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■ 이사야 13장
1. 아모스의 아들 이사야가 바벨론에 대하여 받은 경고라
The burden of Babylon , which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see .
2. 너희는 자산 위에 기호를 세우고 소리를 높여 그들을 부르며 손을 흔들어 그들로 존귀한 자의 문에 들어가게 하라
Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain , exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand , that they may go into the gates of the nobles .
3. 내가 나의 거룩히 구별한 자에게 명하고 나의 위엄을 기뻐하는 용사들을 불러 나의 노를 풀게 하였느니라
I have commanded my sanctified ones , I have also called my mighty ones for mine anger , even them that rejoice in my highness .
4. 산에서 무리의 소리가 남이여 많은 백성의 소리 같으니 곧 열국 민족이 함께 모여 떠드는 소리라 만군의 여호와께서 싸움을 위하여 군대를 검열하심이로다
The noise of a multitude in the mountains , like as of a great people ; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together : the Lord of hosts mustereth the host of the battle .
5. 무리가 먼 나라에서, 하늘 가에서 왔음이여 곧 여호와와 그 진노의 병기라 온 땅을 멸하려 함이로다
They come from a far country , from the end of heaven , even the Lord , and the weapons of his indignation , to destroy the whole land .
6. 너희는 애곡할지어다 여호와의 날이 가까웠으니 전능자에게서 멸망이 임할 것임이로다
Howl ye; for the day of the Lord is at hand ; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty .
7. 그러므로 모든 손이 피곤하며 각 사람의 마음이 녹을 것이라
Therefore shall all hands be faint , and every man’s heart shall melt :
8. 그들이 놀라며 괴로움과 슬픔에 잡혀서 임산한 여자 같이 고통하며 서로 보고 놀라며 얼굴은 불꽃 같으리로다
And they shall be afraid : pangs and sorrows shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth : they shall be amazed one at another ; their faces shall be as flames .
9. 여호와의 날 곧 잔혹히 분냄과 맹렬히 노하는 날이 임하여 땅을 황무케 하며 그 중에서 죄인을 멸하리니
Behold, the day of the Lord cometh , cruel both with wrath and fierce anger , to lay the land desolate : and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
10. 하늘의 별들과 별 떨기가 그 빛을 내지 아니하며 해가 돋아도 어두우며 달이 그 빛을 비취지 아니할 것이로다
For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light : the sun shall be darkened in his going forth , and the moon shall not cause her light to shine .
11. 내가 세상의 악과 악인의 죄를 벌하며 교만한 자의 오만을 끊으며 강포한 자의 거만을 낮출 것이며
And I will punish the world for their evil , and the wicked for their iniquity ; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease , and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible .
12. 내가 사람을 정금보다 희소케 하며 오빌의 순금보다 희귀케 하리로다
I will make a man more precious than fine gold ; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir .
13. 나 만군의 여호와가 분하여 맹렬히 노하는 날에 하늘을 진동시키며 땅을 흔들어 그 자리에서 떠나게 하리니
Therefore I will shake the heavens , and the earth shall remove out of her place , in the wrath of the Lord of hosts , and in the day of his fierce anger .
14. 그들이 쫓긴 노루나 모으는 자 없는 양 같이 각기 동족에게로 돌아가며 본향으로 도망할 것이나
And it shall be as the chased roe , and as a sheep that no man taketh up : they shall every man turn to his own people , and flee every one into his own land .
15. 만나는 자는 창에 찔리겠고 잡히는 자는 칼에 엎드러지겠고
Every one that is found shall be thrust through ; and every one that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword .
16. 그들의 어린 아이들은 그 목전에 메어침을 입겠고 그 집은 노략을 당하겠고 그 아내는 욕을 당하리라
Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes ; their houses shall be spoiled , and their wives ravished .
17. 보라 은을 돌아보지 아니하며 금을 기뻐하지 아니하는 메대 사람을 내가 격동시켜 그들을 치게 하리니
Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver ; and as for gold , they shall not delight in it.
18. 메대 사람이 활로 청년을 쏘아 죽이며 태의 열매를 긍휼히 여기지 아니하며 아이를 가석히 보지 아니하리라
Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces ; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb ; their eye shall not spare children .
19. 열국의 영광이요 갈대아 사람의 자랑하는 노리개가 된 바벨론이 하나님께 멸망 당한 소돔과 고모라 같이 되리니
And Babylon , the glory of kingdoms , the beauty of the Chaldees’ excellency , shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah .
20. 그곳에 처할 자가 없겠고 거할 사람이 대대에 없을 것이며 아라비아 사람도 거기 장막을 치지 아니하며 목자들도 그곳에 그 양떼를 쉬게 하지 아니할 것이요
It shall never be inhabited , neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation : neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there.
21. 오직 들짐승들이 거기 엎드리고 부르짖는 짐승이 그 가옥에 충만하며 타조가 거기 깃들이며 들 양이 거기서 뛸 것이요
But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures ; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.
22. 그 궁성에는 시랑이 부르짖을 것이요 화려한 전에는 들개가 울 것이라 그의 때가 가까우며 그의 날이 오래지 아니하리라
And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses , and dragons in their pleasant palaces : and her time is near to come , and her days shall not be prolonged .
■ 주석 보기
【사13:1 JFB】사13:1-22. The Thirteenth through Twenty-third Chapters Contain Prophecies as to Foreign Nations.—The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Twenty-seventh Chapters as to Babylon and Assyria.
The predictions as to foreign nations are for the sake of the covenant people, to preserve them from despair, or reliance on human confederacies, and to strengthen their faith in God: also in order to extirpate narrow-minded nationality: God is Jehovah to Israel, not for Israel's sake alone, but that He may be thereby Elohim to the nations. These prophecies are in their right chronological place, in the beginning of Hezekiah's reign; then the nations of Western Asia, on the Tigris and Euphrates, first assumed a most menacing aspect.
1. burden—weighty or mournful prophecy [Grotius]. Otherwise, simply, the prophetical declaration, from a Hebrew root to put forth with the voice anything, as in 민23:7 [Maurer].
of Babylon—concerning Babylon.
【사13:1 CWC】[JUDGMENT ON THE GENTILE NATIONS]
This is a long lesson to read, but the study put upon it need not be proportioned to its length. There is a sameness in the chapters, and their contents are not unlike what we reviewed in the preceding lesson. Note the names of the nations and their contiguity to God's chosen people. They have come in contact with their history again and again, for which reason they are singled out for special mention. It will be well here to review what was said about these Gentile nations in the "Introduction to the Prophetic Scriptures." Seven nations are named, a perfect number, indicating Gentilism as a whole, construed as the enemy of Israel. In their order we have Babylon (cc. 13-14); Moab (cc. 15-16); Syria (17); Ethiopia (18); Egypt (19, 20); Medo-Persia (21, 22); Tyre {21).
Then follows a picture of judgment in which all the nations seem to be included; but following the judgments on the Gentile nations, Judah is seen redeemed from her iniquity, delivered from her tribulations, and restored to her land (cc. 25-27). This whole section of the book, therefore, is on an enlarged scale, that which has been set before us several times.
For the purpose of the present study, therefore, and as a matter of convenience, these discourses might be grouped as one -- climaxing, as in the other instances, in the ultimate triumph of the chosen people.
This idea, however, involves one of two things: Either these nations typify Gentile dominion in the earth at the end of this age, or else they themselves will be revived as nations with reference to the judgments of that day.
The evidence for their revival, however, is not apparent except in one case, that of Babylon (cc. 13, 14). The chapters referring to the overthrow of Babylon by the Medes and Persians, seem not to have been fulfilled in that event, except in part; from which the conclusion is gathered that a later and completer fulfillment is in store. There are corresponding passages in other prophets indicating this, and the book of Revelation (c. 18) seems almost to require it.
There are at least nine features of prophecy in these chapters not fulfilled in the earlier overthrow of Babylon referred to: The whole land was not then destroyed (13:5); the Day of the Lord did not then come (v. 6); the physical phenomena were not then seen (v. 10); the city itself was not then destroyed as Sodom, for the Persian victory was without blood, and the scepter passed gently into their hands. Moreover, the land still yields a princely income to its Turkish rulers, and a city and a village exist on the site of Babylon (vv. 19-22); the Lord did not then visit Jacob with rest, nor has He done so as yet (14:1-3); the king of Babylon therein minutely described, has not yet arisen, and seems to point to a greater and more august being than the world has ever seen (4:22); the Assyrian was not then trodden down in the land of Judah, nor was the yoke then removed from her (v. 25); finally, the divine purpose on the whole earth was not then fulfilled (v. 26).
【사13:1 MHCC】 The armies of God's wrath. (사13:1-5) The conquest of Babylon. (사13:6-18) Its final desolation. (사13:19-22)
사13:1-5 The threatenings of God's word press heavily upon the wicked, and are a sore burden, too heavy for them to bear. The persons brought together to lay Babylon waste, are called God's sanctified or appointed ones; designed for this service, and made able to do it. They are called God's mighty ones, because they had their might from God, and were now to use it for him. They come from afar. God can make those a scourge and ruin to his enemies, who are farthest off, and therefore least dreaded.
사13:6-18 We have here the terrible desolation of Babylon by the Medes and Persians. Those who in the day of their peace were proud, and haughty, and terrible, are quite dispirited when trouble comes. Their faces shall be scorched with the flame. All comfort and hope shall fail. The stars of heaven shall not give their light, the sun shall be darkened. Such expressions are often employed by the prophets, to describe the convulsions of governments. God will visit them for their iniquity, particularly the sin of pride, which brings men low. There shall be a general scene of horror. Those who join themselves to Babylon, must expect to share her plagues, 계18:4. All that men have, they would give for their lives, but no man's riches shall be the ransom of his life. Pause here and wonder that men should be thus cruel and inhuman, and see how corrupt the nature of man is become. And that little infants thus suffer, which shows that there is an original guilt, by which life is forfeited as soon as it is begun. The day of the Lord will, indeed, be terrible with wrath and fierce anger, far beyond all here stated. Nor will there be any place for the sinner to flee to, or attempt an escape. But few act as though they believed these things.
사13:19-22 Babylon was a noble city; yet it should be wholly destroyed. None shall dwell there. It shall be a haunt for wild beasts. All this is fulfilled. The fate of this proud city is a proof of the truth of the Bible, and an emblem of the approaching ruin of the New Testament Babylon; a warning to sinners to flee from the wrath to come, and it encourages believers to expect victory over every enemy of their souls, and of the church of God. The whole world changes and is liable to decay. Wherefore let us give diligence to obtain a kingdom which cannot be moved; and in this hope let us hold fast that grace whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear.
【사13:2 JFB】2. Lift … banner—(사5:26; 11:10).
the high mountain—rather, "a bare (literally, "bald," that is, without trees) mountain"; from it the banner could be seen afar off, so as to rally together the peoples against Babylon.
unto them—unto the Medes (사13:17), the assailants of Babylon. It is remarkable that Isaiah does not foretell here the Jews' captivity in Babylon, but presupposes that event, and throws himself beyond, predicting another event still more future, the overthrow of the city of Israel's oppressors. It was now one hundred seventy-four years before the event.
shake … hand—beckon with the hand—wave the hand to direct the nations to march against Babylon.
nobles—Babylonian. Rather, in a bad sense, tyrants; as in 사14:5, "rulers" in parallelism to "the wicked"; and 욥21:28 [Maurer].
【사13:3 JFB】3. sanctified ones—the Median and Persian soldiers solemnly set apart by Me for the destruction of Babylon, not inwardly "sanctified," but designated to fulfil God's holy purpose (렘51:27, 28; Joe 3:9, 11; where the Hebrew for prepare war is "sanctify" war).
for mine anger—to execute it.
rejoice in my highness—"Those who are made to triumph for My honor" [Horsley]. The heathen Medes could not be said to "rejoice in God's highness" Maurer translates, "My haughtily exulting ones" (습3:11); a special characteristic of the Persians [Herodotus,1.88]. They rejoiced in their own highness, but it was His that they were unconsciously glorifying.
【사13:4 JFB】4. the mountains—namely, which separate Media and Assyria, and on one of which the banner to rally the hosts is supposed to be reared.
tumultuous noise—The Babylonians are vividly depicted as hearing some unwonted sound like the din of a host; they try to distinguish the sounds, but can only perceive a tumultuous noise.
nations—Medes, Persians, and Armenians composed Cyrus' army.
【사13:5 JFB】5. They—namely, "Jehovah," and the armies which are "the weapons of His indignation."
far country—Media and Persia, stretching to the far north and east.
end of heaven—the far east (시19:6).
destroy—rather, "to seize" [Horsley].
【사13:6 JFB】6. day of the Lord—day of His vengeance on Babylon (사2:12). Type of the future "day of wrath" (계6:17).
destruction—literally, "a devastating tempest."
from the Almighty—not from mere man; therefore irresistible. "Almighty," Hebrew, Shaddai.
【사13:7 JFB】7. faint … melt—So 렘50:43; compare 수7:5. Babylon was taken by surprise on the night of Belshazzar's impious feast (단5:30). Hence the sudden fainting and melting of hearts.
【사13:8 JFB】8. pangs—The Hebrew means also a "messenger." Horsley, therefore, with the Septuagint translates, "The heralds (who bring word of the unexpected invasion) are terrified." Maurer agrees with English Version, literally, "they shall take hold of pangs and sorrows."
woman … travaileth—(살전5:3).
amazed—the stupid, bewildered gaze of consternation.
faces … flames—"their visages have the livid hue of flame" [Horsley]; with anguish and indignation.
【사13:9 JFB】9. cruel—not strictly, but unsparingly just; opposed to mercy. Also answering to the cruelty (in the strict sense) of Babylon towards others (사14:17) now about to be visited on itself.
the land—"the earth" [Horsley]. The language of 사13:9-13 can only primarily and partially apply to Babylon; fully and exhaustively, the judgments to come, hereafter, on the whole earth. Compare 사13:10 with 마24:29; 계8:12. The sins of Babylon, arrogancy (사13:11; 사14:11; 47:7, 8), cruelty, false worship (렘50:38), persecution of the people of God (사47:6), are peculiarly characteristic of the Antichristian world of the latter days (단11:32-37; 계17:3, 6; 18:6, 7, 9-14, 24).
【사13:10 JFB】10. stars, &c.—figuratively for anarchy, distress, and revolutions of kingdoms (사34:4; Joe 2:10; 겔32:7, 8; 암8:9; 계6:12-14). There may be a literal fulfilment finally, shadowed forth under this imagery (계21:1).
constellations—Hebrew, "a fool," or "impious one"; applied to the constellation Orion, which was represented as an impious giant (Nimrod deified, the founder of Babylon) chained to the sky. See on 욥38:31.
【사13:11 JFB】11. world—the impious of the world (compare 사11:4).
arrogancy—Babylon's besetting sin (단4:22, 30).
the terrible—rather, tyrants [Horsley].
【사13:12 JFB】12. man … precious—I will so cut off Babylon's defenders, that a single man shall be as rare and precious as the finest gold.
【사13:13 JFB】13. Image for mighty revolutions (사24:19; 34:4; 합3:6, 10; 학2:6, 7; 계20:11).
【사13:14 JFB】14. it—Babylon.
roe—gazelle; the most timid and easily startled.
no man taketh up—sheep defenseless, without a shepherd (Z전13:7).
every man … to his own people—The "mingled peoples" of foreign lands shall flee out of her (렘50:16, 28, 37; 51:9).
【사13:15 JFB】15. found—in the city.
joined—"intercepted" [Maurer]. "Every one that has withdrawn himself," namely, to hide in the houses [Gesenius].
【사13:16 JFB】16. (시137:8, 9).
【사13:17 JFB】17. Medes—(사21:2; 렘51:11, 28). At that time they were subject to Assyria; subsequently Arbaces, satrap of Media, revolted against the effeminate Sardanapalus, king of Assyria, destroyed Nineveh, and became king of Media, in the ninth century B.C.
not regard silver—In vain will one try to buy his life from them for a ransom. The heathen Xenophon (Cyropædia, 5,1,10) represents Cyrus as attributing this characteristic to the Medes, disregard of riches. A curious confirmation of this prophecy.
【사13:18 JFB】18. bows—in the use of which the Persians were particularly skilled.
【사13:19 JFB】19. glory of kingdoms—(사14:4; 47:5; 렘51:41).
beauty of … excellency—Hebrew, "the glory of the pride" of the Chaldees; it was their glory and boast.
as … Gomorrah—as utterly (렘49:18; 50:40; 암4:11). Taken by Cyrus, by clearing out the canal made for emptying the superfluous waters of the Euphrates, and directing the river into this new channel, so that he was able to enter the city by the old bed in the night.
【사13:20 JFB】20. Literally fulfilled.
neither … Arabian pitch tent—Not only shall it not be a permanent residence, but not even a temporary resting-place. The Arabs, through dread of evil spirits, and believing the ghost of Nimrod to haunt it, will not pass the night there (compare 사13:21).
neither … shepherds—The region was once most fertile; but owing to the Euphrates being now no longer kept within its former channels, it has become a stagnant marsh, unfit for flocks; and on the wastes of its ruins (bricks and cement) no grass grows.
【사13:21 JFB】21. wild beasts—Hebrew, tsiyim, animals dwelling in arid wastes. Wild cats, remarkable for their howl [Bochart].
doleful creatures—"howling beasts," literally, "howlings" [Maurer].
owls—rather, "ostriches"; a timorous creature, delighting in solitary deserts and making a hideous noise [Bochart].
satyrs—sylvan demi-gods—half man, half goat—believed by the Arabs to haunt these ruins; probably animals of the goat-ape species [Vitringa]. Devil-worshippers, who dance amid the ruins on a certain night [J. Wolff].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.