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■ 민수기 30장

1. 모세가 이스라엘 자손 지파의 두령들에게 일러 가로되 여호와의 명령이 이러하니라

  And Moses spake unto the heads of the tribes concerning the children of Israel , saying , This is the thing which the Lord hath commanded .

 

2. 사람이 여호와께 서원하였거나 마음을 제어하기로 서약하였거든 파약하지 말고 그 입에서 나온 대로 다 행할 것이니라

  If a man vow a vow unto the Lord , or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond ; he shall not break his word , he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth .

 

3. 또 여자가 만일 어려서 그 아비 집에 있을 때에 여호와께 서원한 일이나 스스로 제어하려 한 일이 있다 하자

  If a woman also vow a vow unto the Lord , and bind herself by a bond , being in her father’s house in her youth ;

 

4. 그 아비가 그의 서원이나 그 마음을 제어하려는 서약을 듣고도 그에게 아무 말이 없으면 그 모든 서원을 행할 것이요 그 마음을 제어하려는 서약을 지킬 것이니라

  And her father hear her vow , and her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul , and her father shall hold his peace at her: then all her vows shall stand , and every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand .

 

5. 그러나 그 아비가 그것을 듣는 날에 허락지 아니하면 그 서원과 마음을 제어하려던 서약이 이루지 못할 것이니 그 아비가 허락지 아니하였은즉 여호와께서 사하시리라

  But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth ; not any of her vows , or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul , shall stand : and the Lord shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her.

 

6. 또 혹시 남편을 맞을 때에 서원이나 마음을 제어하려는 서약을 경솔히 그 입에서 발하였다 하자

  And if she had at all an husband , when she vowed , or uttered ought out of her lips , wherewith she bound her soul ;

 

7. 그 남편이 그것을 듣고 그 듣는 날에 그에게 아무 말이 없으면 그 서원을 행할 것이요 그 마음을 제어하려는 서약을 지킬 것이니라

  And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her in the day that he heard it: then her vows shall stand , and her bonds wherewith she bound her soul shall stand .

 

8. 그러나 그 남편이 그것을 듣는 날에 허락지 아니하면 그 서원과 마음을 제어하려고 경솔히 입술에서 발한 서약이 무효될 것이니 여호와께서 그 여자를 사하시리라

  But if her husband disallowed her on the day that he heard it; then he shall make her vow which she vowed , and that which she uttered with her lips , wherewith she bound her soul , of none effect : and the Lord shall forgive her.

 

9. 과부나 이혼 당한 여자의 서원이나 무릇 그 마음을 제어하려는 서약은 지킬 것이니라

  But every vow of a widow , and of her that is divorced , wherewith they have bound their souls , shall stand against her.

 

10. 부녀가 혹시 그 남편의 집에 있어 서원을 하였다든지 마음을 제어하려고 서약하였다 하자

  And if she vowed in her husband’s house , or bound her soul by a bond with an oath ;

 

11. 그 남편이 그것을 듣고도 아무 말이 없고 금함이 없으면 그 서원은 무릇 행할 것이요 그 마음을 제어하려는 서약은 무릇 지킬 것이니라

  And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand , and every bond wherewith she bound her soul shall stand .

 

12. 그러나 그 남편이 그것을 듣는 날에 무효케 하면 그 서원과 마음을 제어하려던 일에 대하여 입술에서 낸 것을 무엇이든지 이루지 못하나니 그 남편이 그것을 무효케 하였은즉 여호와께서 그 부녀를 사하시느니라

  But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips concerning her vows , or concerning the bond of her soul , shall not stand : her husband hath made them void ; and the Lord shall forgive her.

 

13. 무릇 서원과 무릇 마음을 괴롭게 하려는 서약은 그 남편이 그것을 지키게도 할 수 있고 무효케도 할 수 있나니

  Every vow , and every binding oath to afflict the soul , her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void .

 

14. 그 남편이 일향 말이 없으면 아내의 서원과 스스로 제어하려는 일을 지키게 하는 것이니 이는 그가 그것을 들을 때에 그 아내에게 아무 말도 아니하였으므로 지키게 됨이니라

  But if her husband altogether hold his peace at her from day to day ; then he establisheth all her vows , or all her bonds , which are upon her: he confirmeth them, because he held his peace at her in the day that he heard them.

 

15. 그러나 그 남편이 들은지 얼마 후에 그것을 무효케 하면 그가 아내의 죄를 담당할 것이니라

  But if he shall any ways make them void after that he hath heard them; then he shall bear her iniquity .

 

16. 이는 여호와께서 모세에게 명하신 율례니 남편이 아내에게, 아비가 자기 집에 있는 유년 여자에게 대한 것이니라

  These are the statutes , which the Lord commanded Moses , between a man and his wife , between the father and his daughter , being yet in her youth in her father’s house .

 

■ 주석 보기

【민30:1 JFB】민30:1-16. Vows Are Not to Be Broken.
1. This is the thing which the Lord hath commanded—The subject of this chapter relates to vowing, which seems to have been an ancient usage, allowed by the law to remain, and by which some people declared their intention of offering some gift on the altar or abstaining from particular articles of meat or drink, of observing a private fast, or doing something to the honor or in the service of God, over and above what was authoritatively required. In 민29:39, mention was made of "vows and freewill offerings," and it is probable, from the explanatory nature of the rules laid down in this chapter, that these were given for the removal of doubts and difficulties which conscientious persons had felt about their obligation to perform their vows in certain circumstances that had arisen.

 

【민30:1 CWC】[BALAAM'S SCHEME AND ITS CONSEQUENCES]
We are not through with the "hireling" prophet. We find him referred to in three places in the New Testament. 벧후2:5 speaks of his "way," Jude 11 of his "error" and 계2:14 of his "doctrine."
His way is that which characterizes all false teachers, viz: making a market of their gifts. His error lay in failing to see the principle of the vicarious atonement by which God can be just and yet the justifier of believing sinners (롬3:26). In other words, he felt that a holy God must curse such a people as Israel, knowing only a natural morality. His doctrine, which concerns us more particularly just now, refers to his teaching Balak to corrupt the people whom he could not curse (compa계25:1-3 with 31:16). -- Scofield Bible.
1. Harlotry and Idolatry, c. 25.
Into what sin did the people fall (1)? This fall in morality was soon followed by what fall in religion (2, 3)? Baal was a general name for "lord" and "peor" for a mount in Moab. The real name of this lord of the mount was Chemosh, whose worship was celebrated by the grossest obscenity.
What punishment fell on them (4, 5)? Capital punishment in Israel meant that the victim was first stoned to death or otherwise slain, and then gibbeted. "The heads of the people" means the chief leaders in the outrage.
Verse 6 speaks of a flagitious act in connection with this disgraceful conduct, promptly revenged by whom (7)? What reward to him follows (12, 13)? What judgment had come to Israel (8)? What judgment does God order upon the Midianites (17, 18)?
2. Second Numbering, c. 26.
What new command is now given Moses (1, 2)? The probability is that the plague just mentioned had swept away the last of the older generation and hence the census.
This census was necessary to preserve the distinction of families in connection with the distribution of Canaan soon to take place.
By comparing the numbers with those of chapter 1, it will be seen that divine judgments had reduced the ranks of some of the tribes which had been particularly disobedient, while others had been increased so that Israel still continued about the same in numbers at the close of this period of thirty-eight years as at the beginning. What was the total diminution?
Before passing to the next chapter observe verse 64 and note that its statement must not be considered absolute. For, besides Caleb and Joshua, there were alive at this time Eleazar and Ithamar, and in all probability a number of Levites, who had no participation in the defections in the wilderness. The tribe of Levi, having neither sent a spy into Canaan, nor being included in the enumeration at Sinai, must be regarded as not coming within the range of the sentence; and therefore would exhibit a spectacle not witnessed in the other tribes of many in their ranks above sixty years of age -- Bible Commentary.
3. A Brief Glance at Chapters 27 to 30.
We pass over the request of the daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11), the injunction to Moses (12-14), and the ordination of Joshua (15-23), as requiring no explanation under the circumstances. The same may be said about the offerings (chapter 28) whose repetition was necessary doubtless because a new generation had sprung up since their enactment, and because the people would soon be settled in the land where they could be observed.
4. The Midianites Judged, and Balaam Slain, c. 31.
What is practically the last command Moses received from God (1, 2)?
The Midianites, as may be recalled, were descendants of the marriage of Abraham with Keturah, and occupied the east and the southeast of Moab. They were the chief actors in the plot to seduce Israel into idolatry, by which it was hoped Jehovah would withdraw His blessing from them and permit their enemies to triumph. Were the plan successful it would mean in so far the defeat of God's purpose for the redemption of the nations through the instrumentality of Israel as we have already learned. An understanding of this fact is necessary to preserve this chapter from misinterpretation.
A Religious War.
Who were to be avenged according to Jehovah (2)? And who according to Moses (3)? How interesting to perceive here another illustration of the identification of God with His people! They have the same cause, the same friends, and the same enemies. Compare 행9:4, 5.
And note another circumstance equally strange as the world considers things; viz: the preparation for death enjoined upon Moses! Were these Midianites his own enemies merely, one would expect him to be exhorted to forgive them and thus "die in peace with all the world." But being God's enemies, the most appropriate close of his earthly career would be to execute God's judgment upon them.
Are there not lessons here for the peace advocates of this century? While sympathizing with them in many things, yet if they expect wars to cease until God has had a final settlement with the wicked nations of the earth, they are yet in the primary class of Bible instruction.
"Some Things Hard to be Understood."
The faith of some will stumble at things in this record, but a deeper knowledge of God makes all plain, and our duty is to trust Him until that knowledge comes.
(1) The slaying of the males (7), was in accordance with the divine principle in all such cases, as shown in 신20:13. In this instance, however, the destruction seems to have been only partial, if we may judge by 삿6:1 and the following verses. Perhaps this is explained by the circumstance that only those families were slain who were in the neighborhood of the Hebrew camp or had been accomplices in the plot. Many may have saved themselves by flight.
(2) The slaying of Balaam (8) raises a question when we compare the statement with chapter 24:25. Perhaps he changed his plan about returning home after starting, and remained among the Midianites for the evil purpose already spoken of; or, learning that Israel had fallen into the snare laid, he may have returned to demand his reward from Midian. His judgment was just in consideration of his sin in the light of special revelations received from God.
(3) The killing of the women and children (14-18) will stagger us till we remember that Moses' wrath was not an ebullition of temper, but an expression of enlightened regard for the will of God, and the highest interests of Israel. By their conduct the women had forfeited all claims to other treatment, especially in view of the sacred character of this war. As to the male children, it is to be remembered that a war of extermination required their destruction. We will deal with this subject more fully when we come to the broader illustration in the destruction of the Canaanites in Joshua.
(4) Observe the declaration in verses 48-50, especially the last clause of 49. Here we have an astonishing miracle witnessing to the interposition of God in this whole matter, and in so far silencing every objection raised on the ground of cruelty and injustice. Compare here the opening verses of Psalm 44, and other similar places. These judgments of God on sin and disobedience should open our eyes to its nature, should cause us to tremble at the fear of it, and adore the grace which has given such guilty souls as we a sin bearer in Jesus Christ.

 

【민30:1 MHCC】No man can be bound by his own promise to do what he is already, by the Divine precept, forbidden to do. In other matters the command is, that he shall not break his words, through he may change his mind.

 

【민30:2 JFB】2. If a man vow a vow unto the Lord—A mere secret purpose of the mind was not enough to constitute a vow; it had to be actually expressed in words; and though a purely voluntary act, yet when once the vow was made, the performance of it, like that of every other promise, became an indispensable duty—all the more because, referring to a sacred thing, it could not be neglected without the guilt of prevarication and unfaithfulness to God.
he shall not break his word—literally, "profane his word"—render it vain and contemptible (시55:20; 89:34). But as it would frequently happen that parties would vow to do things which were neither good in themselves nor in their power to perform, the law ordained that their natural superiors should have the right of judging as to the propriety of those vows, with discretionary power to sanction or interdict their fulfilment. Parents were to determine in the case of their children, and husbands in that of their wives—being, however, allowed only a day for deliberation after the matter became known to them; and their judgment, if unfavorable, released the devotee from all obligation [민30:3-8].

 

【민30:3 JFB】3. If a woman also vow a vow unto the Lord, and bind herself by a bond, being in her father's house in her youth—Girls only are specified; but minors of the other sex, who resided under the parental roof, were included, according to Jewish writers, who also consider the name "father" as comprehending all guardians of youth. We are also told that the age at which young people were deemed capable of vowing was thirteen for boys and twelve for girls. The judgment of a father or guardian on the vow of any under his charge might be given either by an expressed approval or by silence, which was to be construed as approval. But in the case of a husband who, after silence from day to day, should ultimately disapprove or hinder his wife's vow, the sin of non-performance was to be imputed to him and not to her [민30:15].

 

【민30:3 MHCC】Two cases of vows are determined. The case of a daughter in her father's house. When her vow comes to his knowledge, it is in his power either to confirm it or do it away. The law is plain in the case of a wife. If her husband allows her vow, though only by silence, it stands. If he disallows it, her obligation to her husband takes place of it; for to him she ought to be in subjection, as unto the Lord. The Divine law consults the good order of families. It is fit that every man should bear rule in his own house, and have his wife and children in subjection; rather than that this great rule should be broken, or any encouragement be given to inferior relations to break those bonds asunder, God releases the obligation even of a solemn vow. So much does religion secure the welfare of all societies; and in it the families of the earth have a blessing.

 

【민30:9 JFB】9. every vow of a widow—In the case of a married woman, who, in the event of a separation from her husband, or of his death, returned, as was not uncommon, to her father's house, a doubt might have been entertained whether she was not, as before, subject to paternal jurisdiction and obliged to act with the paternal consent. The law ordained that the vow was binding if it had been made in her husband's lifetime, and he, on being made aware of it, had not interposed his veto [민30:10, 11]; as, for instance, she might have vowed, when not a widow, that she would assign a portion of her income to pious and charitable uses, of which she might repent when actually a widow; but by this statute she was required to fulfil the obligation, provided her circumstances enabled her to redeem the pledge. The rules laid down must have been exceedingly useful for the prevention or cancelling of rash vows, as well as for giving a proper sanction to such as were legitimate in their nature, and made in a devout, reflecting spirit.

 

※ 일러두기

웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.

 

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