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■ 이사야 24장
1. 여호와께서 땅을 공허하게 하시며 황무하게 하시며 뒤집어 엎으시고 그 거민을 흩으시리니
Behold, the Lord maketh the earth empty , and maketh it waste , and turneth it upside down , and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.
2. 백성과 제사장이 일반일 것이며 종과 상전이 일반일 것이며 비자와 가모가 일반일 것이며 사는 자와 파는 자가 일반일 것이며 채급하는 자와 채용하는 자가 일반일 것이며 이자를 받는 자와 이자를 내는 자가 일반일 것이라
And it shall be, as with the people , so with the priest ; as with the servant , so with his master ; as with the maid , so with her mistress ; as with the buyer , so with the seller ; as with the lender , so with the borrower ; as with the taker of usury , so with the giver of usury to him.
3. 땅이 온전히 공허하게 되고 온전히 황무하게 되리라 여호와께서 이 말씀을 하셨느니라
The land shall be utterly emptied , and utterly spoiled : for the Lord hath spoken this word .
4. 땅이 슬퍼하고 쇠잔하며 세계가 쇠약하고 쇠잔하며 세상 백성 중에 높은 자가 쇠약하며
The earth mourneth and fadeth away , the world languisheth and fadeth away , the haughty people of the earth do languish .
5. 땅이 또한 그 거민 아래서 더럽게 되었으니 이는 그들이 율법을 범하며 율례를 어기며 영원한 언약을 파하였음이라
The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws , changed the ordinance , broken the everlasting covenant .
6. 그러므로 저주가 땅을 삼켰고 그 중에 거하는 자들이 정죄함을 당하였고 땅의 거민이 불타서 남은 자가 적으며
Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth , and they that dwell therein are desolate : therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned , and few men left .
7. 새 포도즙이 슬퍼하고 포도나무가 쇠잔하며 마음이 즐겁던 자가 다 탄식하며
The new wine mourneth , the vine languisheth , all the merryhearted do sigh .
8. 소고치는 기쁨이 그치고 즐거워하는 자의 소리가 마치고 수금 타는 기쁨이 그쳤으며
The mirth of tabrets ceaseth , the noise of them that rejoice endeth , the joy of the harp ceaseth .
9. 노래하며 포도주를 마시지 못하고 독주는 그 마시는 자에게 쓰게 될 것이며
They shall not drink wine with a song ; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it.
10. 약탈을 당한 성읍이 훼파되고 집마다 닫히었고 들어가는 자가 없으며
The city of confusion is broken down : every house is shut up , that no man may come in .
11. 포도주가 없으므로 거리에서 부르짖으며 모든 즐거움이 암흑하여졌으며 땅의 기쁨이 소멸되었으며
There is a crying for wine in the streets ; all joy is darkened , the mirth of the land is gone .
12. 성읍이 황무하고 성문이 파괴되었느니라
In the city is left desolation , and the gate is smitten with destruction .
13. 세계 민족 중에 이러한 일이 있으리니 곧 감람나무를 흔듦 같고 포도를 거둔 후에 그 남은 것을 주움 같을 것이니라
When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people , there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree , and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done .
14. 무리가 소리를 높여 부를 것이며 여호와의 위엄을 인하여 바다에서부터 크게 외치리니
They shall lift up their voice , they shall sing for the majesty of the Lord , they shall cry aloud from the sea .
15. 그러므로 너희가 동방에서 여호와를 영화롭게 하며 바다 모든 섬에서 이스라엘 하나님 여호와의 이름을 영화롭게 할 것이라
Wherefore glorify ye the Lord in the fires , even the name of the Lord God of Israel in the isles of the sea .
16. 땅 끝에서부터 노래하는 소리가 우리에게 들리기를 의로우신 자에게 영광을 돌리세 하도다 그러나 나는 이르기를 나는 쇠잔하였고 나는 쇠잔하였으니 내게 화가 있도다 궤휼자가 궤휼을 행하도다 궤휼자가 심히 궤휼을 행하도다 하였도다
From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs , even glory to the righteous . But I said , My leanness , my leanness , woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously ; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously .
17. 땅의 거민아 두려움과 함정과 올무가 네게 임하였나니
Fear , and the pit , and the snare , are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth .
18. 두려운 소리를 인하여 도망하는 자는 함정에 빠지겠고 함정 속에서 올라오는 자는 올무에 걸리리니 이는 위에 있는 문이 열리고 땅의 기초가 진동함이라
And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit ; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare : for the windows from on high are open , and the foundations of the earth do shake .
19. 땅이 깨어지고 깨어지며 땅이 갈라지고 땅이 흔들리고 흔들리며
The earth is utterly broken down , the earth is clean dissolved , the earth is moved exceedingly .
20. 땅이 취한 자 같이 비틀비틀하며 침망 같이 흔들리며 그 위의 죄악이 중하므로 떨어지고 다시 일지 못하리라
The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard , and shall be removed like a cottage ; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall , and not rise again .
21. 그 날에 여호와께서 높은 데서 높은 군대를 벌하시며 땅에서 땅 왕들을 벌하시리니
And it shall come to pass in that day , that the Lord shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high , and the kings of the earth upon the earth .
22. 그들이 죄수가 깊은 옥에 모임 같이 모음을 입고 옥에 갇혔다가 여러 날 후에 형벌을 받을 것이라
And they shall be gathered together , as prisoners are gathered in the pit , and shall be shut up in the prison , and after many days shall they be visited .
23. 그 때에 달이 무색하고 해가 부끄러워하리니 이는 만군의 여호와께서 시온산과 예루살렘에서 왕이 되시고 그 장로들 앞에서 영광을 나타내실 것임이니라
Then the moon shall be confounded , and the sun ashamed , when the Lord of hosts shall reign in mount Zion , and in Jerusalem , and before his ancients gloriously .
■ 주석 보기
【사24:1 JFB】사24:1-23. The Last Times of the World in General, and of Judah and the Church in Particular.
The four chapters (the twenty-fourth through the twenty-seventh) form one continuous poetical prophecy: descriptive of the dispersion and successive calamities of the Jews (사24:1-12); the preaching of the Gospel by the first Hebrew converts throughout the world (사24:13-16); the judgments on the adversaries of the Church and its final triumph (사24:16-23); thanksgiving for the overthrow of the apostate faction (사25:1-12), and establishment of the righteous in lasting peace (사26:1-21); judgment on leviathan and entire purgation of the Church (사27:1-13). Having treated of the several nations in particular—Babylon, Philistia, Moab, Syria, Israel, Egypt, Edom, and Tyre (the miniature representative of all, as all kingdoms flocked into it)—he passes to the last times of the world at large and of Judah the representative and future head of the churches.
1. the earth—rather, "the land" of Judah (so in 사24:3, 5, 6; Joe 1:2). The desolation under Nebuchadnezzar prefigured that under Titus.
【사24:1 CWC】[JUDGMENT ON THE GENTILE NATIONS]
This is a long lesson to read, but the study put upon it need not be proportioned to its length. There is a sameness in the chapters, and their contents are not unlike what we reviewed in the preceding lesson. Note the names of the nations and their contiguity to God's chosen people. They have come in contact with their history again and again, for which reason they are singled out for special mention. It will be well here to review what was said about these Gentile nations in the "Introduction to the Prophetic Scriptures." Seven nations are named, a perfect number, indicating Gentilism as a whole, construed as the enemy of Israel. In their order we have Babylon (cc. 13-14); Moab (cc. 15-16); Syria (17); Ethiopia (18); Egypt (19, 20); Medo-Persia (21, 22); Tyre {21).
Then follows a picture of judgment in which all the nations seem to be included; but following the judgments on the Gentile nations, Judah is seen redeemed from her iniquity, delivered from her tribulations, and restored to her land (cc. 25-27). This whole section of the book, therefore, is on an enlarged scale, that which has been set before us several times.
For the purpose of the present study, therefore, and as a matter of convenience, these discourses might be grouped as one -- climaxing, as in the other instances, in the ultimate triumph of the chosen people.
This idea, however, involves one of two things: Either these nations typify Gentile dominion in the earth at the end of this age, or else they themselves will be revived as nations with reference to the judgments of that day.
The evidence for their revival, however, is not apparent except in one case, that of Babylon (cc. 13, 14). The chapters referring to the overthrow of Babylon by the Medes and Persians, seem not to have been fulfilled in that event, except in part; from which the conclusion is gathered that a later and completer fulfillment is in store. There are corresponding passages in other prophets indicating this, and the book of Revelation (c. 18) seems almost to require it.
There are at least nine features of prophecy in these chapters not fulfilled in the earlier overthrow of Babylon referred to: The whole land was not then destroyed (13:5); the Day of the Lord did not then come (v. 6); the physical phenomena were not then seen (v. 10); the city itself was not then destroyed as Sodom, for the Persian victory was without blood, and the scepter passed gently into their hands. Moreover, the land still yields a princely income to its Turkish rulers, and a city and a village exist on the site of Babylon (vv. 19-22); the Lord did not then visit Jacob with rest, nor has He done so as yet (14:1-3); the king of Babylon therein minutely described, has not yet arisen, and seems to point to a greater and more august being than the world has ever seen (4:22); the Assyrian was not then trodden down in the land of Judah, nor was the yoke then removed from her (v. 25); finally, the divine purpose on the whole earth was not then fulfilled (v. 26).
【사24:1 MHCC】 The desolation of the land. (사24:1-12) A few shall be preserved. (사24:13-15) God's kingdom advanced by his judgments. (사24:16-23)
사24:1-12 All whose treasures and happiness are laid up on earth, will soon be brought to want and misery. It is good to apply to ourselves what the Scripture says of the vanity and vexation of spirit which attend all things here below. Sin has turned the earth upside down; the earth is become quite different to man, from what it was when God first made it to be his habitation. It is, at the best, like a flower, which withers in the hands of those that please themselves with it, and lay it in their bosoms. The world we live in is a world of disappointment, a vale of tears; the children of men in it are but of few days, and full of trouble, See the power of God's curse, how it makes all empty, and lays waste all ranks and conditions. Sin brings these calamities upon the earth; it is polluted by the sins of men, therefore it is made desolate by God's judgments. Carnal joy will soon be at end, and the end of it is heaviness. God has many ways to imbitter wine and strong drink to those who love them; distemper of body, anguish of mind, and the ruin of the estate, will make strong drink bitter, and the delights of sense tasteless. Let men learn to mourn for sin, and rejoice in God; then no man, no event, can take their joy from them.
사24:13-15 There shall be a remnant preserved from the general ruin, and it shall be a devout and pious remnant. These few are dispersed; like the gleanings of the olive tree, hid under the leaves. The Lord knows those that are his; the world does not. When the mirth of carnal worldlings ceases, the joy of the saints is as lively as ever, because the covenant of grace, the fountain of their comforts, and the foundation of their hopes, never fails. Those who rejoice in the Lord can rejoice in tribulation, and by faith may triumph when all about them are in tears. They encourage their fellow-sufferers to do likewise, even those who are in the furnace of affliction. Or, in the valleys, low, dark, miry places. In every fire, even the hottest, in every place, even the remotest, let us keep up our good thoughts of God. If none of these trials move us, then we glorify the Lord in the fires.
사24:16-23 Believers may be driven into the uttermost parts of the earth; but they are singing, not sighing. Here is terror to sinners; the prophet laments the miseries he saw breaking in like a torrent; and the small number of believers. He foresees that sin would abound. The meaning is plain, that evil pursues sinners. Unsteady, uncertain are all these things. Worldly men think to dwell in the earth as in a palace, as in a castle; but it shall be removed like a cottage, like a lodge put up for the night. It shall fall and not rise again; but there shall be new heavens and a new earth, in which shall dwell nothing but righteousness. Sin is a burden to the whole creation; it is a heavy burden, under which it groans now, and will sink at last. The high ones, that are puffed up with their grandeur, that think themselves out of the reach of danger, God will visit for their pride and cruelty. Let us judge nothing before the time, though some shall be visited. None in this world should be secure, though their condition be ever so prosperous; nor need any despair, though their condition be ever so deplorable. God will be glorified in all this. But the mystery of Providence is not yet finished. The ruin of the Redeemer's enemies must make way for his kingdom, and then the Sun of Righteousness will appear in full glory. Happy are those who take warning by the sentence against others; every impenitent sinner will sink under his transgression, and rise no more, while believers enjoy everlasting bliss.
【사24:2 JFB】2. as with the people, so with the priest—All alike shall share the same calamity: no favored class shall escape (compare 겔7:12, 13; 호4:9; 계6:15).
【사24:4 JFB】4. world—the kingdom of Israel; as in 사13:11, Babylon.
haughty—literally, "the height" of the people: abstract for concrete, that is, the high people; even the nobles share the general distress.
【사24:5 JFB】5. earth—rather, "the land."
defiled under … inhabitants—namely, with innocent blood (창4:11; 민35:33; 시106:38).
laws … ordinance … everlasting covenant—The moral laws, positive statutes, and national covenant designed to be for ever between God and them.
【사24:6 JFB】6. earth—the land.
burned—namely, with the consuming wrath of heaven: either internally, as in 욥30:30 [Rosenmuller]; or externally, the prophet has before his eyes the people being consumed with the withering dryness of their doomed land (so Joe 1:10, 12), [Maurer].
【사24:7 JFB】7. mourneth—because there are none to drink it [Barnes]. Rather, "is become vapid" [Horsley].
languisheth—because there are none to cultivate it now.
【사24:8 JFB】8. (계18:22).
【사24:9 JFB】9. with a song—the usual accompaniment of feasts.
strong drink—(See on 사5:11). "Date wine" [Horsley].
bitter—in consequence of the national calamities.
【사24:10 JFB】10. city of confusion—rather, "desolation." What Jerusalem would be; by anticipation it is called so. Horsley translates, "The city is broken down; it is a ruin."
shut up—through fear; or rather, "choked up by ruins."
【사24:11 JFB】11. crying for wine—to drown their sorrows in drink (사16:9); Joe 1:5, written about the same time, resembles this.
【사24:12 JFB】12. with destruction—rather "crash" [Gesenius]. "With a great tumult the gate is battered down" [Horsley].
【사24:13 JFB】13. the land—Judea. Put the comma after "land," not after "people." "There shall be among the people (a remnant left), as the shaking (the after-picking) of an olive tree"; as in gathering olives, a few remain on the highest boughs (사17:5, 6).
【사24:14 JFB】14. They—those who are left: the remnant.
sing for the majesty of the Lord—sing a thanksgiving for the goodness of the Lord, who has so mercifully preserved them.
from the sea—from the distant lands beyond the sea, whither they have escaped.
【사24:15 JFB】15. in the fires—Vitringa translates, "in the caves." Could it mean the fires of affliction (벧전1:7)? They were exiles at the time. The fires only loose the carnal bonds off the soul, without injuring a hair, as in the case of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. Lowth reads, in the islands (겔26:18). Rather translate for "fires," "in the regions of morning light," that is, the east, in antithesis to the "isles of the sea," that is, the west [Maurer]. Wheresoever ye be scattered, east or west, still glorify the Lord (말1:11).
【사24:16 JFB】16. Songs to God come in together to Palestine from distant lands, as a grand chorus.
glory to the righteous—the burden of the songs (사26:2, 7). Amidst exile, the loss of their temple, and all that is dear to man, their confidence in God is unshaken. These songs recall the joy of other times and draw from Jerusalem in her present calamities, the cry, "My leanness." Horsley translates, "glory to the Just One"; then My leanness expresses his sense of man's corruption, which led the Jews, "the treacherous dealers" (렘5:11), to crucify the Just One; and his deficiency of righteousness which made him need to be clothed with the righteousness of the Just One (시106:15).
treacherous dealers—the foreign nations that oppress Jerusalem, and overcome it by stratagem (so in 사21:2) [Barnes].
【사24:17 JFB】17. This verse explains the wretchedness spoken of in 사24:16. Jeremiah (렘48:43, 44) uses the same words. They are proverbial; 사24:18 expressing that the inhabitants were nowhere safe; if they escaped one danger, they fell into another, and worse, on the opposite side (암5:19). "Fear" is the term applied to the cords with feathers of all colors which, when fluttered in the air, scare beasts into the pitfall, or birds into the snare. Horsley makes the connection. Indignant at the treatment which the Just One received, the prophet threatens the guilty land with instant vengeance.
【사24:18 JFB】18. noise of … fear—the shout designed to rouse the game and drive it into the pitfall.
windows … open—taken from the account of the deluge (창7:11); the flood-gates. So the final judgments of fire on the apostate world are compared to the deluge (벧후3:5-7).
【사24:19 JFB】19. earth—the land: image from an earthquake.
【사24:20 JFB】20. removed like a cottage—(See on 사1:8). Here, a hanging couch, suspended from the trees by cords, such as Niebuhr describes the Arab keepers of lands as having, to enable them to keep watch, and at the same time to be secure from wild beasts. Translate, "Shall wave to and fro like a hammock" swung about by the wind.
heavy upon it—like an overwhelming burden.
not rise again—not meaning, that it never would rise (사24:23), but in those convulsions it would not rise, it would surely fall.
【사24:21 JFB】21. host of … high ones—the heavenly host, that is, either the visible host of heaven (the present economy of nature, affected by the sun, moon, and stars, the objects of idolatry, being abolished, 사65:17; 60:19, simultaneously with the corrupt polity of men); or rather, "the invisible rulers of the darkness of this world," as the antithesis to "kings of the earth" shows. Angels, moreover, preside, as it were, over kingdoms of the world (단10:13, 20, 21).
【사24:22 JFB】22. in the pit—rather, "for the pit" [Horsley]. "In the dungeon" [Maurer]. Image from captives thrust together into a dungeon.
prison—that is, as in a prison. This sheds light on the disputed passage, 벧전3:19, where also the prison is figurative: The "shutting up" of the Jews in Jerusalem under Nebuchadnezzar, and again under Titus, was to be followed by a visitation of mercy "after many days"—seventy years in the case of the former—the time is not yet elapsed in the case of the latter. Horsley takes "visited" in a bad sense, namely, in wrath, as in 사26:14; compare 사29:6; the punishment being the heavier in the fact of the delay. Probably a double visitation is intended, deliverance to the elect, wrath to hardened unbelievers; as 사24:23 plainly contemplates judgments on proud sinners, symbolized by the "sun" and "moon."
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.