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■ 이사야 28장
1. 취한 자 에브라임의 교만한 면류관이여 화 있을진저 술에 빠진 자의 성 곧 영화로운 관 같이 기름진 골짜기 꼭대기에 세운 성이여 쇠잔해가는 꽃 같으니 화 있을진저
Woe to the crown of pride , to the drunkards of Ephraim , whose glorious beauty is a fading flower , which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine !
2. 보라 주께 있는 강하고 힘 있는 자가 쏟아지는 우박 같이, 파괴하는 광풍 같이, 큰 물의 창일함 같이 손으로 그 면류관을 땅에 던지리니
Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one , which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm , as a flood of mighty waters overflowing , shall cast down to the earth with the hand .
3. 에브라임의 취한 자의 교만한 면류관이 발에 밟힐 것이라
The crown of pride , the drunkards of Ephraim , shall be trodden under feet :
4. 그 기름진 골짜기 꼭대기에 있는 그 영화의 쇠잔해 가는 꽃이 여름 전에 처음 익은 무화과와 같으니 보는 자가 그것을 보고 얼른 따서 먹으리로다
And the glorious beauty , which is on the head of the fat valley , shall be a fading flower , and as the hasty fruit before the summer ; which when he that looketh upon it seeth , while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up .
5. 그 날에 만군의 여호와께서 그 남은 백성에게 영화로운 면류관이 되시며 아름다운 화관이 되실 것이라
In that day shall the Lord of hosts be for a crown of glory , and for a diadem of beauty , unto the residue of his people ,
6. 재판석에 앉은 자에게는 판결하는 신이 되시며 성문에서 싸움을 물리치는 자에게는 힘이 되시리로다마는
And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment , and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate .
7. 이 유다 사람들도 포도주로 인하여 옆걸음 치며 독주로 인하여 비틀거리며 제사장과 선지자도 독주로 인하여 옆걸음 치며 포도주에 빠지며 독주로 인하여 비틀거리며 이상을 그릇 풀며 재판할 때에 실수하나니
But they also have erred through wine , and through strong drink are out of the way ; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink , they are swallowed up of wine , they are out of the way through strong drink ; they err in vision , they stumble in judgment .
8. 모든 상에는 토한 것 더러운 것이 가득하고 깨끗한 곳이 없도다
For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness , so that there is no place clean.
9. 그들이 이르기를 그가 뉘게 지식을 가르치며 뉘게 도를 전하여 깨닫게 하려는가 젖 떨어져 품을 떠난 자들에게 하려는가
Whom shall he teach knowledge ? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine ? them that are weaned from the milk , and drawn from the breasts .
10. 대저 경계에 경계를 더하며 경계에 경계를 더하며 교훈에 교훈을 더하며 교훈에 교훈을 더하되 여기서도 조금, 저기서도 조금 하는구나 하는도다
For precept must be upon precept , precept upon precept ; line upon line , line upon line ; here a little , and there a little :
11. 그러므로 생소한 입술과 다른 방언으로 이 백성에게 말씀하시리라
For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people .
12. 전에 그들에게 이르시기를 이것이 너희 안식이요 이것이 너희 상쾌함이니 너희는 곤비한 자에게 안식을 주라 하셨으나 그들이 듣지 아니하였으므로
To whom he said , This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest ; and this is the refreshing : yet they would not hear .
13. 여호와께서 그들에게 말씀하시되 경계에 경계를 더하며 경계에 경계를 더하며 교훈에 교훈을 더하며 교훈에 교훈을 더하고 여기서도 조금, 저기서도 조금 하사 그들로 가다가 뒤로 넘어져 부러지며 걸리며 잡히게 하시리라
But the word of the Lord was unto them precept upon precept , precept upon precept ; line upon line , line upon line ; here a little , and there a little ; that they might go , and fall backward , and be broken , and snared , and taken .
14. 이러므로 예루살렘에 있는 이 백성을 치리하는 너희 경만한 자여 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다
Wherefore hear the word of the Lord , ye scornful men , that rule this people which is in Jerusalem .
15. 너희 말이 우리는 사망과 언약하였고 음부와 맹약하였은즉 넘치는 재앙이 유행할지라도 우리에게 미치지 못하리니 우리는 거짓으로 우리 피난처를 삼았고 허위 아래 우리를 숨겼음이라 하는도다
Because ye have said , We have made a covenant with death , and with hell are we at agreement ; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through , it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge , and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:
16. 그러므로 주 여호와께서 가라사대 보라 내가 한 돌을 시온에 두어 기초를 삼았노니 곧 시험한 돌이요 귀하고 견고한 기초 돌이라 그것을 믿는 자는 급절하게 되지 아니하리로다
Therefore thus saith the Lord God , Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone , a tried stone , a precious corner stone, a sure foundation : he that believeth shall not make haste .
17. 나는 공평으로 줄을 삼고 의로 추를 삼으니 우박이 거짓의 피난처를 소탕하며 물이 그 숨는 곳에 넘칠 것인즉
Judgment also will I lay to the line , and righteousness to the plummet : and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies , and the waters shall overflow the hiding place .
18. 너희의 사망으로 더불어 세운 언약이 폐하며 음부로 더불어 맺은 맹약이 서지 못하여 넘치는 재앙이 유행할 때에 너희가 그것에게 밟힘을 당할 것이라
And your covenant with death shall be disannulled , and your agreement with hell shall not stand ; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through , then ye shall be trodden down by it.
19. 그것이 유행할 때마다 너희를 잡을 것이니 아침마다 유행하고 주야로 유행한즉 그 전하는 도를 깨닫는 것이 오직 두려움이라
From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over , by day and by night : and it shall be a vexation only to understand the report .
20. 침상이 짧아서 능히 몸을 펴지 못하며 이불이 좁아서 능히 몸을 싸지 못함 같으리라 하셨나니
For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it.
21. 대저 여호와께서 브라심 산에서와 같이 일어나시며 기브온 골짜기에서와 같이 진노하사 자기 일을 행하시리니 그 일이 비상할 것이며 자기 공을 이루시리니 그 공이 기이할 것임이라
For the Lord shall rise up as in mount Perazim , he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon , that he may do his work , his strange work ; and bring to pass his act , his strange act .
22. 그러므로 너희는 경만한 자가 되지 말라 너희 결박이 우심할까 하노라 대저 온 땅을 멸망시키기로 작정하신 것을 내가 만군의 주 여호와께로서 들었느니라
Now therefore be ye not mockers , lest your bands be made strong : for I have heard from the Lord God of hosts a consumption , even determined upon the whole earth .
23. 너희는 귀를 기울여 내 목소리를 들으라 자세히 내 말을 들으라
Give ye ear , and hear my voice ; hearken , and hear my speech .
24. 파종하려고 가는 자가 어찌 끊이지 않고 갈기만 하겠느냐 그 땅을 개간하며 고르게만 하겠느냐
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? doth he open and break the clods of his ground ?
25. 지면을 이미 평평히 하였으면 소회향을 뿌리며 대회향을 뿌리며 소맥을 줄줄이 심으며 대맥을 정한 곳에 심으며 귀리를 그 가에 심지 않겠느냐
When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches , and scatter the cummin , and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place ?
26. 이는 그의 하나님이 그에게 적당한 방법으로 보이사 가르치셨음이며
For his God doth instruct him to discretion , and doth teach him.
27. 소회향은 도리깨로 떨지 아니하며 대회향에는 수레 바퀴를 굴리지 아니하고 소회향은 작대기로 떨고 대회향은 막대기로 떨며
For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument , neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin ; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff , and the cummin with a rod .
28. 곡식은 부수는가, 아니라 늘 떨기만 하지 아니하고 그것에 수레 바퀴를 굴리고 그것을 말굽으로 밟게 할지라도 부수지는 아니하나니
Bread corn is bruised ; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart , nor bruise it with his horsemen .
29. 이도 만군의 여호와께로서 난 것이라 그의 모략은 기묘하며 지혜는 광대하니라
This also cometh forth from the Lord of hosts , which is wonderful in counsel , and excellent in working .
■ 주석 보기
【사28:1 JFB】사28:1-29.
The twenty-eighth through thirty-third chapters form almost one continuous prophecy concerning the destruction of Ephraim, the impiety and folly of Judah, the danger of their league with Egypt, the straits they would be reduced to by Assyria, from which Jehovah would deliver them on their turning to Him; the twenty-eighth chapter refers to the time just before the sixth year of Hezekiak's reign, the rest not very long before his fourteenth year.
1. crown of pride—Hebrew for "proud crown of the drunkards," &c. [Horsley], namely, Samaria, the capital of Ephraim, or Israel. "Drunkards," literally (사28:7, 8; 사5:11, 22; 암4:1; 6:1-6) and metaphorically, like drunkards, rushing on to their own destruction.
beauty … flower—"whose glorious beauty or ornament is a fading flower." Carrying on the image of "drunkards"; it was the custom at feasts to wreathe the brow with flowers; so Samaria, "which is (not as English Version, 'which are') upon the head of the fertile valley," that is, situated on a hill surrounded with the rich valleys as a garland (왕상16:24); but the garland is "fading," as garlands often do, because Ephraim is now close to ruin (compare 사16:8); fulfilled 721 B.C. (왕하17:6, 24).
【사28:1 CWC】[JUDAH AND EGYPT]
These chapters make a unit since, with the exception of the opening part of chapter 28, they chiefly deal with Judah's futile alliance with Egypt.
Chapter 28.
Israel, or the kingdom of the ten tribes, is addressed under the name of her leading tribe "Ephraim" (v. 1). Her great sin is strong drink. "The head of the fat valley" is Samaria the capitol, which is soon to be overthrown by the Assyrians (vv. 2-4). Observe, however, the usual forecast of the end of the age and the coming deliverance and triumph of the faithful remnant (v. 5). This is a parallel to what we have seen in so many instances hitherto.
At verse 14, Jerusalem rather than Samaria, is addressed, Judah rather than Israel. The end of the age is in mind and the covenant with the Antichrist at that time (compare v. 15 with Dan. 9, especially v. 27). The Messiah is seen coming in judgment, and destroying the power of the Antichrist (compare 2 Thess. 2).
Chapter 29.
"Ariel," which means "the lion of God," is one of the names of Jerusalem (vv. 1-2). A siege is predicted (vv. 3-6), and while this may primarily refer either to that of the Assyrians under Sennacherib, or the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar, yet before the close of the chapter, the time of blessing portrayed for Judah shows a further fulfillment in the last siege of the united Gentile nations under the Antichrist. Again we find the parallel to earlier chapters, especially 10, and an illustration of the law of recurrence. Read also Daniel 11, 미4:11; 5:4-15, and Zechariah, chapters 12-14.
Chapter 30.
When Jerusalem was besieged by Sennacherib, and later by Nebuchadnezzar, she sought aid from Egypt, her natural ally, because of her proximity, but also because Egypt was Assyria's and Babylon's natural rival for world power. This was contrary to the divine will, for Judah should have trusted in God. Egypt's aid on both occasions was to no purpose as other Scriptures show, and the whole circumstance is typical of the end of the age. When, in that day, Jerusalem for the last time shall be besieged by the Gentile nations, again will her hope turn to the world which Egypt represents, and in vain. All this is set before us in what follows. We have (1) the alliance and its failure (vv. 1-7); (2) the nation warned but to no purpose (vv. 8-17); (3) the customary encouragement to the faithful remnant (vv. 18-21); (4) all of which is to be accomplished by the return of the Lord (vv. 22-23).
Chapter 31.
The alliance with Egypt is again condemned (vv. 1-3), and is quite unnecessary in view of Jehovah's purpose towards His faithful people in that day (vv. 4-9). It must be clear that these latter verses refer to the future since no such defence of Jerusalem by Jehovah has yet taken place.
Chapter 32.
The connection with the preceding is close. There Jehovah, the second person of the Trinity, is seen interposing on behalf of Judah, and here He is seen actually reigning over her in the millennial period following. Jesus Christ is this King (v. 1). Millennial blessings are portrayed (vv. 2-5). The Holy Spirit is poured out, and peace ensues (vv. 15-20). Read Joel 2.
Chapter 33.
Practically the same ground is covered here as in the preceding chapters. Judgment is pronounced on the enemy (v. 1); the prayer of the faithful remnant is heard (vv. 2-6); the judgment is seen in execution (vv. 7-12); the faithful are dwelling in safety and beholding the King in His beauty (vv. 13-24).
Chapter 34.
This is a parallel to chapter 24, and one of the darkest chapters in the Bible, describing a judgment world-wide. The indignation of God is upon all the nations and their armies, an enlargement of that spoken of upon the Assyrian, and of which that was a type (compare 살후1:5-10).
Chapter 35.
After these judgments, blessing and glory are resting upon Judah. Evidently the millennium is once more pictured here.
【사28:1 MHCC】 The desolations of Samaria. (사28:1-4) The prosperity of Judah; with reproofs for sinfulness and unbelief. (사28:5-15) Christ is pointed out as the sure Foundation for all believers. (사28:16-22) God's dealings with his people. (사28:23-29)
사28:1-4 What men are proud of, be it ever so mean, is to them as a crown; but pride is the forerunner of destruction. How foolishly drunkards act! Those who are overcome with wine are overcome by Satan; and there is not greater drudgery in the world than hard drinking. Their health is ruined; men are broken in their callings and estates, and their families are ruined by it. Their souls are in danger of being undone for ever, and all merely to gratify a base lust. In God's professing people, like Israel, it is worse than in any other. And he is just in taking away the plenty they thus abuse. The plenty they were proud of, is but a fading flower. Like the early fruit, which, as soon as discovered, is plucked and eaten.
사28:5-15 The prophet next turns to Judah, whom he calls the residue of his people. Happy are those alone, who glory in the Lord of hosts himself. Hence his people get wisdom and strength for every service and every conflict. But it is only in Christ Jesus that the holy God communicates with sinful man. And whether those that teach are drunk with wine, or intoxicated with false doctrines and notions concerning the kingdom and salvation of the Messiah, they not only err themselves, but lead multitudes astray. All places where such persons have taught are filled with errors. For our instruction in the things of God, it is needful that the same precept and the same line should be often repeated to us, that we may the better understand them. God, by his word, calls us to what is really for our advantage; the service of God is the only true rest for those weary of the service of sin, and there is no refreshment but under the easy yoke of the Lord Jesus. All this had little effect upon the people. Those who will not understand what is plain, but scorn and despise it as mean and trifling, are justly punished. If we are at peace with God, we have, in effect, made a covenant with death; whenever it comes, it cannot do us any real damage, if we are Christ's. But to think of making death our friend, while by sin we are making God our enemy, is absurd. And do not they make lies their refuge who trust in their own righteousness, or to a death-bed repentance? which is a resolution to sin no more, when it is no longer in their power to do so.
사28:16-22 Here is a promise of Christ, as the only foundation of hope for escaping the wrath to come. This foundation was laid in Zion, in the eternal counsels of God. This foundation is a stone, firm and able to support his church. It is a tried stone, a chosen stone, approved of God, and never failed any who made trial of it. A corner stone, binding together the whole building, and bearing the whole weight; precious in the sight of the Lord, and of every believer; a sure foundation on which to build. And he who in any age or nation shall believe this testimony, and rest all his hopes, and his never-dying soul on this foundation, shall never be confounded. The right effect of faith in Christ is, to quiet and calm the soul, till events shall be timed by Him, who has all times in his own hand and power. Whatever men trust to for justification, except the righteousness of Christ; or for wisdom, strength, and holiness, except the influences of the Holy Ghost; or for happiness, except the favour of God; that protection in which they thought to shelter themselves, will prove not enough to answer the intention. Those who rest in a righteousness of their own, will have deceived themselves: the bed is too short, the covering too narrow. God will be glorified in the fulfilling of his counsels. If those that profess to be members of God's church, make themselves like Philistines and Canaanites, they must expect to be dealt with as such. Then dare not to ridicule the reproofs of God's word, or the approaches of judgements.
사28:23-29 The husbandman applies to his calling with pains and prudence, in all the works of it according to their nature. Thus the Lord, who has given men this wisdom, is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in his working. As the occasion requires, he threatens, corrects, spares, shows mercy, or executes vengeance. Afflictions are God's threshing instruments, to loosen us from the world, to part between us and our chaff, and to prepare us for use. God will proportion them to our strength; they shall be no heavier than there is need. When his end is answered, the trials and sufferings of his people shall cease; his wheat shall be gathered into the garner, but the chaff shall be burned with unquenchable fire.
【사28:2 JFB】2. strong one—the Assyrian (사10:5).
cast down—namely, Ephraim (사28:1) and Samaria, its crown.
with … hand—with violence (사8:11).
【사28:3 JFB】3. crown … the drunkards—rather, "the crown of the drunkards."
【사28:4 JFB】4. Rather, "the fading flower, their glorious beauty (사28:1), which is on the head of the fat (fertile) valley, shall be as the early fig" [G. V. Smith]. Figs usually ripened in August; but earlier ones (Hebrew bikkurah, Spanish bokkore) in June, and were regarded as a delicacy (렘24:2; 호9:10; 미7:1).
while it is yet—that is, immediately, without delay; describing the eagerness of the Assyrian Shalmaneser, not merely to conquer, but to destroy utterly Samaria; whereas other conquered cities were often spared.
【사28:5 JFB】5-13. The prophet now turns to Judah; a gracious promise to the remnant ("residue"); a warning lest through like sins Judah should share the fate of Samaria.
crown—in antithesis to the "fading crown" of Ephraim (사28:1, 3).
the residue—primarily, Judah, in the prosperous reign of Hezekiah (왕하18:7), antitypically, the elect of God; as He here is called their "crown and diadem," so are they called His (사62:3); a beautiful reciprocity.
【사28:6 JFB】6. Jehovah will inspire their magistrates with justice, and their soldiers with strength of spirit.
turn … battle to … gate—the defenders of their country who not only repel the foe from themselves, but drive him to the gates of his own cities (삼하11:23; 왕하18:8).
【사28:7 JFB】7. Though Judah is to survive the fall of Ephraim, yet "they also" (the men of Judah) have perpetrated like sins to those of Samaria (사5:3, 11), which must be chastised by God.
erred … are out of the way—"stagger … reel." Repeated, to express the frequency of the vice.
priest … prophet—If the ministers of religion sin so grievously, how much more the other rulers (사56:10, 12)!
vision—even in that most sacred function of the prophet to declare God's will revealed to them.
judgment—The priests had the administration of the law committed to them (신17:9; 19:17). It was against the law for the priests to take wine before entering the tabernacle (레10:9; 겔44:21).
【사28:9 JFB】9, 10. Here the drunkards are introduced as scoffingly commenting on Isaiah's warnings: "Whom will he (does Isaiah presume to) teach knowledge? And whom will He make to understand instruction? Is it those (that is, does he take us to be) just weaned, &c.? For (he is constantly repeating, as if to little children) precept upon precept," &c.
line—a rule or law. [Maurer]. The repetition of sounds in Hebrew tzav latzav, tzav latzav, qav laqav, qav laquav, expresses the scorn of the imitators of Isaiah's speaking; he spoke stammering (사28:11). God's mode of teaching offends by its simplicity the pride of sinners (왕하5:11, 12; 고전1:23). Stammerers as they were by drunkenness, and children in knowledge of God, they needed to be spoken to in the language of children, and "with stammering lips" (compare 마13:13). A just and merciful retribution.
【사28:11 JFB】11. For—rather, "Truly." This is Isaiah's reply to the scoffers: Your drunken questions shall be answered by the severe lessons from God conveyed through the Assyrians and Babylonians; the dialect of these, though Semitic, like the Hebrew, was so far different as to sound to the Jews like the speech of stammerers (compare 사33:19; 36:11). To them who will not understand God will speak still more unintelligibly.
【사28:12 JFB】12. Rather, "He (Jehovah) who hath said to them."
this … the rest—Reference may be primarily to "rest" from national warlike preparations, the Jews being at the time "weary" through various preceding calamities, as the Syro-Israelite invasion (사7:8; compare 사30:15; 22:8; 39:2; 36:1; 왕하18:8). But spiritually, the "rest" meant is that to be found in obeying those very "precepts" of God (사28:10) which they jeered at (compare 렘6:16; 마11:29).
【사28:13 JFB】13. But—rather, "Therefore," namely, because "they would not hear" (사28:12).
that they might go—the designed result to those who, from a defect of the will, so far from profiting by God's mode of instructing, "precept upon precept," &c., made it into a stumbling-block (호6:5; 8:12; 마13:14).
go, and fall—image appropriately from "drunkards" (사28:7, 8, which they were) who in trying to "go forward fall backward."
【사28:14 JFB】14. scornful—(See on 사28:9).
【사28:15 JFB】15. said—virtually, in your conduct, if not in words.
covenant—There may be a tacit reference to their confidence in their "covenant" with the Assyrians in the early part of Hezekiah's prosperous reign, before he ceased to pay tribute to them, as if it ensured Judah from evil, whatever might befall the neighboring Ephraim (사28:1). The full meaning is shown by the language ("covenant with death—hell," or sheol) to apply to all lulled in false security spiritually (시12:4; 전8:8; 렘8:11); the godly alone are in covenant with death (욥5:23; 호2:18; 고전3:22).
overflowing scourge—two metaphors: the hostile Assyrian armies like an overwhelming flood.
pass through—namely, through Judea on their way to Egypt, to punish it as the protector of Samaria (왕하17:4).
lies—They did not use these words, but Isaiah designates their sentiments by their true name (암2:4).
【사28:16 JFB】16. Literally, "Behold Me as Him who has laid"; namely, in My divine counsel (계13:8); none save I could lay it (사63:5).
stone—Jesus Christ; Hezekiah [Maurer], or the temple [Ewald], do not realize the full significancy of the language; but only in type point to Him, in whom the prophecy receives its exhaustive accomplishment; whether Isaiah understood its fulness or not (벧전1:11, 12), the Holy Ghost plainly contemplated its fulfilment in Christ alone; so in 사32:1; compare 창49:24; 시118:22; 마21:42; 롬10:11; 엡2:20.
tried—both by the devil (Lu 4:1-13) and by men (Lu 20:1-38), and even by God (마27:46); a stone of tested solidity to bear the vast superstructure of man's redemption. The tested righteousness of Christ gives its peculiar merit to His vicarious sacrifice. The connection with the context is, though a "scourge" shall visit Judea (사28:15), yet God's gracious purpose as to the elect remnant, and His kingdom of which "Zion" shall be the center, shall not fail, because its rests on Messiah (마7:24, 25; 딤후2:19).
precious—literally, "of preciousness," so in the Greek, (벧전2:7). He is preciousness.
corner-stone—(왕상5:17; 7:9; 욥38:6); the stone laid at the corner where two walls meet and connecting them; often costly.
make haste—flee in hasty alarm; but the Septuagint has "be ashamed"; so 롬9:33, and 벧전2:6, "be confounded," substantially the same idea; he who rests on Him shall not have the shame of disappointment, nor flee in sudden panic (see 사30:15; 32:17).
【사28:17 JFB】17. line—the measuring-line of the plummet. Horsley translates, "I will appoint judgment for the rule, and justice for the plummet." As the corner-stone stands most perpendicular and exactly proportioned, so Jehovah, while holding out grace to believers in the Foundation-stone, will judge the scoffers (사28:15) according to the exact justice of the law (compare 약2:13).
hail—divine judgment (사30:30; 32:19).
【사28:18 JFB】18. disannulled—obliterated, as letters traced on a waxen tablet are obliterated by passing the stylus over it.
trodden down—passing from the metaphor in "scourge" to the thing meant, the army which treads down its enemies.
【사28:19 JFB】19. From the time, &c.—rather, "As often as it comes over (that is, passes through), it shall overtake you" [Horsley]; like a flood returning from time to time, frequent hostile invasions shall assail Judah, after the deportation of the ten tribes.
vexation … understand … report—rather, "It shall be a terror even to hear the mere report of it" [Maurer], (삼상3:11). But G. V. Smith, "Hard treatment (Horsley, 'dispersion') only shall make you to understand instruction"; they scorned at the simple way in which the prophet offered it (사28:9); therefore, they must be taught by the severe teachings of adversity.
【사28:20 JFB】20. Proverbial, for they shall find all their sources of confidence fail them; all shall be hopeless perplexity in their affairs.
【사28:21 JFB】21. Perazim—In the valley of Rephaim (삼하5:18, 20; 대상14:11), there Jehovah, by David, broke forth as waters do, and made a breach among the Philistines, David's enemies, as Perazim means, expressing a sudden and complete overthrow.
Gibeon—(대상14:16; 삼하5:25, Margin); not Joshua's victory (수10:10).
strange—as being against His own people; judgment is not what God delights in; it is, though necessary, yet strange to Him (애3:33).
work—punishing the guilty (사10:12).
【사28:22 JFB】22. mockers—a sin which they had committed (사28:9, 10).
bands—their Assyrian bondage (사10:27); Judah was then tributary to Assyria; or, "lest your punishment be made still more severe" (사24:22).
consumption—destruction (사10:22, 23; 단9:27).
【사28:23 JFB】23. Calling attention to the following illustration from husbandry (시49:1, 2). As the husbandman does his different kinds of work, each in its right time and due proportion, so God adapts His measures to the varying exigencies of the several cases: now mercy, now judgments; now punishing sooner, now later (an answer to the scoff that His judgments, being put off so long, would never come at all, 사5:19); His object being not to destroy His people any more than the farmer's object in threshing is to destroy his crop; this vindicates God's "strange work" (사28:21) in punishing His people. Compare the same image, 렘24:6; 호2:23; 마3:12.
【사28:24 JFB】24. all day—emphatic; he is not always ploughing: he also "sows," and that, too, in accordance with sure rules (사28:25).
doth he open—supply "always." Is he always harrowing?
【사28:25 JFB】25. face—the "surface" of the ground: "made plain," or level, by harrowing.
fitches—rather, "dill," or "fennel"; Nigella romana, with black seed, easily beaten out, used as a condiment and medicine in the East. So the Septuagint, "cummin" was used in the same way.
cast in … principal wheat—rather, plant the wheat in rows (for wheat was thought to yield the largest crop, by being planted sparingly [Pliny, Natural History, 18.21]); [Maurer]; "sow the wheat regularly" [Horsley]. But Gesenius, like English Version, "fat," or "principal," that is, excellent wheat.
appointed barley—rather, "barley in its appointed place" [Maurer].
in their place—rather, "in its (the field's) border" [Maurer].
【사28:26 JFB】26. to discretion—in the due rules of husbandry; God first taught it to man (창3:23).
【사28:27 JFB】27. The husbandman uses the same discretion in threshing. The dill ("fitches") and cummin, leguminous and tender grains, are beaten out, not as wheat, &c., with the heavy corn-drag ("threshing instrument"), but with "a staff"; heavy instruments would crush and injure the seed.
cart wheel—two iron wheels armed with iron teeth, like a saw, joined together by a wooden axle. The "corn-drag" was made of three or four wooden cylinders, armed with iron teeth or flint stones fixed underneath, and joined like a sledge. Both instruments cut the straw for fodder as well as separated the corn.
staff—used also where they had but a small quantity of corn; the flail (룻2:17).
【사28:28 JFB】28. Bread corn—corn of which bread is made.
bruised—threshed with the corn-drag (as contrasted with dill and cummin, "beaten with the staff"), or, "trodden out" by the hoofs of cattle driven over it on the threshing-floor [G. V. Smith], (신25:4; 미4:13).
because—rather, "but" [Horsley]; though the corn is threshed with the heavy instrument, yet he will not always be thus threshing it.
break it—"drive over it (continually) the wheel" [Maurer].
cart—threshing-drag.
horsemen—rather, "horses"; used to tread out corn.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.