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■ 이사야 23장
1. 두로에 관한 경고라 다시스의 선척들아 너희는 슬피 부르짖을지어다 두로가 황무하여 집이 없고 들어갈 곳도 없음이요 이 소식이 깃딤 땅에서부터 그들에게 전파되었음이니라
The burden of Tyre . Howl , ye ships of Tarshish ; for it is laid waste , so that there is no house , no entering in : from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.
2. 바다에 왕래하는 시돈 상고로 말미암아 부요하게 된 너희 해변 거민들아 잠잠하라
Be still , ye inhabitants of the isle ; thou whom the merchants of Zidon , that pass over the sea , have replenished .
3. 시홀의 곡식 곧 나일의 추수를 큰 물로 수운하여 들였으니 열국의 시장이었도다
And by great waters the seed of Sihor , the harvest of the river , is her revenue ; and she is a mart of nations .
4. 시돈이여 너는 부끄러워할지어다 대저 바다 곧 바다의 보장이 말하기를 나는 구로하지 못하였으며 생산하지 못하였으며 청년 남자들을 양육하지 못하였으며 처녀들을 생육지도 못하였다 하였음이니라
Be thou ashamed , O Zidon : for the sea hath spoken , even the strength of the sea , saying , I travail not, nor bring forth children , neither do I nourish up young men , nor bring up virgins .
5. 그 소식이 애굽에 이르면 그들이 두로의 소식을 인하여 통도하리로다
As at the report concerning Egypt , so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre .
6. 너희는 다시스로 건너갈지어다 해변 거민아 너희는 슬피 부르짖을지어다
Pass ye over to Tarshish ; howl , ye inhabitants of the isle .
7. 이것이 고대에 건설된 너희 희락의 성 곧 그 백성이 자기 발로 먼 지방까지 가서 유하던 성이냐
Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is of ancient days ? her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn .
8. 면류관을 씌우던 자요 그 상고들은 방백이요 그 무역자들은 세상에 존귀한 자이던 두로에 대하여 누가 이 일을 정하였느뇨
Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre , the crowning city, whose merchants are princes , whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth ?
9. 만군의 여호와의 정하신 것이라 모든 영광의 교만을 욕되게 하시며 세상의 모든 존귀한 자로 멸시를 받게 하려 하심이니라
The Lord of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the pride of all glory , and to bring into contempt all the honourable of the earth .
10. 딸 다시스여 나일 같이 너희 땅에 넘칠지어다 너를 속박함이 다시는 없으리라
Pass through thy land as a river , O daughter of Tarshish : there is no more strength .
11. 여호와께서 바다 위에 손을 펴사 열방을 흔드시며 여호와께서 가나안에 대하여 명을 내려 그 견고한 성을 훼파하게 하시고
He stretched out his hand over the sea , he shook the kingdoms : the Lord hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy the strong holds thereof.
12. 가라사대 너 학대 받은 처녀 딸 시돈아 네게 다시는 희락이 없으리니 일어나 깃딤으로 건너가라 거기서도 네가 평안을 얻지 못하리라 하셨느니라
And he said , Thou shalt no more rejoice , O thou oppressed virgin , daughter of Zidon : arise , pass over to Chittim ; there also shalt thou have no rest .
13. 갈대아 사람의 땅을 보라 그 백성이 없어졌나니 곧 앗수르 사람이 들짐승의 거하는 곳이 되게 하였으되 그들이 망대를 세우고 궁전을 헐어 황무케 하였느니라
Behold the land of the Chaldeans ; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness : they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin .
14. 다시스의 선척들아 너희는 슬피 부르짖으라 너희 견고한 성이 파괴되었느니라
Howl , ye ships of Tarshish : for your strength is laid waste .
15. 그 날부터 두로가 한 왕의 연한 같이 칠십 년을 잊어버림이 되었다가 칠십 년이 필한 후에 두로는 기생 노래의 뜻 같이 될 것이라
And it shall come to pass in that day , that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years , according to the days of one king : after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot .
16. 잊어버린바 되었던 기생 너여 수금을 가지고 성읍에 두루 행하며 기묘한 곡조로 많은 노래를 불러서 너를 다시 기억케 하라 하였느니라
Take an harp , go about the city , thou harlot that hast been forgotten ; make sweet melody , sing many songs , that thou mayest be remembered .
17. 칠십 년이 필한 후에 여호와께서 두로를 권고하시리니 그가 다시 취리하여 지면에 있는 열방과 음란을 행할 것이며
And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years , that the Lord will visit Tyre , and she shall turn to her hire , and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth .
18. 그 무역한 것과 이익을 거룩히 여호와께 돌리고 간직하거나 쌓아두지 아니하리니 그 무역한 것이 여호와 앞에 거하는 자의 배불리 먹을 자료, 잘 입을 자료가 되리라
And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the Lord : it shall not be treasured nor laid up ; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord , to eat sufficiently , and for durable clothing .
■ 주석 보기
【사23:1 JFB】사23:1-18. Prophecy Respecting Tyre.
Menander, the historian, notices a siege of Tyre by Shalmaneser, about the time of the siege of Samaria. Sidon, Acco, and Old Tyre, on the mainland, were soon reduced; but New Tyre, on an island half a mile from the shore, held out for five years. Sargon probably finished the siege. Sennacherib does not, however, mention it among the cities which the Assyrian kings conquered (thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh chapters). The expression, "Chaldeans" (사23:13), may imply reference to its siege under Nebuchadnezzar, which lasted thirteen years. Alexander the Great destroyed New Tyre after a seven months' siege.
1. Tyre—Hebrew, Tsur, that is, "Rock."
ships of Tarshish—ships of Tyre returning from their voyage to Tarshish, or Tartessus in Spain, with which the Phœnicians had much commerce (겔27:12-25). "Ships of Tarshish" is a phrase also used of large and distant-voyaging merchant vessels (사2:16; 왕상10:22; 시48:7).
no house—namely, left; such was the case as to Old Tyre, after Nebuchadnezzar's siege.
no entering—There is no house to enter (사24:10) [G. V. Smith]. Or, Tyre is so laid waste, that there is no possibility of entering the harbor [Barnes]; which is appropriate to the previous "ships."
Chittim—Cyprus, of which the cities, including Citium in the south (whence came "Chittim"), were mostly Phœnician (겔27:6). The ships from Tarshish on their way to Tyre learn the tidings ("it is revealed to them") of the downfall of Tyre. At a later period Chittim denoted the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean (단11:30).
【사23:1 CWC】[JUDGMENT ON THE GENTILE NATIONS]
This is a long lesson to read, but the study put upon it need not be proportioned to its length. There is a sameness in the chapters, and their contents are not unlike what we reviewed in the preceding lesson. Note the names of the nations and their contiguity to God's chosen people. They have come in contact with their history again and again, for which reason they are singled out for special mention. It will be well here to review what was said about these Gentile nations in the "Introduction to the Prophetic Scriptures." Seven nations are named, a perfect number, indicating Gentilism as a whole, construed as the enemy of Israel. In their order we have Babylon (cc. 13-14); Moab (cc. 15-16); Syria (17); Ethiopia (18); Egypt (19, 20); Medo-Persia (21, 22); Tyre {21).
Then follows a picture of judgment in which all the nations seem to be included; but following the judgments on the Gentile nations, Judah is seen redeemed from her iniquity, delivered from her tribulations, and restored to her land (cc. 25-27). This whole section of the book, therefore, is on an enlarged scale, that which has been set before us several times.
For the purpose of the present study, therefore, and as a matter of convenience, these discourses might be grouped as one -- climaxing, as in the other instances, in the ultimate triumph of the chosen people.
This idea, however, involves one of two things: Either these nations typify Gentile dominion in the earth at the end of this age, or else they themselves will be revived as nations with reference to the judgments of that day.
The evidence for their revival, however, is not apparent except in one case, that of Babylon (cc. 13, 14). The chapters referring to the overthrow of Babylon by the Medes and Persians, seem not to have been fulfilled in that event, except in part; from which the conclusion is gathered that a later and completer fulfillment is in store. There are corresponding passages in other prophets indicating this, and the book of Revelation (c. 18) seems almost to require it.
There are at least nine features of prophecy in these chapters not fulfilled in the earlier overthrow of Babylon referred to: The whole land was not then destroyed (13:5); the Day of the Lord did not then come (v. 6); the physical phenomena were not then seen (v. 10); the city itself was not then destroyed as Sodom, for the Persian victory was without blood, and the scepter passed gently into their hands. Moreover, the land still yields a princely income to its Turkish rulers, and a city and a village exist on the site of Babylon (vv. 19-22); the Lord did not then visit Jacob with rest, nor has He done so as yet (14:1-3); the king of Babylon therein minutely described, has not yet arisen, and seems to point to a greater and more august being than the world has ever seen (4:22); the Assyrian was not then trodden down in the land of Judah, nor was the yoke then removed from her (v. 25); finally, the divine purpose on the whole earth was not then fulfilled (v. 26).
【사23:1 MHCC】 The overthrow of Tyre. (사23:1-14) It is established again. (사23:15-18)
사23:1-14 Tyre was the mart of the nations. She was noted for mirth and diversions; and this made her loth to consider the warnings God gave by his servants. Her merchants were princes, and lived like princes. Tyre being destroyed and laid waste, the merchants should abandon her. Flee to shift for thine own safety; but those that are uneasy in one place, will be so in another; for when God's judgments pursue sinners, they will overtake them. Whence shall all this trouble come? It is a destruction from the Almighty. God designed to convince men of the vanity and uncertainty of all earthly glory. Let the ruin of Tyre warn all places and persons to take heed of pride; for he who exalts himself shall be abased. God will do it, who has all power in his hand; but the Chaldeans shall be the instruments.
사23:15-18 The desolations of Tyre were not to be for ever. The Lord will visit Tyre in mercy. But when set at liberty, she will use her old arts of temptation. The love of worldly wealth is spiritual idolatry; and covetousness is spiritual idolatry. This directs those that have wealth, to use it in the service of God. When we abide with God in our worldly callings, when we do all in our power to further the gospel, then our merchandise and hire are holiness to the Lord, if we look to his glory. Christians should carry on business as God's servants, and use riches as his stewards.
【사23:2 JFB】2. Be still—"struck dumb with awe." Addressed to those already in the country, eye-witnesses of its ruin (애2:10); or, in contrast to the busy din of commerce once heard in Tyre; now all is hushed and still.
isle—strictly applicable to New Tyre: in the sense coast, to the mainland city, Old Tyre (compare 사23:6; 사20:6).
Zidon—of which Tyre was a colony, planted when Zidon was conquered by the Philistines of Ascalon. Zidon means a "fishing station"; this was its beginning.
replenished—with wealth and an industrious population (겔27:3, 8, 23). Here "Zidon," as the oldest city of Phœnicia, includes all the Phœnician towns on the strip of "coast." Thus, Eth-baal, king of Tyre [Josephus, Antiquities, 8.3,2], is called king of the Sidonians (왕상16:31); and on coins Tyre is called the metropolis of the Sidonians.
【사23:3 JFB】3. great waters—the wide waters of the sea.
seed—"grain," or crop, as in 삼상8:15; 욥39:12.
Sihor—literally, "dark-colored"; applied to the Nile, as the Egyptian Jeor, and the Greek Melas, to express the "dark, turbid" colors given to its waters by the fertilizing soil which it deposits at its yearly overflow (렘2:18).
harvest of the river—the growth of the Delta; the produce due to the overflow of the Nile: Egypt was the great granary of corn in the ancient world (창41:1-57; 42:1-38; 43:1-34).
her revenue—Tyrian vessels carried Egyptian produce obtained in exchange for wine, oil, glass, &c., into various lands, and so made large profits.
mart—(겔27:3). No city was more favorably situated for commerce.
【사23:4 JFB】4. Zidon—called on, as being the parent country of Tyre (사23:12), and here equivalent to Phœnicia in general, to feel the shame (as it was esteemed in the East) of being now as childless as if she never had any. "I (no more now) travail, nor bring forth," &c. "Strength of the sea," that is, stronghold, namely, New Tyre, on a rock (as "Tyre" means) surrounded by the sea (겔26:4, 14-17; so Venice was called "Bride of the sea"; Z전9:3).
【사23:5 JFB】5. As, &c.—rather, "When the report (shall reach) the people of Egypt, they shall be sorely pained at the report concerning Tyre" (namely, its overthrow). So Jerome, "When the Egyptians shall hear that so powerful a neighboring nation has been destroyed, they must know their own end is near" [Lowth, &c.].
【사23:6 JFB】6. Pass … over—Escape from Tyre to your colonies as Tarshish (compare 사23:12). The Tyrians fled to Carthage and elsewhere, both at the siege under Nebuchadnezzar and that under Alexander.
【사23:7 JFB】7.Is this silent ruin all that is left of your once joyous city (사23:12)?
antiquity—The Tyrian priests boasted in Herodotus' time that their city had already existed 2300 years: an exaggeration, but still implying that it was ancient even then.
her own feet—walking on foot as captives to an enemy's land.
【사23:8 JFB】8. Who—answered in 사23:9, "The Lord of hosts."
crowning—crown-giving; that is, the city from which dependent kingdoms had arisen, as Tartessus in Spain, Citium in Cyprus, and Carthage in Africa (겔27:33).
traffickers—literally, "Canaanites," who were famed for commerce (compare 호12:7, Margin).
【사23:9 JFB】9. Whoever be the instruments in overthrowing haughty sinners, God, who has all hosts at His command, is the First Cause (사10:5-7).
stain—rather, "to profane"; as in 출31:14, the Sabbath, and other objects of religious reverence; so here, "the pride of all glory" may refer to the Tyrian temple of Hercules, the oldest in the world, according to Arrian (사2:16); the prophet of the true God would naturally single out for notice the idol of Tyre [G. V. Smith]. It may, however, be a general proposition; the destruction of Tyre will exhibit to all how God mars the luster of whatever is haughty (사2:11).
【사23:10 JFB】10. a river—Hebrew, "the river," namely, Nile.
daughter of Tarshish—Tyre and its inhabitants (사1:8), about henceforth, owing to the ruin of Tyre, to become inhabitants of its colony, Tartessus: they would pour forth from Tyre, as waters flow on when the barriers are removed [Lowth]. Rather, Tarshish, or Tartessus and its inhabitants, as the phrase usually means: they had been kept in hard bondage, working in silver and lead mines near Tarshish, by the parent city (겔26:17): but now "the bond of restraint" (for so "strength," Margin, "girdle," that is, bond, 시2:3, ought to be translated) is removed, since Tyre is no more.
【사23:11 JFB】11. He—Jehovah.
kingdoms—the Phœnician cities and colonies.
the merchant city—rather, Canaan, meaning the north of it, namely, Phœnicia. On their coins, they call their country Canaan.
【사23:12 JFB】12. he—God.
rejoice—riotously (사23:7).
oppressed—"deflowered"; laying aside the figure "taken by storm"; the Arabs compare a city never taken to an undefiled virgin (compare 나3:5, &c.).
daughter of Zidon—Tyre: or else, sons of Zidon, that is, the whole land and people of Phœnicia (see on 사23:2) [Maurer].
Chittim—Citium in Cyprus (사23:1).
there also … no rest—Thy colonies, having been harshly treated by thee, will now repay thee in kind (see on 사23:10). But Vitringa refers it to the calamities which befell the Tyrians in their settlements subsequently, namely, Sicily, Corcyra, Carthage, and Spain, all flowing from the original curse of Noah against the posterity of Canaan (창9:25-27).
【사23:13 JFB】13. Behold—Calling attention to the fact, so humiliating to Tyre, that a people of yesterday, like the Chaldees, should destroy the most ancient of cities, Tyre.
was not—had no existence as a recognized nation; the Chaldees were previously but a rude, predatory people (욥1:17).
Assyrian founded it—The Chaldees ("them that dwell in the wilderness") lived a nomadic life in the mountains of Armenia originally (Arphaxad, in 창10:22, refers to such a region of Assyria near Armenia), north and east of Assyria proper. Some may have settled in Mesopotamia and Babylonia very early and given origin to the astrologers called Chaldees in later times. But most of the people had been transferred only a little before the time of this prophecy from their original seats in the north to Mesopotamia, and soon afterwards to South Babylonia. "Founded it," means "assigned it (the land) to them who had (heretofore) dwelt in the wilderness" as a permanent settlement (so in 시104:8) [Maurer]. It was the Assyrian policy to infuse into their own population of the plain the fresh blood of hardy mountaineers, for the sake of recruiting their armies. Ultimately the Chaldees, by their powerful priest-caste, gained the supremacy and established the later or Chaldean empire. Horsley refers it to Tyre, founded by an Assyrian race.
towers thereof—namely, of Babylon, whose towers, Herodotus says, were "set up" by the Assyrians [Barnes]. Rather, "The Chaldees set up their siege-towers" against Tyre, made for the attack of high walls, from which the besiegers hurled missiles, as depicted in the Assyrian sculptures [G. V. Smith].
raised up—rather, "They lay bare," namely, the foundations of "her (Tyre's) palaces," that is, utterly overthrew them (시137:7).
【사23:14 JFB】14. strength—stronghold (compare 겔26:15-18).
【사23:15 JFB】15. forgotten—Having lost its former renown, Tyre shall be in obscurity.
seventy years—(so 렘25:11, 12; 29:10).
days of one king—that is, a dynasty. The Babylonian monarchy lasted properly but seventy years. From the first year of Nebuchadnezzar to the taking of Babylon, by Cyrus, was seventy years; then the subjected nations would be restored to liberty. Tyre was taken in the middle of that period, but it is classed in common with the rest, some conquered sooner and others later, all, however, alike to be delivered at the end of the period. So "king" is used for dynasty (단7:17; 8:20): Nebuchadnezzar, his son Evil-merodach, and his grandson, Belshazzar, formed the whole dynasty (렘25:11, 12; 27:7; 29:10).
shall Tyre sing as … harlot—It shall be to Tyre as the song of the harlot, namely, a harlot that has been forgotten, but who attracts notice again by her song. Large marts of commerce are often compared to harlots seeking many lovers, that is, they court merchants of all nations, and admit any one for the sake of gain (나3:4; 계18:3). Covetousness is closely akin to idolatry and licentiousness, as the connection (엡5:5; 골3:5) proves (compare 사2:6-8, 16).
【사23:16 JFB】16. Same figure [사23:15] to express that Tyre would again prosper and attract commercial intercourse of nations to her, and be the same joyous, self-indulging city as before.
【사23:17 JFB】17. visit—not in wrath, but mercy.
hire—image from a harlot: her gains by commerce. After the Babylonian dynasty was ended, Tyre was rebuilt; also, again, after the destruction under Alexander.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.