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■ 민수기 14장
1. 온 회중이 소리를 높여 부르짖으며 밤새도록 백성이 곡하였더라
And all the congregation lifted up their voice , and cried ; and the people wept that night .
2. 이스라엘 자손이 다 모세와 아론을 원망하며 온 회중이 그들에게 이르되 우리가 애굽 땅에서 죽었거나 이 광야에서 죽었더면 좋았을 것을
And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron : and the whole congregation said unto them, Would God that we had died in the land of Egypt ! or would God we had died in this wilderness !
3. 어찌하여 여호와가 우리를 그 땅으로 인도하여 칼에 망하게 하려 하는고 우리 처자가 사로잡히리니 애굽으로 돌아가는 것이 낫지 아니하랴
And wherefore hath the Lord brought us unto this land , to fall by the sword , that our wives and our children should be a prey ? were it not better for us to return into Egypt ?
4. 이에 서로 말하되 우리가 한 장관을 세우고 애굽으로 돌아가자 하매
And they said one to another , Let us make a captain , and let us return into Egypt .
5. 모세와 아론이 이스라엘 자손의 온 회중 앞에서 엎드린지라
Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly of the congregation of the children of Israel .
6. 그 땅을 탐지한 자 중 눈의 아들 여호수아와 여분네의 아들 갈렙이 그 옷을 찢고
And Joshua the son of Nun , and Caleb the son of Jephunneh , which were of them that searched the land , rent their clothes :
7. 이스라엘 자손의 온 회중에 일러 가로되 우리가 두루 다니며 탐지한 땅은 심히 아름다운 땅이라
And they spake unto all the company of the children of Israel , saying , The land , which we passed through to search it, is an exceeding good land .
8. 여호와께서 우리를 기뻐하시면 우리를 그 땅으로 인도하여 들이시고 그 땅을 우리에게 주시리라 이는 과연 젖과 꿀이 흐르는 땅이니라
If the Lord delight in us, then he will bring us into this land , and give it us; a land which floweth with milk and honey .
9. 오직 여호와를 거역하지 말라 또 그 땅 백성을 두려워하지 말라 그들은 우리 밥이라 그들의 보호자는 그들에게서 떠났고 여호와는 우리와 함께 하시느니라 그들을 두려워 말라 하나
Only rebel not ye against the Lord , neither fear ye the people of the land ; for they are bread for us: their defence is departed from them, and the Lord is with us: fear them not.
10. 온 회중이 그들을 돌로 치려하는 동시에 여호와의 영광이 회막에서 이스라엘 모든 자손에게 나타나시니라
But all the congregation bade stone them with stones . And the glory of the Lord appeared in the tabernacle of the congregation before all the children of Israel .
11. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 이 백성이 어느 때까지 나를 멸시하겠느냐 내가 그들 중에 모든 이적을 행한 것도 생각하지 아니하고 어느 때까지 나를 믿지 않겠느냐
And the Lord said unto Moses , How long will this people provoke me? and how long will it be ere they believe me, for all the signs which I have shewed among them?
12. 내가 전염병으로 그들을 쳐서 멸하고 너로 그들보다 크고 강한 나라를 이루게 하리라
I will smite them with the pestilence , and disinherit them, and will make of thee a greater nation and mightier than they.
13. 모세가 여호와께 여짜오되 애굽인 중에서 주의 능력으로 이 백성을 인도하여 내셨거늘 그리하시면 그들이 듣고
And Moses said unto the Lord , Then the Egyptians shall hear it, ( for thou broughtest up this people in thy might from among them;)
14. 이 땅 거민에게 고하리이다 주 여호와께서 이 백성 중에 계심을 그들도 들었으니 곧 주 여호와께서 대면하여 보이시며 주의 구름이 그들 위에 섰으며 주께서 낮에는 구름기둥 가운데서 밤에는 불기둥 가운데서 그들 앞에서 행하시는 것이니이다
And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land : for they have heard that thou Lord art among this people , that thou Lord art seen face to face , and that thy cloud standeth over them, and that thou goest before them, by day time in a pillar of a cloud , and in a pillar of fire by night .
15. 이제 주께서 이 백성을 한 사람 같이 죽이시면 주의 명성을 들은 열국이 말하여 이르기를
Now if thou shalt kill all this people as one man , then the nations which have heard the fame of thee will speak , saying ,
16. 여호와가 이 백성에게 주기로 맹세한 땅에 인도할 능이 없는 고로 광야에서 죽였다 하리이다
Because the Lord was not able to bring this people into the land which he sware unto them, therefore he hath slain them in the wilderness .
17. 이제 구하옵나니 이미 말씀하신 대로 주의 큰 권능을 나타내옵소서 이르시기를
And now, I beseech thee, let the power of my Lord be great , according as thou hast spoken , saying ,
18. 여호와는 노하기를 더디하고 인자가 많아 죄악과 과실을 사하나 형벌 받을 자는 결단코 사하지 아니하고 아비의 죄악을 자식에게 갚아 삼사대까지 이르게 하리라 하셨나이다
The Lord is longsuffering , and of great mercy , forgiving iniquity and transgression , and by no means clearing the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation.
19. 구하옵나니 주의 인자의 광대하심을 따라 이 백성의 죄악을 사하시되 애굽에서부터 지금까지 이 백성을 사하신 것 같이 사하옵소서
Pardon , I beseech thee, the iniquity of this people according unto the greatness of thy mercy , and as thou hast forgiven this people , from Egypt even until now .
20. 여호와께서 가라사대 내가 네 말대로 사하노라
And the Lord said , I have pardoned according to thy word :
21. 그러나 진실로 나의 사는 것과 여호와의 영광이 온 세계에 충만할 것으로 맹세하노니
But as truly as I live , all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the Lord .
22. 나의 영광과 애굽과 광야에서 행한 나의 이적을 보고도 이같이 열 번이나 나를 시험하고 내 목소리를 청종치 아니한 그 사람들은
Because all those men which have seen my glory , and my miracles , which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness , and have tempted me now these ten times , and have not hearkened to my voice ;
23. 내가 그 조상들에게 맹세한 땅을 결단코 보지 못할 것이요 또 나를 멸시하는 사람은 하나라도 그것을 보지 못하리라
Surely they shall not see the land which I sware unto their fathers , neither shall any of them that provoked me see it:
24. 오직 내 종 갈렙은 그 마음이 그들과 달라서 나를 온전히 좇았은즉 그의 갔던 땅으로 내가 그를 인도하여 들이리니 그 자손이 그 땅을 차지하리라
But my servant Caleb , because he had another spirit with him, and hath followed me fully , him will I bring into the land whereinto he went ; and his seed shall possess it.
25. 아말렉인과 가나안인이 골짜기에 거하나니 너희는 내일 돌이켜 홍해 길로 하여 광야로 들어갈지니라
(Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwelt in the valley .) To morrow turn you, and get you into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea .
26. 여호와께서 모세와 아론에게 일러 가라사대
And the Lord spake unto Moses and unto Aaron , saying ,
27. 나를 원망하는 이 악한 회중을 내가 어느 때까지 참으랴 이스라엘 자손이 나를 향하여 원망하는바 그 원망하는 말을 내가 들었노라
How long shall I bear with this evil congregation , which murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel , which they murmur against me.
28. 그들에게 이르기를 여호와의 말씀에 나의 삶을 가리켜 맹세하노라 너희 말이 내 귀에 들린 대로 내가 너희에게 행하리니
Say unto them, As truly as I live , saith the Lord , as ye have spoken in mine ears , so will I do to you:
29. 너희 시체가 이 광야에 엎드러질 것이라 너희 이십 세 이상으로 게수함을 받은 자 곧 나를 원망한 자의 전부가
Your carcases shall fall in this wilderness ; and all that were numbered of you, according to your whole number , from twenty years old and upward , which have murmured against me,
30. 여분네의 아들 갈렙과 눈의 아들 여호수아 외에는 내가 맹세하여 너희로 거하게 하리라 한 땅에 결단코 들어가지 못하리라
Doubtless ye shall not come into the land , concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh , and Joshua the son of Nun .
31. 너희가 사로잡히겠다고 말하던 너희의 유아들은 내가 인도하여 들이리니 그들은 너희가 싫어하던 땅을 보려니와
But your little ones , which ye said should be a prey , them will I bring in , and they shall know the land which ye have despised .
32. 너희 시체는 이 광야에 엎드러질 것이요
But as for you, your carcases , they shall fall in this wilderness .
33. 너희 자녀들은 너희의 패역한 죄를 지고 너희의 시체가 광야에서 소멸되기까지 사십 년을 광야에서 유리하는 자가 되리라
And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years , and bear your whoredoms , until your carcases be wasted in the wilderness .
34. 너희가 그 땅을 탐지한 날 수 사십 일의 하루를 일년으로 환산하여 그 사십 년간 너희가 너희의 죄악을 질지니 너희가 나의 싫어 버림을 알리라 하셨다 하라
After the number of the days in which ye searched the land , even forty days , each day for a year , shall ye bear your iniquities , even forty years , and ye shall know my breach of promise .
35. 나 여호와가 말하였거니와 모여 나를 거역하는 이 악한 온 회중에게 내가 단정코 이같이 행하리니 그들이 이 광야에서 소멸되어 거기서 죽으리라
I the Lord have said , I will surely do it unto all this evil congregation , that are gathered together against me: in this wilderness they shall be consumed , and there they shall die .
36. 모세의 보냄을 받고 땅을 탐지하고 돌아와서 그 땅을 악평하여 온 회중으로 모세를 원망케 한 사람
And the men , which Moses sent to search the land , who returned , and made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up a slander upon the land ,
37. 곧 그 땅에 대하여 악평한 자들은 여호와 앞에서 재앙으로 죽었고
Even those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land , died by the plague before the Lord .
38. 그 땅을 탐지하러 갔던 사람들 중에 오직 눈의 아들 여호수아와 여분네의 아들 갈렙은 생존하니라
But Joshua the son of Nun , and Caleb the son of Jephunneh , which were of the men that went to search the land , lived still.
39. 모세가 이 말로 이스라엘 모든 자손에게 고하매 백성이 크게 슬퍼하여
And Moses told these sayings unto all the children of Israel : and the people mourned greatly .
40. 아침에 일찍이 일어나 산꼭대기로 올라가며 가로되 보소서 우리가 여기 있나이다 우리가 여호와의 허락하신 곳으로 올라 가리니 우리가 범죄하였음이니이다
And they rose up early in the morning , and gat them up into the top of the mountain , saying , Lo , we be here, and will go up unto the place which the Lord hath promised : for we have sinned .
41. 모세가 가로되 너희가 어찌하여 이제 여호와의 명령을 범하느냐 이 일이 형통치 못하리라
And Moses said , Wherefore now do ye transgress the commandment of the Lord ? but it shall not prosper .
42. 여호와께서 너희 중에 계시지 아니하니 올라가지 말라 너희 대적 앞에서 패할까 하노라
Go not up , for the Lord is not among you; that ye be not smitten before your enemies .
43. 아말렉인과 가나안인이 너희 앞에 있으니 너희가 그 칼에 망하리라 너희가 여호와를 배반하였으니 여호와께서 너희와 함께 하지 아니하시리라 하나
For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and ye shall fall by the sword : because ye are turned away from the Lord , therefore the Lord will not be with you.
44. 그들이 그래도 산꼭대기로 올라갔고 여호와의 언약궤와 모세는 진을 떠나지 아니하였더라
But they presumed to go up unto the hill top : nevertheless the ark of the covenant of the Lord , and Moses , departed not out of the camp .
45. 아말렉인과 산지에 거하는 가나안인이 내려와 쳐서 파하고 호르마까지 이르렀더라
Then the Amalekites came down , and the Canaanites which dwelt in that hill , and smote them, and discomfited them, even unto Hormah .
■ 주석 보기
【민14:1 JFB】민14:1-45. The People Murmur at the Spies' Report.
1. all the congregation lifted up their voice and cried—Not literally all, for there were some exceptions.
【민14:1 CWC】[THE CRISIS AT KADESH-BARNEA]
The unbelief exhibited at Kadesh-barnea, and the divine comment on it invest the transaction with great significance. The people had faith to sprinkle the blood of atonement (출12:28), and to come out of Egypt (type of the world), but had not faith to enter their Canaan rest. Therefore, though redeemed, they "grieved" Jehovah for forty years. Compare the chapters of this lesson with 신1:19-40; 고전10:1-5; 히3:12-19; 4:3-11.
Outline of the Chapters.
In the lesson we have:
(1) God's command to Moses and his execution of it (13:1-20).
(2) The work of the spies (21-25).
(3) Their report to Moses, Aaron and the congregation (26-33).
(4) The effect on the congregation (14:1-10).
(5) Jehovah's threat (11, 12).
(6) Moses' intercession (13-19).
(7) Jehovah's answer and decree of chastisement (20-38).
(8) The presumption and punishment of the people (39-45).
Matters to be Noted.
(1) By comparing 신1:23, it will be seen that the proposition about the spies came from the people themselves, God granting their request both as a trial and punishment of their unbelief. Led by the pillar of fire and cloud they might have entered and conquered the land without any reconnaissance of it.
(2) Kadesh (13:26) is usually identified with Kadesh-barnea mentioned in 32:8, and since the researches of Henry Clay Trumbull (1884) there has been little doubt about it.
(3) According to 느9:17. the unbelief of the people actually went the length of nominating a "captain" to lead them back to Egypt, demonstrating the wisdom of the decree that debarred that generation from entering the promised land.
(4) Remember the two witnesses for God (14:6), often referred to afterwards, and reflect on the arguments they present (7-9). If Jehovah's word be true as to the land, may we not believe it as to His ability to bring us in? By what divine interposition only where the lives of these witnesses preserved (10)?
(5) Moses' intercession is another of the great prayers of the Bible. See the boldness of his faith in the arguments he employs. For whose honor is he most concerned (13-16)? What promise does he quote (17, 18)? Where in previous lessons was this commented on? What precedent does Moses rely upon (19)?
(6) Do not pass by the prophecy of V. 21. How much of human hopes are wrapped up in these words! Primarily they mean that the report of God's doings at that time would spread over all the land magnifying His name, but their ultimate application is to the millennium and beyond, as we shall see.
(7) How perverse the conduct of the Israelites, who, shortly before, were afraid that, though God was with them, they could not get possession of the land; yet now they act still more foolishly in supposing that, though God were not with them, they could expel the inhabitants by their unaided efforts. The consequences were such as might have been anticipated.
【민14:1 MHCC】Those who do not trust God, continually vex themselves. The sorrow of the world worketh death. The Israelites murmured against Moses and Aaron, and in them reproached the Lord. They look back with causeless discontent. See the madness of unbridled passions, which makes men prodigal of what nature accounts most dear, life itself. They wish rather to die criminals under God's justice, than to live conquerors in his favour. At last they resolve, that, instead of going forward to Canaan, they would go back to Egypt. Those who walk not in God's counsels, seek their own ruin. Could they expect that God's cloud would lead them, or his manna attend them? Suppose the difficulties of conquering Canaan were as they imagined, those of returning to Egypt were much greater. We complain of our place and lot, and we would change; but is there any place or condition in this world, that has not something in it to make us uneasy, if we are disposed to be so? The way to better our condition, is to get our spirits in a better frame. See the folly of turning from the ways of God. But men run on the certain fatal consequences of a sinful course.
【민14:2 JFB】2-4. Would God that we had died in Egypt—Such insolence to their generous leaders, and such base ingratitude to God, show the deep degradation of the Israelites, and the absolute necessity of the decree that debarred that generation from entering the promised land [민14:29-35]. They were punished by their wishes being granted to die in that wilderness [히3:17; Jude 5]. A leader to reconduct them to Egypt is spoken of (느9:17) as actually nominated. The sinfulness and insane folly of their conduct are almost incredible. Their conduct, however, is paralleled by too many among us, who shrink from the smallest difficulties and rather remain slaves to sin than resolutely try to surmount the obstacles that lie in their way to the Canaan above.
【민14:5 JFB】5. Moses and Aaron fell on their faces—as humble and earnest suppliants—either to the people, entreating them to desist from so perverse a design; or rather, to God, as the usual and only refuge from the violence of that tumultuous and stiff-necked rabble—a hopeful means of softening and impressing their hearts.
【민14:5 MHCC】Moses and Aaron were astonished to see a people throw away their own mercies. Caleb and Joshua assured the people of the goodness of the land. They made nothing of the difficulties in the way of their gaining it. If men were convinced of the desirableness of the gains of religion, they would not stick at the services of it. Though the Canaanites dwell in walled cities, their defence was departed from them. The other spies took notice of their strength, but these of their wickedness. No people can be safe, when they have provoked God to leave them. Though Israel dwell in tents, they are fortified. While we have the presence of God with us, we need not fear the most powerful force against us. Sinners are ruined by their own rebellion. But those who, like Caleb and Joshua, faithfully expose themselves for God, are sure to be taken under his special protection, and shall be hid from the rage of men, either under heaven or in heaven. (민14:11-19)
【민14:6 JFB】6. Joshua … and Caleb, which were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes—The two honest spies testified their grief and horror, in the strongest manner, at the mutiny against Moses and the blasphemy against God; while at the same time they endeavored, by a truthful statement, to persuade the people of the ease with which they might obtain possession of so desirable a country, provided they did not, by their rebellion and ingratitude, provoke God to abandon them.
【민14:8 JFB】8. a land flowing with milk and honey—a general expression, descriptive of a rich and fertile country. The two articles specified were among the principal products of the Holy Land.
【민14:9 JFB】9. their defence is departed—Hebrew, "their shadow." The Sultan of Turkey and the Shah of Persia are called "the shadow of God," "the refuge of the world." So that the meaning of the clause, "their defence is departed from them," is, that the favor of God was now lost to those whose iniquities were full (창15:16), and transferred to the Israelites.
【민14:10 JFB】10. the glory of the Lord appeared—It was seasonably manifested on this great emergency to rescue His ambassadors from their perilous situation.
【민14:11 MHCC】Moses made humble intercession for Israel. Herein he was a type of Christ, who prayed for those that despitefully used him. The pardon of a nation's sin, is the turning away the nation's punishment; and for that Moses is here so earnest. Moses argued that, consistently with God's character, in his abundant mercies, he could forgive them.
【민14:12 JFB】12. the Lord said, … I will smite them with the pestilence—not a final decree, but a threatening, suspended, as appeared from the issue, on the intercession of Moses and the repentance of Israel.
【민14:17 JFB】17. let the power of my Lord be great—be magnified.
【민14:20 MHCC】The Lord granted the prayer of Moses so far as not at once to destroy the congregation. But disbelief of the promise forbids the benefit. Those who despise the pleasant land shall be shut out of it. The promise of God should be fulfilled to their children. They wished to die in the wilderness; God made their sin their ruin, took them at their word, and their carcases fell in the wilderness. They were made to groan under the burden of their own sin, which was too heavy for them to bear. Ye shall know my breach of promise, both the causes of it, that it is procured by your sin, for God never leaves any till they first leave him; and the consequences of it, that will produce your ruin. But your little ones, now under twenty years old, which ye, in your unbelief, said should be a prey, them will I bring in. God will let them know that he can put a difference between the guilty and the innocent, and cut them off without touching their children. Thus God would not utterly take away his loving kindness.
【민14:21 JFB】21. all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the Lord—This promise, in its full acceptation, remains to be verified by the eventual and universal prevalence of Christianity in the world. But the terms were used restrictively in respect to the occasion, to the report which would spread over all the land of the "terrible things in righteousness" [시65:5] which God would do in the infliction of the doom described, to which that rebellious race was now consigned.
【민14:22 JFB】22. ten times—very frequently.
【민14:24 JFB】24. my servant Caleb—Joshua was also excepted, but he is not named because he was no longer in the ranks of the people, being a constant attendant on Moses.
because he had another spirit with him, and hath followed me fully—Under the influence of God's Spirit, Caleb was a man of bold, generous, heroic courage, above worldly anxieties and fears.
【민14:25 JFB】25. (Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwelt in the valley)—that is, on the other side of the Idumean mountain, at whose base they were then encamped. Those nomad tribes had at that time occupied it with a determination to oppose the further progress of the Hebrew people. Hence God gave the command that they seek a safe and timely retreat into the desert, to escape the pursuit of those resolute enemies, to whom, with their wives and children, they would fall a helpless prey because they had forfeited the presence and protection of God. This verse forms an important part of the narrative and should be freed from the parenthetical form which our English translators have given it.
【민14:30 JFB】30. save Caleb … and Joshua—These are specially mentioned, as honorable exceptions to the rest of the scouts, and also as the future leaders of the people. But it appears that some of the old generation did not join in the mutinous murmuring, including in that number the whole order of the priests (수14:1).
【민14:34 JFB】34. ye shall know my breach of promise—that is, in consequence of your violation of the covenant betwixt you and Me, by breaking the terms of it, it shall be null and void on My part, as I shall withhold the blessings I promised in that covenant to confer on you on condition of your obedience.
【민14:36 JFB】36-38. those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague before the Lord—Ten of the spies struck dead on the spot—either by the pestilence or some other judgment. This great and appalling mortality clearly betokened the hand of the Lord.
【민14:36 MHCC】Here is the sudden death of the ten evil spies. They sinned in bringing a slander upon the land of promise. Those greatly provoke God, who misrepresent religion, raise dislike in men's minds toward it, or give opportunity to those to do so, who seek occasion. Justly are murmurers made mourners. If they had mourned for the sin, when they were faithfully reproved, the sentence had been prevented; but as they mourned for the judgment only, it did them no service. There is in hell such mourning as this; but tears will not quench the flames, nor cool the tongue.
【민14:40 JFB】40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain—Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by their active preparations to ascend the hill, notwithstanding the divine warning they had received not to undertake that enterprise.
for we have sinned—that is, realizing our sin, we now repent of it, and are eager to do as Caleb and Joshua exhorted us—or, as some render it, though we have sinned, we trust God will yet give us the land of promise. The entreaties of their prudent and pious leader, who represented to them that their enemies, scaling the other side of the valley, would post themselves on the top of the hill before them, were disregarded. How strangely perverse the conduct of the Israelites, who, shortly before, were afraid that, though their Almighty King was with them, they could not get possession of the land; and yet now they act still more foolishly in supposing that, though God were not with them, they could expel the inhabitants by their unaided efforts. The consequences were such as might have been anticipated. The Amalekites and Canaanites, who had been lying in ambuscade expecting their movement, rushed down upon them from the heights and became the instruments of punishing their guilty rebellion.
【민14:40 MHCC】Some of the Israelites were now earnest to go forward toward Canaan. But it came too late. If men would but be as earnest for heaven while their day of grace lasts, as they will be when it is over, how well would it be for them! That which has been duty in its season, when mistimed, may be turned into sin. Those who are out of the way of their duty, are not under God's protection, and go at their peril. God bade them go, and they would not; he forbade them, and they would go. Thus is the carnal mind enmity against God. They had distrusted God's strength; they now presume upon their own without his. And the expedition fails accordingly; now the sentence began to be executed, that their carcases should fall in the wilderness. That affair can never end well, which begins with sin. The way to obtain peace with our friends, and success against our enemies, is, to have God, as our Friend, and to keep in his love. Let us take warning from the fate of Israel, lest we perish after the same example of unbelief. Let us go forth, depending on God's mercy, power, promise, and truth; he will be with us, and bring our souls to everlasting rest.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.