하늘이여 위에서부터 의로움을 비 같이 듣게 할지어다 궁창이여 의를 부어 내릴지어다 땅이여 열려서 구원을 내고 의도 함께 움돋게 할지어다 나 여호와가 이 일을 창조하였느니라
Drop down , ye heavens , from above , and let the skies pour down righteousness : let the earth open , and let them bring forth salvation , and let righteousness spring up together ; I the Lord have created it.
9. 질그릇 조각 중 한 조각 같은 자가 자기를 지으신 자로 더불어 다툴진저 화 있을진저 진흙이 토기장이를 대하여 너는 무엇을 만드느뇨 할 수 있겠으며 너의 만든 것이 너를 가리켜 그는 손이 없다 할 수 있겠느뇨
Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker ! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth . Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work , He hath no hands ?
10. 아비에게 묻기를 네가 무엇을 났느냐 어미에게 묻기를 네가 무엇을 낳으려고 구로하느냐 하는 자에게 화 있을진저
Woe unto him that saith unto his father , What begettest thou? or to the woman , What hast thou brought forth ?
11. 이스라엘의 거룩하신 자 곧 이스라엘을 지으신 여호와께서 가라사대 장래 일을 내게 물으라 또 내 아들들의 일과 내 손으로 한 일에 대하여 내게 부탁하라
Thus saith the Lord , the Holy One of Israel , and his Maker , Ask me of things to come concerning my sons , and concerning the work of my hands command ye me.
12. 내가 땅을 만들고 그 위에 사람을 창조하였으며 내가 친수로 하늘을 펴고 그 만상을 명하였노라
I have made the earth , and created man upon it: I, even my hands , have stretched out the heavens , and all their host have I commanded .
13. 내가 의로 그를 일으킨지라 그의 모든 길을 곧게 하리니 그가 나의 성읍을 건축할 것이며 나의 사로잡힌 자들을 값이나 갚음 없이 놓으리라 만군의 여호와의 말이니라 하셨느니라
I have raised him up in righteousness , and I will direct all his ways : he shall build my city , and he shall let go my captives , not for price nor reward , saith the Lord of hosts .
14. 여호와께서 말씀하시되 애굽의 수고한 것과 구스의 무역한 것과 스바의 장대한 족속들이 다 네게로 돌아와서 네게 속할 것이요 그들이 너를 따를 것이라 사슬에 매여 건너와서 네게 굴복하고 간구하기를 하나님이 과연 네게 계시고 그 외에는 다른 하나님이 없다 하리라 하시니라
Thus saith the Lord , The labour of Egypt , and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans , men of stature , shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains they shall come over , and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God .
15. 구원자 이스라엘의 하나님이여 진실로 주는 스스로 숨어 계시는 하나님이시니이다
Verily thou art a God that hidest thyself, O God of Israel , the Saviour .
16. 우상을 만드는 자는 부끄러움을 당하며 욕을 받아 다 함께 수욕 중에 들어갈 것이로되
They shall be ashamed , and also confounded , all of them: they shall go to confusion together that are makers of idols .
17. 이스라엘은 여호와께 구원을 입어 영원한 구원을 얻으리니 영세에 부끄러움을 당하거나 욕을 받지 아니하리로다
But Israel shall be saved in the Lord with an everlasting salvation : ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end .
18. 여호와는 하늘을 창조하신 하나님이시며 땅도 조성하시고 견고케 하시되 헛되이 창조치 아니하시고 사람으로 거하게 지으신 자시니라 그 말씀에 나는 여호와라 나 외에 다른 이가 없느니라
For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens ; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain , he formed it to be inhabited : I am the Lord ; and there is none else.
19. 나는 흑암한 곳에서 은밀히 말하지 아니하였으며 야곱 자손에게 너희가 나를 헛되이 찾으라 이르지 아니하였노라 나 여호와는 의를 말하고 정직을 고하느니라
I have not spoken in secret , in a dark place of the earth : I said not unto the seed of Jacob , Seek ye me in vain : I the Lord speak righteousness , I declare things that are right .
20. 열방 중에서 피난한 자들아 너희는 모여 오라 한가지로 가까이 나아 오라 나무 우상을 가지고 다니며 능히 구원치 못하는 신에게 기도하는 자들은 무지한 자니라
Assemble yourselves and come ; draw near together , ye that are escaped of the nations : they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image , and pray unto a god that cannot save .
21. 너희는 고하며 진술하고 또 피차 상의하여 보라 이 일을 이전부터 보인 자가 누구냐 예로부터 고한 자가 누구냐 나 여호와가 아니냐 나 외에 다른 신이 없나니 나는 공의를 행하며 구원을 베푸는 하나님이라 나 외에 다른 이가 없느니라
Tell ye, and bring them near ; yea, let them take counsel together : who hath declared this from ancient time ? who hath told it from that time? have not I the Lord ? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour ; there is none beside me.
22. 땅 끝의 모든 백성아 나를 앙망하라 그리하며 구원을 얻으리라 나는 하나님이라 다른 이가 없음이니라
Look unto me, and be ye saved , all the ends of the earth : for I am God , and there is none else.
23. 내가 나를 두고 맹세하기를 나의 입에서 의로운 말이 나갔은즉 돌아오지 아니하나니 내게 모든 무릎이 꿇겠고 모든 혀가 맹약하리라 하였노라
I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness , and shall not return , That unto me every knee shall bow , every tongue shall swear .
24. 어떤 자의 내게 대한 말에 의와 힘은 여호와께만 있나니 사람들은 그에게로 나아갈 것이라 무릇 그를 노하는 자는 부끄러움을 당하리라마는
Surely, shall one say , in the Lord have I righteousness and strength : even to him shall men come ; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed .
25. 이스라엘 자손은 다 여호와로 의롭다 함을 얻고 자랑하리라 하느니라 하셨느니라
In the Lord shall all the seed of Israel be justified , and shall glory .
■ 주석 보기
【사45:1 JFB】사45:1-25. The Subject of the Deliverance by Cyrus Is Followed Up.
사45:1-7. These seven verses should have been appended to previous chapter, and the new chapter should begin with 사45:8, "Drop down," &c. [Horsley]. Reference to the deliverance by Messiah often breaks out from amidst the local and temporary details of the deliverance from Babylon, as the great ultimate end of the prophecy.
1. his anointed—Cyrus is so called as being set apart as king, by God's providence, to fulfil His special purpose. Though kings were not anointed in Persia, the expression is applied to him in reference to the Jewish custom of setting apart kings to the regal office by anointing.
right hand … holden—image from sustaining a feeble person by holding his right hand (사42:6).
subdue nations—namely, the Cilicians, Syrians, Babylonians, Lydians, Bactrians, &c.; his empire extended from Egypt and the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, and from Ethiopia to the Euxine Sea.
loose … girdle loins—that is, the girdle off the loins; and so enfeeble them. The loose outer robe of the Orientals, when girt fast round the loins, was the emblem of strength and preparedness for action; ungirt, was indicative of feebleness (욥38:3; 12:21); "weakeneth the strength of the mighty" (Margin), "looseth the girdle of the strong." The joints of (Belshazzar's) loins, we read in 단5:6, were loosed during the siege by Cyrus, at the sight of the mysterious handwriting on the palace walls. His being taken by surprise, unaccoutred, is here foretold.
to open … gates—In the revelry in Babylon on the night of its capture, the inner gates, leading from the streets to the river, were left open; for there were walls along each side of the Euphrates with gates, which, had they been kept shut, would have hemmed the invading hosts in the bed of the river, where the Babylonians could have easily destroyed them. Also, the gates of the palace were left open, so that there was access to every part of the city; and such was its extent, that they who lived in the extremities were taken prisoners before the alarm reached the center of the palace. [Herodotus, 1.191].
【사45:1 CWC】[DELIVERANCE THROUGH CYRUS]
In this lesson Israel is seen prophetically in Babylon, but about to be delivered and restored. Primarily, the reference is to her restoration after the seventy years captivity, in which Cyrus, King Persia, is the instrument.
In chapter 40, the people are comforted (vv. 1-11), in the thought that God is so great they can not be forgotten (vv. 12-31). The first and second coming of Christ are blended in the first part of the chapter, and John the Baptist is the voice crying in the wilderness (눅3:1-6; 요1:23).
In chapter 41, Cyrus and his plans are predicted (vv. 1-7, but Israel is seen as God's chosen servant, and comforted in the midst of the coming turmoil (vv. 8-20). Jehovah challenges all false gods to foretell things to come, as He does (vv. 21-29).
Chapter 42 returns to the thought of the Servant of Jehovah, only now that Servant is the Lord Jesus Christ, rather than national Israel (vv. 1-4, compare with 마12:14-21). Observe His work among the Gentile nations which is still future (vv. 5-16) and the appeal to deaf and blind Israel which must be awakened before that work shall begin.
Chapters 43-45 are connected, in which God is comforting Israel. See what he is and promises to be (43:1-7); How He will chastise their enemies (vv. 8-17); the good things to come (vv. 18-20); especially the forgiveness of their sin (vv. 22-28); accompanied by an outpouring of the Holy Spirit, producing a great revival (44:1-5). Idolatry is again rebuked (vv. 6-20), the faithful are called upon to rejoice (vv. 21-23), and Cyrus is definitely named as their deliverer, between two and three hundred years before his birth (vv. 24-28). Josephus, the historian of the Jews, says, that when the attention of Cyrus was called to this fact, probably by Daniel, he was stirred to fulfill the prophecy. In chapter 45 Cyrus is first addressed (vv. 1-13), then Israel (vv. 14-17), and then the ends of the earth (vv. 18-25).
Chapters 46-47 belong together, describing the fall of Babylon under Cyrus, and yet carrying us forward to her final destruction at the end of the age (see chapter 14). Her idols are carried by beasts (46:1, 2), while Jehovah carries His people (vv. 3-7). Chapter 47 shows its application on its face.
Chapter 48 is a review of Jehovah's messages to Israel in the preceding chapters.
【사45:1 MHCC】 The deliverance of the Jews by Cyrus. (사45:1-4) God calls for obedience to his almighty power. (사45:5-10) The settlement of his people. (사45:11-19) The conversion of the Gentiles. (사45:20-25)
사45:1-4 Cyrus is called God's anointed; he was designed and qualified for his great service by the counsel of God. The gates of Babylon which led to the river, were left open the night that Cyrus marched his army into the empty channel. The Lord went before him, giving entrance to the cities he besieged. He gave him also treasures, which had been hidden in secret places. The true God was to Cyrus an unknown God; yet God foreknew him; he called him by his name. The exact fulfilment of this must have shown Cyrus that Jehovah was the only true God, and that it was for the sake of Israel that he was prospered. In all the changes of states and kingdoms, God works out the good of his church.
사45:5-10 There is no God beside Jehovah. There is nothing done without him. He makes peace, put here for all good; and creates evil, not the evil of sin, but the evil of punishment. He is the Author of all that is true, holy, good, or happy; and evil, error, and misery, came into the world by his permission, through the wilful apostacy of his creatures, but are restrained and overruled to his righteous purpose. This doctrine is applied, for the comfort of those that earnestly longed, yet quietly waited, for the redemption of Israel. The redemption of sinners by the Son of God, and the pouring out the Spirit, to give success to the gospel, are chiefly here intended. We must not expect salvation without righteousness; together the Lord hath created them. Let not oppressors oppose God's designs for his people. Let not the poor oppressed murmur, as if God dealt unkindly with them. Men are but earthen pots; they are broken potsherds, and are very much made so by mutual contentions. To contend with Him is as senseless as for clay to find fault with the potter. Let us turn God's promises into prayers, beseeching him that salvation may abound among us, and let us rest assured that the Judge of all the earth will do right.
사45:11-19 Believers may ask in prayer for what they need; if for their good, it will not be withheld. But how common to hear God called to account for his dealings with man! Cyrus provided for the returning Jews. Those redeemed by Christ shall be provided for. The restoration would convince many, and convert some; and all that truly join the Lord, find his service perfect freedom. Though God be his people's God and Saviour, yet sometimes he lays them under his frowns; but let them wait upon the Lord who hides his face. There is a world without end; and it will be well or ill with us, according as it shall be with us in that world. The Lord we serve and trust, is God alone. All that God has said is plain, satisfactory, and just. As God in his word calls us to seek him, so he never denied believing prayers, nor disappointed believing expectations. He gives grace sufficient, and comfort and satisfaction of soul.
사45:20-25 The nations are exhorted to draw near to Jehovah. None besides is able to help; he is the Saviour, who can save without the assistance of any, but without whom none can save. If the heart is brought into the obedience of Christ, the knee will cheerfully obey his commands. To Christ men shall come from every nation for blessings; all that hate his cause shall be put to shame, and all believers shall rejoice in him as their Friend and Portion. All must come to him: may we now come to him as the Lord our Righteousness, walking according to his commandments.
【사45:2 JFB】2. crooked … straight—(사40:4), rather, "maketh mountains plain" [Lowth], that is, clear out of thy way all opposing persons and things. The Keri reads as in 사45:13, "make straight" (Margin).
gates of brass—(시107:16). Herodotus (1.179) says, Babylon had a hundred massive gates, twenty-five on each of the four sides of the city, all, as well as their posts, of brass.
bars of iron—with which the gates were fastened.
【사45:3 JFB】3. treasures of darkness—that is, hidden in subterranean places; a common Oriental practice. Sorcerers pretended to be able to show where such treasures were to be found; in opposition to their pretensions, God says, He will really give hidden treasures to Cyrus (렘50:37; 51:13). Pliny (Natural History,, 33:3) says that Cyrus obtained from the conquest of Asia thirty-four thousand pounds weight of gold, besides golden vases, and five hundred thousand talents of silver, and the goblet of Semiramis, weighing fifteen talents.
that thou mayest know—namely, not merely that He was "the God of Israel," but that He was Jehovah, the true God. 스1:1, 2 shows that the correspondence of the event with the prediction had the desired effect on Cyrus.
which call … thy name—so long before designate thee by name (사43:1).
【사45:4 JFB】4. (See on 사41:8; 사43:14).
surnamed—that is, designated to carry out My design of restoring Judah (see on 사44:5; 사44:28; 사45:1). Maurer here, as in 사44:5, translates, "I have addressed thee by an honorable name."
hast not known me—previous to My calling thee to this office; after God's call, Cyrus did know Him in some degree (스1:1-3).
【사45:5 JFB】5. (사42:8; 43:3, 11; 44:8; 46:9).
girded thee—whereas "I will loose (the girdle off) the loins of kings" (사45:1), strengthening thee, but enfeebling them before thee.
though … not known me—(사45:4). God knows His elect before they are made to know Him (갈4:9; 요15:16).
【사45:6 JFB】6. From the rising to the setting of the sun, that is, from east to west, the whole habitable world. It is not said, "from north to south," for that would not imply the habitable world, as, "from east to west" does (스1:1, &c.). The conquest of Jerusalem by Babylon, the capital of the world, and the overthrow of Babylon and restoration of the Jews by Cyrus, who expressly acknowledged himself to be but the instrument in God's hands, were admirably suited to secure, throughout the world, the acknowledgment of Jehovah as the only true God.
【사45:7 JFB】7. form … create—yatzar, to give "form" to previously existing matter. Bara, to "create" from nothing the chaotic dark material.
light … darkness—literally (창1:1-3), emblematical also, prosperity to Cyrus, calamity to Babylon and the nations to be vanquished [Grotius] … Isaiah refers also to the Oriental belief in two coexistent, eternal principles, ever struggling with each other, light or good, and darkness or evil, Oromasden and Ahrimanen. God, here, in opposition, asserts His sovereignty over both [Vitringa].
create evil—not moral evil (약1:13), but in contrast to "peace" in the parallel clause, war, disaster (compare 시65:7; 암3:6).
【사45:8 JFB】8. Drop—namely, the fertilizing rain (시65:12).
skies—clouds; lower than the "heavens."
righteousness—that is, the dews of the Holy Spirit, whereby "righteousness" shall "spring up." (See latter end of the verse).
earth—figuratively for the hearts of men on it, opened for receiving the truth by the Holy Ghost (행16:14).
them—the earth and the heavens. Horsley prefers: "Let the earth open, and let salvation and justice grow forth; let it bring them forth together; I the Lord have created him" (사45:13). Maurer translates, "Let all kinds of salvation (prosperity) be fruitful" (시72:3, 6, 7). The revival of religion after the return from Babylon suggests to the prophet the diffusion of Messiah's Gospel, especially in days still future; hence the elevation of the language to a pitch above what is applicable to the state of religion after the return.
【사45:9 JFB】9. Anticipating the objections which the Jews might raise as to why God permitted their captivity, and when He did restore them, why He did so by a foreign prince, Cyrus, not a Jew (사40:27, &c.), but mainly and ultimately, the objections about to be raised by the Jews against God's sovereign act in adopting the whole Gentile world as His spiritual Israel (사45:8, referring to this catholic diffusion of the Gospel), as if it were an infringement of their nation's privileges; so Paul expressly quotes it (롬9:4-8, 11-21).
Let … strive—Not in the Hebrew; rather, in apposition with "him," "A potsherd among the potsherds of the earth!" A creature fragile and worthless as the fragment of an earthen vessel, among others equally so, and yet presuming to strive with his Maker! English Version implies, it is appropriate for man to strive with man, in opposition to 딤후2:24 [Gesenius].
thy … He—shall thy work say of thee, He … ?
【사45:10 JFB】10. If it be wrong for a child, born in less favorable circumstances, to upbraid his parents with having given him birth, a fortiori, it is, to upbraid God for His dealings with us. Rather translate, "a father … a woman." The Jews considered themselves exclusively God's children and were angry that God should adopt the Gentiles besides. Woe to him who says to one already a father, Why dost thou beget other children? [Horsley].
【사45:11 JFB】11. Ask … command—Instead of striving with Me in regard to My purposes, your wisdom is in prayer to ask, and even command Me, in so far as it is for My glory, and for your real good (막11:24; 요16:23, 13, latter part of the verse; 요일3:22).
sons—(사54:13; 갈3:26).
work of my hands—spiritually (엡2:10); also literal Israel (사60:21). Maurer translates, instead of "command," Leave it to Me, in My dealings concerning My sons and concerning the work of My hands, to do what I will with My own. Lowth reads it interrogatively, Do ye presume to question Me and dictate to Me (see 사45:9, 10)? The same sense is given, if the words be taken in irony. But English Version is best.
【사45:12 JFB】12. The same argument for prayer, drawn from God's omnipotence and consequent power, to grant any request, occurs in 사40:26-31.
I, even my hands—so Hebrew (시41:2), "Thou … thy hand" (both nominatives, in apposition).
【사45:13 JFB】13. him—Cyrus, type of Messiah, who redeems the captives of Satan "without money and without price" (사55:1), "freely" (gratuitously) (사52:3; 61:1; Z전9:11; 롬3:24).
in righteousness—to fulfil My righteous purpose (see on 사41:2; 사42:6; 렘23:6).
【사45:14 JFB】14. The language but cursorily alludes to Egypt, Ethiopia, and Seba, being given to Cyrus as a ransom in lieu of Israel whom he restored (사43:3), but mainly and fully describes the gathering in of the Gentiles to Israel (행2:10, 11; 8:27-38), especially at Israel's future restoration (사2:2; 14:1, 2; 19:18-22; 60:3-14; 49:23; 시68:31; 72:10, 11).
labour—wealth acquired by labor (렘3:24).
Sabeans … of stature—the men of Meroe, in Upper Egypt. Herodotus (3.30) calls the Ethiopians "the tallest of men" (see on 사18:2; 대상11:23).
thee—Jerusalem ("my city," 사45:13).
in chains—(시149:8). "The saints shall judge the world" (고전6:2) and "rule the nations with a rod of iron" (Z전14:12-19; 계2:26, 27). The "chains," in the case of the obedient, shall be the easy yoke of Messiah; as "the sword of the Spirit" also is saving to the believer, condemnatory to the unbeliever (요12:48; 히4:12; 계19:15).
God is in thee—(렘3:19).
【사45:15 JFB】15. God that hidest thyself—Horsley, after Jerome, explains this as the confession of Egypt, &c., that God is concealed in human form in the person of Jesus. Rather, connected with 사45:9, 10, the prophet, contemplating the wonderful issue of the seemingly dark counsels of God, implies a censure on those who presume to question God's dealings (사55:8, 9; 신29:29). Faith still discerns, even under the veil, the covenant-keeping "God of Israel, the Saviour" (사8:17).
【사45:16 JFB】16. ashamed—"disappointed" in their expectation of help from their idols (see on 사42:17; Psalm 97. 7).
【사45:17 JFB】17. in the Lord—(사45:24, 25), contrasted with the idols which cannot give even temporary help (사45:16); in Jehovah there is everlasting salvation (사26:4).
not … ashamed—opposed to the doom of the idolaters, who, in the hour of need, shall be "ashamed" (see on 사45:16).
【사45:18 JFB】18. (See on 사45:12).
not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited—Therefore, Judah, lying waste during the Babylonish captivity, shall be peopled again by the exiles. The Jews, from this passage, infer that, after the resurrection, the earth shall be inhabited, for there can be no reason why the earth should then exist in vain any more than now (벧후3:13).
【사45:19 JFB】19. not … secret—not like the heathen oracles which gave their responses from dark caverns, with studied obscurity (사48:16). Christ plainly quotes these words, thereby identifying Himself with Jehovah (요18:20).
I said not … Seek … in vain—When I commanded you to seek Me (Jehovah did so, 사45:11, "Ask Me," &c.), it was not in order that ye might be sent empty away (신32:47). Especially in Israel's time of trial, God's interposition, in behalf of Zion hereafter, is expressly stated as about to be the answer to prayer (사62:6, 7-10; 시102:13-17, 19-21). So in the case of all believers, the spiritual Israel.
righteousness—that which is veracious: not in the equivocal terms of heathen responses, fitly symbolized by the "dark places" from which they were uttered.
right—true (see on 사41:26).
【사45:20 JFB】20. escaped of the nations—those of the nations who shall have escaped the slaughter inflicted by Cyrus. Now, at last, ye shall see the folly of "praying to a god that cannot save" (사45:16). Ultimately, those that shall be "left of all the nations which shall come against Jerusalem" are meant (Z전14:16). They shall then all be converted to the Lord (사66:23, 24; 렘3:17; Z전8:20-23).
【사45:21 JFB】21. Challenge the worshippers of idols (사41:1).
take counsel together—as to the best arguments wherewith to defend the cause of idolatry.
who … from that time—(사41:22, 23; see on 사44:8). Which of the idols has done what God hath, namely, foretold, primarily as to Cyrus; ultimately as to the final restoration of Israel hereafter? The idolatry of Israel before Cyrus' time will have its counterpart in the Antichrist and the apostasy, which shall precede Christ's manifestation.
just … and … Saviour—righteous in keeping His promises, and therefore a Saviour to His people. Not only is it not inconsistent with, but it is the result of, His righteousness, or justice, that He should save His redeemed (사42:6, 21; 시85:10, 11; 롬3:26).
【사45:22 JFB】22. Look … and be ye saved—The second imperative expresses the result which will follow obedience to the first (창42:18); ye shall be saved (요3:14, 15). 민21:9: "If a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass he lived." What so simple as a look? Not do something, but look to the Saviour (행16:30, 31). Believers look by faith, the eye of the soul. The look is that of one turning (see Margin) to God, as at once "Just and the Saviour" (사45:21), that is, the look of conversion (시22:27).
【사45:23 JFB】23. sworn by myself—equivalent to, "As I live," as 롬14:11 quotes it. So 민14:21. God could swear by no greater, therefore He swears by Himself (히6:13, 16).
word … in righteousness—rather, "the truth (see on 사45:19) is gone forth from My mouth, the word (of promise), and it shall not return (that is, which shall not be revoked)" [Lowth]. But the accents favor English Version.
tongue … swear—namely, an oath of allegiance to God as their true King (see on 사19:18; 사65:16). Yet to be fulfilled (Z전14:9).
【사45:24 JFB】24. Rather, "Only in Jehovah shall men say of me (this clause is parenthetical), is there righteousness" (which includes salvation,사45:21, "a just God and a Saviour," 사46:13), &c. [Maurer].
strength—namely, to save.
shall men come—Those who have set themselves up against God shall come to Him in penitence for the past (사19:22).
ashamed—(사45:16; 사54:17; 41:11).
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