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■ 이사야 29장
1. 슬프다 아리엘이여 아리엘이여 다윗의 진 친 성읍이여 연부년 절기가 돌아오려니와
Woe to Ariel , to Ariel , the city where David dwelt ! add ye year to year ; let them kill sacrifices .
2. 내가 필경 너 아리엘을 괴롭게 하리니 네가 슬퍼하고 애곡하며 내게 아리엘과 같이 되리라
Yet I will distress Ariel , and there shall be heaviness and sorrow : and it shall be unto me as Ariel .
3. 내가 너를 사면으로 둘러 진을 치며 군대로 너를 에우며 대를 쌓아 너를 치리니
And I will camp against thee round about , and will lay siege against thee with a mount , and I will raise forts against thee.
4. 네가 낮아져서 땅에서 말하며 네 말소리가 나직히 티끌에서 날 것이라 네 목소리가 신접한 자의 목소리 같이 땅에서 나며 네 말소리가 티끌에서 지꺼리리라
And thou shalt be brought down , and shalt speak out of the ground , and thy speech shall be low out of the dust , and thy voice shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit , out of the ground , and thy speech shall whisper out of the dust .
5. 그럴지라도 네 대적의 무리는 세미한 티끌 같겠고 강포한 자의 무리는 불려가는 겨 같으리니 그 일이 경각간에 갑자기 이룰 것이라
Moreover the multitude of thy strangers shall be like small dust , and the multitude of the terrible ones shall be as chaff that passeth away : yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly .
6. 만군의 여호와께서 벽력과 지진과 큰소리와 회리바람과 폭풍과 맹렬한 불꽃으로 그들을 징벌하실 것인즉
Thou shalt be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder , and with earthquake , and great noise , with storm and tempest , and the flame of devouring fire .
7. 아리엘을 치는 열방의 무리 곧 아리엘과 그 보장을 쳐서 곤고케 하는 모든 자는 꿈 같이, 밤의 환상 같이 되리니
And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel , even all that fight against her and her munition , and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision .
8. 주린 자가 꿈에 먹었을지라도 깨면 그 속은 여전히 비고 목마른 자가 꿈에 마셨을지라도 깨면 곤비하며 그 속에 갈증이 있는 것 같이 시온산을 치는 열방의 무리가 그와 같으리라
It shall even be as when an hungry man dreameth , and, behold, he eateth ; but he awaketh , and his soul is empty : or as when a thirsty man dreameth , and, behold, he drinketh ; but he awaketh , and, behold, he is faint , and his soul hath appetite : so shall the multitude of all the nations be, that fight against mount Zion .
9. 너희는 놀라고 놀라라 너희는 소경이 되고 소경이 되라 그들의 취함이 포도주로 인함이 아니며 그들의 비틀거림이 독주로 인함이 아니라
Stay yourselves, and wonder ; cry ye out , and cry : they are drunken , but not with wine ; they stagger , but not with strong drink .
10. 대저 여호와께서 깊이 잠들게 하는 신을 너희에게 부어주사 너희의 눈을 감기셨음이니 눈은 선지자요 너희를 덮으셨음이니 머리는 선견자라
For the Lord hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep , and hath closed your eyes : the prophets and your rulers , the seers hath he covered .
11. 그러므로 모든 묵시가 너희에게는 마치 봉한 책의 말이라 그것을 유식한 자에게 주며 이르기를 그대에게 청하노니 이를 읽으라 하면 대답하기를 봉하였으니 못하겠노라 할 것이요
And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed , which men deliver to one that is learned , saying , Read this, I pray thee: and he saith , I cannot ; for it is sealed :
12. 또 무식한 자에게 주며 이르기를 그대에게 청하노니 이를 읽으라 하면 대답하기를 나는 무식하다 할 것이니라
And the book is delivered to him that is not learned , saying , Read this, I pray thee: and he saith , I am not learned .
13. 주께서 가라사대 이 백성이 입으로는 나를 가까이하며 입술로는 나를 존경하나 그 마음은 내게서 멀리 떠났나니 그들이 나를 경외함은 사람의 계명으로 가르침을 받았을 뿐이라
Wherefore the Lord said , Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth , and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men :
14. 그러므로 내가 이 백성 중에 기이한 일 곧 기이하고 가장 기이한 일을 다시 행하리니 그들 중의 지혜자의 지혜가 없어지고 명철자의 총명이 가리워지리라
Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people , even a marvellous work and a wonder : for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish , and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid .
15. 화 있을진저 자기의 도모를 여호와께 깊이 숨기려하는 자여 그 일을 어두운데서 행하며 이르기를 누가 우리를 보랴 누가 우리를 알랴 하니
Woe unto them that seek deep to hide their counsel from the Lord , and their works are in the dark , and they say , Who seeth us? and who knoweth us?
16. 너희의 패리함이 심하도다 토기장이를 어찌 진흙 같이 여기겠느냐 지음을 받은 물건이 어찌 자기를 지은 자에 대하여 이르기를 그가 나를 짓지 아니하였다 하겠으며 빚음을 받은 물건이 자기를 빚은 자에 대하여 이르기를 그가 총명이 없다 하겠느냐
Surely your turning of things upside down shall be esteemed as the potter’s clay : for shall the work say of him that made it, He made me not? or shall the thing framed say of him that framed it, He had no understanding ?
17. 미구에 레바논이 기름진 밭으로 변하지 않겠으며 기름진 밭이 삼림으로 여김이 되지 않겠느냐
Is it not yet a very little while , and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field , and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest ?
18. 그 날에 귀머거리가 책의 말을 들을 것이며 어둡고 캄캄한 데서 소경의 눈이 볼 것이며
And in that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book , and the eyes of the blind shall see out of obscurity , and out of darkness .
19. 겸손한 자가 여호와를 인하여 기쁨이 더하겠고 사람 중 빈핍한 자가 이스라엘의 거룩하신 자를 인하여 즐거워하리니
The meek also shall increase their joy in the Lord , and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel .
20. 이는 강포한 자가 소멸되었으며 경만한 자가 그쳤으며 죄악의 기회를 엿보던 자가 다 끊어졌음이라
For the terrible one is brought to nought , and the scorner is consumed , and all that watch for iniquity are cut off :
21. 그들은 송사에 사람에게 죄를 입히며 성문에서 판단하는 자를 올무로 잡듯하며 헛된 일로 의인을 억울케 하느니라
That make a man an offender for a word , and lay a snare for him that reproveth in the gate , and turn aside the just for a thing of nought .
22. 그러므로 아브라함을 구속하신 여호와께서 야곱 족속에 대하여 말씀하시되 야곱이 이제부터는 부끄러워 아니하겠고 그 얼굴이 이제부터는 실색하지 아니할 것이며
Therefore thus saith the Lord , who redeemed Abraham , concerning the house of Jacob , Jacob shall not now be ashamed , neither shall his face now wax pale .
23. 그 자손은 나의 손으로 그 가운데서 행한 것을 볼 때에 내 이름을 거룩하다 하며 야곱의 거룩한 자를 거룩하다 하며 이스라엘의 하나님을 경외할 것이며
But when he seeth his children , the work of mine hands , in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name , and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob , and shall fear the God of Israel .
24. 마음이 혼미하던 자도 총명하게 되며 원망하던 자도 교훈을 받으리라 하셨느니라
They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding , and they that murmured shall learn doctrine .
■ 주석 보기
【사29:1 JFB】사29:1-24. Coming Invasion of Jerusalem: Its Failure: Unbelief of the Jews.
This chapter opens the series of prophecies as to the invasion of Judea under Sennacherib, and its deliverance.
1. Ariel—Jerusalem; Ariel means "Lion of God," that is, city rendered by God invincible: the lion is emblem of a mighty hero (삼하23:20). Otherwise "Hearth of God," that is, place where the altar-fire continually burns to God (사31:9; 겔43:15, 16).
add … year to year—ironically; suffer one year after another to glide on in the round of formal, heartless "sacrifices." Rather, "add yet another year" to the one just closed [Maurer]. Let a year elapse and a little more (사32:10, Margin).
let … kill sacrifices—rather, "let the beasts (of another year) go round" [Maurer]; that is, after the completion of a year "I will distress Ariel."
【사29:1 CWC】[JUDAH AND EGYPT]
These chapters make a unit since, with the exception of the opening part of chapter 28, they chiefly deal with Judah's futile alliance with Egypt.
Chapter 28.
Israel, or the kingdom of the ten tribes, is addressed under the name of her leading tribe "Ephraim" (v. 1). Her great sin is strong drink. "The head of the fat valley" is Samaria the capitol, which is soon to be overthrown by the Assyrians (vv. 2-4). Observe, however, the usual forecast of the end of the age and the coming deliverance and triumph of the faithful remnant (v. 5). This is a parallel to what we have seen in so many instances hitherto.
At verse 14, Jerusalem rather than Samaria, is addressed, Judah rather than Israel. The end of the age is in mind and the covenant with the Antichrist at that time (compare v. 15 with Dan. 9, especially v. 27). The Messiah is seen coming in judgment, and destroying the power of the Antichrist (compare 2 Thess. 2).
Chapter 29.
"Ariel," which means "the lion of God," is one of the names of Jerusalem (vv. 1-2). A siege is predicted (vv. 3-6), and while this may primarily refer either to that of the Assyrians under Sennacherib, or the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar, yet before the close of the chapter, the time of blessing portrayed for Judah shows a further fulfillment in the last siege of the united Gentile nations under the Antichrist. Again we find the parallel to earlier chapters, especially 10, and an illustration of the law of recurrence. Read also Daniel 11, 미4:11; 5:4-15, and Zechariah, chapters 12-14.
Chapter 30.
When Jerusalem was besieged by Sennacherib, and later by Nebuchadnezzar, she sought aid from Egypt, her natural ally, because of her proximity, but also because Egypt was Assyria's and Babylon's natural rival for world power. This was contrary to the divine will, for Judah should have trusted in God. Egypt's aid on both occasions was to no purpose as other Scriptures show, and the whole circumstance is typical of the end of the age. When, in that day, Jerusalem for the last time shall be besieged by the Gentile nations, again will her hope turn to the world which Egypt represents, and in vain. All this is set before us in what follows. We have (1) the alliance and its failure (vv. 1-7); (2) the nation warned but to no purpose (vv. 8-17); (3) the customary encouragement to the faithful remnant (vv. 18-21); (4) all of which is to be accomplished by the return of the Lord (vv. 22-23).
Chapter 31.
The alliance with Egypt is again condemned (vv. 1-3), and is quite unnecessary in view of Jehovah's purpose towards His faithful people in that day (vv. 4-9). It must be clear that these latter verses refer to the future since no such defence of Jerusalem by Jehovah has yet taken place.
Chapter 32.
The connection with the preceding is close. There Jehovah, the second person of the Trinity, is seen interposing on behalf of Judah, and here He is seen actually reigning over her in the millennial period following. Jesus Christ is this King (v. 1). Millennial blessings are portrayed (vv. 2-5). The Holy Spirit is poured out, and peace ensues (vv. 15-20). Read Joel 2.
Chapter 33.
Practically the same ground is covered here as in the preceding chapters. Judgment is pronounced on the enemy (v. 1); the prayer of the faithful remnant is heard (vv. 2-6); the judgment is seen in execution (vv. 7-12); the faithful are dwelling in safety and beholding the King in His beauty (vv. 13-24).
Chapter 34.
This is a parallel to chapter 24, and one of the darkest chapters in the Bible, describing a judgment world-wide. The indignation of God is upon all the nations and their armies, an enlargement of that spoken of upon the Assyrian, and of which that was a type (compare 살후1:5-10).
Chapter 35.
After these judgments, blessing and glory are resting upon Judah. Evidently the millennium is once more pictured here.
【사29:1 MHCC】 Judgements on Jerusalem and on its enemies. (사29:1-8) The senselessness and hypocrisy of the Jews. (사29:9-16) The conversion of the Gentiles, and future blessings for the Jews. (사29:17-24)
사29:1-8 Ariel may signify the altar of burnt-offerings. Let Jerusalem know that outward religious services will not make men free from judgements. Hypocrites never can please God, nor make their peace with him. God had often and long, by a host of angels, encamped round about Jerusalem for protection and deliverance; but now he fought against it. Proud looks and proud language shall be brought down by humbling providences. The destruction of Jerusalem's enemies is foretold. The army of Sennacherib went as a dream; and thus the multitudes, that through successive ages fight against God's altar and worship, shall fall. Speedily will sinners awake from their soothing dreams in the pains of hell.
사29:9-16 The security of sinners in sinful ways, is cause for lamentation and wonder. The learned men, through prejudice, said that the Divine prophecies were obscure; and the poor urged their want of learning. The Bible is a sealed book to every man, learned or unlearned, till he begins to study it with a simple heart and a teachable spirit, that he may thence learn the truth and the will of God. To worship God, is to approach him. And if the heart be full of his love and fear, out of the abundance of it the mouth will speak; but there are many whose religion is lip-labour only. When they pretend to be speaking to God, they are thinking of a thousand foolish things. They worship the God of Israel according to their own devices. Numbers are only formal in worship. And their religion is only to comply with custom, and to serve their own interest. But the wanderings of mind, and defects in devotion, which are the believer's burden, are very different from the withdrawing of the heart from God, so severely blamed. And those who make religion no more than a pretence, to serve a turn, deceive themselves. And as those that quarrel with God, so those that think to conceal themselves from him, in effect charge him with folly. But all their perverse conduct shall be entirely done away.
사29:17-24 The wonderful change here foretold, may refer to the affairs of Judah, though it looks further. When a great harvest of souls was gathered to Christ from among the Gentiles, then the wilderness was turned into a fruitful field; and the Jewish church, that had long been a fruitful field, became as a deserted forest. Those who, when in trouble, can truly rejoice in God, shall soon have cause greatly to rejoice in him. The grace of meekness contributes to the increase of our holy joy. The enemies who were powerful shall become mean and weak. To complete the repose of God's people, the scorners at home shall be cut off by judgements. All are apt to speak unadvisedly, and to mistake what they hear, but it is very unfair to make a man an offender for a word. They did all they could to bring those into trouble who told them of their faults. But He that redeemed Abraham out of his snares and troubles, will redeem those who are, by faith, his true seed, out of theirs. It will be the greatest comfort to godly parents to see their children renewed creatures, the work of God's grace. May those who now err in spirit, and murmur against the truth, come to understanding, and learn true doctrine. The Spirit of truth shall set right their mistakes, and lead them into all truth. This should encourage us to pray for those that have erred, and are deceived. All who murmured at the truths of God, as hard sayings, shall learn and be aware what God designed in all. See the change religion produces in the hearts of men, and the peace and pleasure of a humble and devout spirit.
【사29:2 JFB】2. Yet—rather, "Then."
heaviness … sorrow—rather, preserving the Hebrew paronomasia, "groaning" and "moaning."
as Ariel—either, "the city shall be as a lion of God," that is, it shall emerge from its dangers unvanquished; or "it shall be as the altar of burnt offering," consuming with fire the besiegers (사29:6; 사30:30; 31:9; 레10:2); or best, as 사29:3 continues the threat, and the promise of deliverance does not come till 사29:4, "it shall be like a hearth of burning," that is, a scene of devastation by fire [G. V. Smith]. The prophecy, probably, contemplates ultimately, besides the affliction and deliverance in Sennacherib's time, the destruction of Jerusalem by Rome, the dispersion of the Jews, their restoration, the destruction of the enemies that besiege the city (Z전14:2), and the final glory of Israel (사29:17-24).
【사29:3 JFB】3. I—Jehovah, acting through the Assyrian, &c., His instruments (사10:5).
mount—an artificial mound formed to out-top high walls (사37:33); else a station, namely, of warriors, for the siege.
round about—not fully realized under Sennacherib, but in the Roman siege (Lu 19:43; 21:20).
forts—siege-towers (신20:20).
【사29:4 JFB】4. Jerusalem shall be as a captive, humbled to the dust. Her voice shall come from the earth as that of the spirit-charmers or necromancers (사8:19), faint and shrill, as the voice of the dead was supposed to be. Ventriloquism was doubtless the trick caused to make the voice appear to come from the earth (사19:3). An appropriate retribution that Jerusalem, which consulted necromancers, should be made like them!
【사29:5 JFB】5. Moreover—rather, "Yet"; yet in this extremity help shall come, and the enemy be scattered.
strangers—foreign enemies, invaders (사25:2).
it shall be—namely, the destruction of the enemy.
at an instant—in a moment (사30:23).
【사29:6 JFB】6. Thou—the Assyrian army.
thunder, &c.—not literally, in the case of the Assyrians (사37:36); but figuratively for an awful judgment (사30:30; 28:17). The ulterior fulfilment, in the case of the Jews' foes in the last days, may be more literal (see as to "earthquake," Z전14:4).
【사29:7 JFB】7. munition—fortress.
【사29:8 JFB】8. Their disappointment in the very height of their confident expectation of taking Jerusalem shall be as great as that of the hungry man who in a dream fancies he eats, but awakes to hunger still (시73:20); their dream shall be dissipated on the fatal morning (사37:36).
soul—simply his appetite: he is still thirsty.
【사29:9 JFB】9. Stay—rather, "Be astounded"; expressing the stupid and amazed incredulity with which the Jews received Isaiah's announcement.
wonder—The second imperative, as often (사8:9), is a threat; the first is a simple declaration of a fact, "Be astounded, since you choose to be so, at the prophecy, soon you will be amazed at the sight of the actual event" [Maurer].
cry … out … cry—rather, "Be ye blinded (since you choose to be so, though the light shines all round you), and soon ye shall be blinded" in good earnest to your sorrow [Maurer], (사6:9, 10).
not with wine—but with spiritual paralysis (사51:17, 21).
ye … they—The change from speaking to, to speaking of them, intimates that the prophet turns away from them to a greater distance, because of their stupid unbelief.
【사29:10 JFB】10. Jehovah gives them up judicially to their own hardness of heart (compare Z전14:13). Quoted by Paul, with variations from the Septuagint,롬11:8. See 사6:10; 시69:23.
eyes; the prophets, &c.—rather, "hath closed your eyes, the prophets; and your heads (Margin; see also 사3:2), the seers, He hath covered." The Orientals cover the head to sleep; thus "covered" is parallel to "closed your eyes" (유4:19). Covering the face was also preparatory to execution (에7:8). This cannot apply to the time when Isaiah himself prophesied, but to subsequent times.
【사29:11 JFB】11. of all—rather, "the whole vision." "Vision" is the same here as "revelation," or "law"; in 사28:15, the same Hebrew word is translated, "covenant" [Maurer].
sealed—(사8:16), God seals up the truth so that even the learned, because they lack believing docility, cannot discern it (마13:10-17; 11:25). Prophecy remained comparatively a sealed volume (단12:4, 9), until Jesus, who "alone is worthy," "opened the seals" (계5:1-5, 9; 6:1).
【사29:12 JFB】12. The unlearned succeed no better than the learned, not from want of human learning, as they fancy, but from not having the teaching of God (사54:13; 렘31:34; 요6:45; 고전2:7-10; 요일2:20).
【사29:13 JFB】13. precept of men—instead of the precepts of God, given by His prophets; also worship external, and by rule, not heartfelt as God requires (요4:24). Compare Christ's quotation of this verse from the Septuagint.
【사29:14 JFB】14. (합1:5; 행13:41). The "marvellous work" is one of unparalleled vengeance on the hypocrites: compare "strange work," 사28:21. The judgment, too, will visit the wise in that respect in which they most pride themselves; their wisdom shall be hid, that is, shall no longer appear, so as to help the nation in its distress (compare 고전1:19).
【사29:15 JFB】15. seek deep to hide—rather, "That seek to hide deeply," &c. (compare 사30:1, 2). The reference is to the secret plan which many of the Jewish nobles had of seeking Egyptian aid against Assyria, contrary to the advice of Isaiah. At the same time the hypocrite in general is described, who, under a plausible exterior, tries to hide his real character, not only from men, but even from God.
【사29:16 JFB】16. Rather, "Ah! your perverseness! just as if the potter should be esteemed as the clay!" [Maurer]. Or, "Ye invert (turn upside down) the order of things, putting yourselves instead of God," and vice versa, just as if the potter should be esteemed as the clay [Horsley], (사45:9; 64:8).
【사29:17 JFB】17. turned—as contrasted with your "turnings of things upside down" (사29:16), there shall be other and better turnings or revolutions; the outpouring of the Spirit in the latter days (사32:15); first on the Jews; which shall be followed by their national restoration (see on 사29:2; Z전12:10) then on the Gentiles (Joe 2:28).
fruitful field—literally, "a Carmel" (see on 사10:18). The moral change in the Jewish nation shall be as great as if the wooded Lebanon were to become a fruitful field, and vice versa. Compare 마11:12, Greek: "the kingdom of heaven forces itself," as it were, on man's acceptance; instead of men having to seek Messiah, as they had John, in a desert, He presents Himself before them with loving invitations; thus men's hearts, once a moral desert, are reclaimed so as to bear fruits of righteousness: vice versa, the ungodly who seemed prosperous, both in the moral and literal sense, shall be exhibited in their real barrenness.
【사29:18 JFB】18. deaf … blind—(Compare 마11:5). The spiritually blind, &c., are chiefly meant; "the book," as Revelation is called pre-eminently, shall be no longer "sealed," as is described (사29:11), but the most unintelligent shall hear and see (사35:5).
【사29:19 JFB】19. meek—rather, the afflicted godly: the idea is, virtuous suffering (사61:1; 시25:9; 37:11) [Barnes].
poor among men—that is, the poorest of men, namely, the pious poor.
rejoice—when they see their oppressors punished (사29:20, 21), and Jehovah exhibited as their protector and rewarder (사29:22-24; 사41:17; 약2:5).
【사29:20 JFB】20. terrible—namely, the persecutors among the Jewish nobles.
scorner—(사28:14, 22).
watch for—not only commit iniquity, but watch for opportunities of committing it, and make it their whole study (see 미2:1; 마26:59; 27:1).
【사29:21 JFB】21. Rather, "Who make a man guilty in his cause" [Gesenius], that is, unjustly condemn him. "A man" is in the Hebrew a poor man, upon whom such unjust condemnations might be practiced with more impunity than on the rich; compare 사29:19, "the meek … the poor."
him that reproveth—rather, "pleadeth"; one who has a suit at issue.
gate—the place of concourse in a city, where courts of justice were held (룻4:11; 잠31:23; 암5:10, 12).
just—one who has a just cause; or, Jesus Christ, "the Just One" [Horsley].
for a thing of naught—rather, "through falsehood," "by a decision that is null in justice" [Barnes]. Compare as to Christ, 잠28:21; 마26:15; 행3:13, 14; 8:33.
【사29:22 JFB】22. Join "saith … concerning the house of Jacob."
redeemed—out of Ur, a land of idolaters (수24:3).
not now—After the moral revolution described (사29:17), the children of Jacob shall no longer give cause to their forefathers to blush for them.
wax pale—with shame and disappointment at the wicked degeneracy of his posterity, and fear as to their punishment.
【사29:23 JFB】23. But—rather, "For."
he—Jacob.
work of mine hands—spiritually, as well as physically (사19:25; 60:21; 엡2:10). By Jehovah's agency Israel shall be cleansed of its corruptions, and shall consist wholly of pious men (사54:13, 14; 2:1; 60:21).
midst of him—that is, his land. Or else "His children" are the Gentiles adopted among the Israelites, his lineal descendants (롬9:26; 엡3:6) [Horsley].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.