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■ 마가복음 13장
1. 예수께서 성전에서 나가실 때에 제자 중 하나가 가로되 선생님이여 보소서 이 돌들이 어떠하며 이 건물들이 어떠하니이까
And as he went out of the temple , one of his disciples saith unto him , Master , see what manner of stones and what buildings are here!
2. 예수께서 이르시되 네가 이 큰 건물들을 보느냐 돌 하나도 돌 위에 남지 않고 다 무너뜨려지리라 하시니라
And Jesus answering said unto him , Seest thou these great buildings ? there shall not be left one stone upon another , that shall not be thrown down .
3. 예수께서 감람 산에서 성전을 마주 대하여 앉으셨을 때에 베드로와 야고보와 요한과 안드레가 종용히 묻자오되
And as he sat upon the mount of Olives over against the temple , Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately ,
4. 우리에게 이르소서 어느 때에 이런 일이 있겠사오며 이 모든 일이 이루려 할 때에 무슨 징조가 있사오리이까
Tell us , when shall these things be ? and what shall be the sign when all these things shall be fulfilled ?
5. 예수께서 이르시되 너희가 사람의 미혹을 받지 않도록 주의하라
And Jesus answering them began to say , Take heed lest any man deceive you :
6. 많은 사람이 내 이름으로 와서 이르되 내가 그로라 하여 많은 사람을 미혹케 하리라
For many shall come in my name , saying , I am Christ; and shall deceive many .
7. 난리와 난리 소문을 들을 때에 두려워 말라 이런 일이 있어야 하되 끝은 아직 아니니라
And when ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars , be ye not troubled : for such things must needs be ; but the end shall not be yet .
8. 민족이 민족을, 나라가 나라를 대적하여 일어나겠고 처처에 지진이 있으며 기근이 있으리니 이는 재난의 시작이니라
For nation shall rise against nation , and kingdom against kingdom : and there shall be earthquakes in divers places , and there shall be famines and troubles : these are the beginnings of sorrows .
9. 너희는 스스로 조심하라 사람들이 너희를 공회에 넘겨주겠고 너희를 회당에서 매질하겠으며 나를 인하여 너희가 관장들과 임금들 앞에 서리니 이는 저희에게 증거되려함이라
But take heed to yourselves : for they shall deliver you up to councils ; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten : and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake , for a testimony against them .
10. 또 복음이 먼저 만국에 전파되어야 할 것이니라
And the gospel must first be published among all nations .
11. 사람들이 너희를 끌어다가 넘겨줄 때에 무슨 말을 할까 미리 염려치 말고 무엇이든지 그 시에 너희에게 주시는 그 말을 하라 말하는 이는 너희가 아니요 성령이시니라
But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up , take no thought beforehand what ye shall speak , neither do ye premeditate : but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour , that speak ye : for it is not ye that speak , but the Holy Ghost .
12. 형제가 형제를, 아비가 자식을 죽는데 내어주며 자식들이 부모를 대적하여 죽게 하리라
Now the brother shall betray the brother to death , and the father the son ; and children shall rise up against their parents , and shall cause them to be put to death .
13. 또 너희가 내 이름을 인하여 모든 사람에게 미움을 받을 것이나 나중까지 견디는 자는 구원을 얻으리라
And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake : but he that shall endure unto the end , the same shall be saved .
14. 멸망의 가증한 것이 서지 못할 곳에 선 것을 보거든 (읽는 자는 깨달을진저) 그 때에 유대에 있는 자들은 산으로 도망할지어다
But when ye shall see the abomination of desolation , spoken of by Daniel the prophet , standing where it ought not , (let him that readeth understand ,) then let them that be in Judæa flee to the mountains :
15. 지붕 위에 있는 자는 내려가지도 말고 집에 있는 무엇을 가지러 들어가지도 말며
And let him that is on the housetop not go down into the house , neither enter therein, to take any thing out of his house :
16. 밭에 있는 자는 겉옷을 가지러 뒤로 돌이키지 말지어다
And let him that is in the field not turn back again for to take up his garment .
17. 그 날에는 아이 밴 자들과 젖먹이는 자들에게 화가 있으리로다
But woe to them that are with child , and to them that give suck in those days !
18. 이 일이 겨울에 나지 않도록 기도하라
And pray ye that your flight be not in the winter .
19. 이는 그 날들은 환난의 날이 되겠음이라 하나님의 창조하신 창조부터 지금까지 이런 환난이 없었고 후에도 없으리라
For in those days shall be affliction , such as was not from the beginning of the creation which God created unto this time , neither shall be .
20. 만일 주께서 그 날들을 감하지 아니하셨더면 모든 육체가 구원을 얻지 못할 것이어늘 자기의 택하신 백성을 위하여 그 날들을 감하셨느니라
And except that the Lord had shortened those days , no flesh should be saved : but for the elect’s sake , whom he hath chosen , he hath shortened the days .
21. 그 때에 사람이 너희에게 말하되 보라 그리스도가 여기 있다 보라 저기 있다 하여도 믿지 말라
And then if any man shall say to you , Lo , here is Christ ; or , lo , he is there ; believe him not :
22. 거짓 그리스도들과 거짓 선지자들이 일어나서 이적과 기사를 행하여 할 수만 있으면 택하신 백성을 미혹케 하려 하리라
For false Christs and false prophets shall rise , and shall shew signs and wonders , to seduce , if it were possible , even the elect .
23. 너희는 삼가라 내가 모든 일을 너희에게 미리 말하였노라
But take ye heed : behold , I have foretold you all things .
24. 그 때에 그 환난 후 해가 어두워지며 달이 빛을 내지 아니하며
But in those days , after that tribulation , the sun shall be darkened , and the moon shall not give her light ,
25. 별들이 하늘에서 떨어지며 하늘에 있는 권능들이 흔들리리라
And the stars of heaven shall fall , and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken .
26. 그 때에 인자가 구름을 타고 큰 권능과 영광으로 오는 것을 사람들이 보리라
And then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds with great power and glory .
27. 또 그 때에 저가 천사들을 보내어 자기 택하신 자들을 땅 끝으로부터 하늘 끝까지 사방에서 모으리라
And then shall he send his angels , and shall gather together his elect from the four winds , from the uttermost part of the earth to the uttermost part of heaven .
28. 무화과나무의 비유를 배우라 그 가지가 연하여지고 잎사귀를 내면 여름이 가까운 줄을 아나니
Now learn a parable of the fig tree ; When her branch is yet tender , and putteth forth leaves , ye know that summer is near :
29. 이와 같이 너희가 이런 일이 나는 것을 보거든 인자가 가까이 곧 문 앞에 이른 줄을 알라
So ye in like manner , when ye shall see these things come to pass , know that it is nigh , even at the doors .
30. 내가 진실로 너희에게 말하노니 이 세대가 지나가기 전에 이 일이 다 이루리라
Verily I say unto you , that this generation shall not pass , till all these things be done .
31. 천지는 없어지겠으나 내 말은 없어지지 아니하리라
Heaven and earth shall pass away : but my words shall not pass away .
32. 그러나 그 날과 그 때는 아무도 모르나니 하늘에 있는 천사들도, 아들도 모르고 아버지만 아시느니라
But of that day and that hour knoweth no man , no, not the angels which are in heaven , neither the Son , but the Father .
33. 주의하라 깨어 있으라 그 때가 언제인지 알지 못함이니라
Take ye heed , watch and pray : for ye know not when the time is .
34. 가령 사람이 집을 떠나 타국으로 갈 때에 그 종들에게 권한을 주어 각각 사무를 맡기며 문지기에게 깨어 있으라 명함과 같으니
For the Son of man is as a man taking a far journey , who left his house , and gave authority to his servants , and to every man his work , and commanded the porter to watch .
35. 그러므로 깨어 있으라 집 주인이 언제 올는지 혹 저물 때엘는지, 밤중엘는지, 닭 울 때엘는지, 새벽엘는지 너희가 알지 못함이라
Watch ye therefore : for ye know not when the master of the house cometh , at even , or at midnight , or at the cockcrowing , or in the morning :
36. 그가 홀연히 와서 너희의 자는 것을 보지 않도록 하라
Lest coming suddenly he find you sleeping .
37. 깨어 있으라 내가 너희에게 하는 이 말이 모든 사람에게 하는 말이니라 하시니라
And what I say unto you I say unto all , Watch .
■ 주석 보기
【막13:1 JFB】막13:1-37. Christ's Prophecy of the Destruction of Jerusalem, and Warnings Suggested by It to Prepare for His Second Coming. ( = 마24:1-51; Lu 21:5-36).
Jesus had uttered all His mind against the Jewish ecclesiastics, exposing their character with withering plainness, and denouncing, in language of awful severity, the judgments of God against them for that unfaithfulness to their trust which was bringing ruin upon the nation. He had closed this His last public discourse (마23:1-39) by a passionate lamentation over Jerusalem, and a solemn farewell to the temple. "And," says Matthew (마24:1), "Jesus went out and departed from the temple"—never more to re-enter its precincts, or open His mouth in public teaching. With this act ended His public ministry. As He withdrew, says Olshausen, the gracious presence of God left the sanctuary; and the temple, with all its service, and the whole theocratic constitution, was given over to destruction. What immediately followed is, as usual, most minutely and graphically described by our Evangelist.
1. And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto him—The other Evangelists are less definite. "As some spake," says Luke (Lu 21:5); "His disciples came to Him," says Matthew (마24:2). Doubtless it was the speech of one, the mouthpiece, likely, of others.
Master—Teacher.
see what manner of stones and what buildings are here—wondering probably, how so massive a pile could be overthrown, as seemed implied in our Lord's last words regarding it. Josephus, who gives a minute account of the wonderful structure, speaks of stones forty cubits long [Wars of the Jews, 5.5.1.] and says the pillars supporting the porches were twenty-five cubits high, all of one stone, and that of the whitest marble [Wars of the Jews, 5.5.2]. Six days' battering at the walls, during the siege, made no impression upon them [Wars of the Jews, 6.4.1]. Some of the under-building, yet remaining, and other works, are probably as old as the first temple.
【막13:1 MHCC】See how little Christ values outward pomp, where there is not real purity of heart. He looks with pity upon the ruin of precious souls, and weeps over them, but we do not find him look with pity upon the ruin of a fine house. Let us then be reminded how needful it is for us to have a more lasting abode in heaven, and to be prepared for it by the influences of the Holy Spirit, sought in the earnest use of all the means of grace.
【막13:2 JFB】2. And Jesus answering said unto him, Seest thou these great buildings?—"Ye call My attention to these things? I have seen them. Ye point to their massive and durable appearance: now listen to their fate."
there shall not be left—"left here" (마24:2).
one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down—Titus ordered the whole city and temple to be demolished [Josephus, Wars of the Jews, 7.1.1]; Eleazar wished they had all died before seeing that holy city destroyed by enemies' hands, and before the temple was so profanely dug up [Wars of the Jews, 7.8.7].
【막13:3 JFB】3. And as he sat upon the Mount of Olives, over against the temple—On their way from Jerusalem to Bethany they would cross Mount Olivet; on its summit He seats Himself, over against the temple, having the city all spread out under His eye. How graphically is this set before us by our Evangelist!
Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately—The other Evangelists tell us merely that "the disciples" did so. But Mark not only says that it was four of them, but names them; and they were the first quarternion of the Twelve.
【막13:4 JFB】4. Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign when all these things shall be fulfilled?—"and what shall be the sign of Thy coming, and of the end of the world?" They no doubt looked upon the date of all these things as one and the same, and their notions of the things themselves were as confused as of the times of them. Our Lord takes His own way of meeting their questions.
【막13:5 JFB】Prophecies of the Destruction of Jerusalem (막13:5-31).
5. And Jesus answering them began to say, Take heed lest any man deceive you:
【막13:5 MHCC】Our Lord Jesus, in reply to the disciples' question, does not so much satisfy their curiosity as direct their consciences. When many are deceived, we should thereby be awakened to look to ourselves. And the disciples of Christ, if it be not their own fault, may enjoy holy security and peace of mind, when all around is in disorder. But they must take heed that they are not drawn away from Christ and their duty to him, by the sufferings they will meet with for his sake. They shall be hated of all men: trouble enough! Yet the work they were called to should be carried on and prosper. Though they may be crushed and borne down, the gospel cannot be. The salvation promised is more than deliverance from evil, it is everlasting blessedness.
【막13:6 JFB】6. For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ—(see 마24:5)—"and the time draweth nigh" (Lu 21:8); that is, the time of the kingdom in its full splendor.
and shall deceive many—"Go ye not therefore after them" (Lu 21:8). The reference here seems not to be to pretended Messiahs, deceiving those who rejected the claims of Jesus, of whom indeed there were plenty—for our Lord is addressing His own genuine disciples—but to persons pretending to be Jesus Himself, returned in glory to take possession of His kingdom. This gives peculiar force to the words, "Go ye not therefore after them."
【막13:7 JFB】7. And when ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars, be ye not troubled—(See on 막13:13, and compare 사8:11-14).
for such things must needs be; but the end shall not be yet—In Luke (Lu 21:9), "the end is not by and by," or "immediately." Worse must come before all is over.
【막13:8 JFB】8. These are the beginnings of sorrows—"of travail-pangs," to which heavy calamities are compared. (See 렘4:31, &c.). The annals of Tacitus tell us how the Roman world was convulsed, before the destruction of Jerusalem, by rival claimants of the imperial purple.
【막13:9 JFB】9. But take heed to yourselves: for—"before all these things" (Lu 21:12); that is, before these public calamities come.
they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten—These refer to ecclesiastical proceedings against them.
and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings—before civil tribunals next.
for my sake, for a testimony against them—rather "unto them"—to give you an opportunity of bearing testimony to Me before them. In the Acts of the Apostles we have the best commentary on this announcement. (Compare 마10:17, 18).
【막13:10 JFB】10. And the gospel must first be published among all nations—"for a witness, and then shall the end come" (마24:14). God never sends judgment without previous warning; and there can be no doubt that the Jews, already dispersed over most known countries, had nearly all heard the Gospel "as a witness," before the end of the Jewish state. The same principle was repeated and will repeat itself to "the end."
【막13:11 JFB】11. But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand—"Be not anxious beforehand."
what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate—"Be not filled with apprehension, in the prospect of such public appearances for Me, lest ye should bring discredit upon My name, nor think it necessary to prepare beforehand what ye are to say."
but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost—(See on 마10:19, 20.)
【막13:13 JFB】13. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake—Matthew (마24:12) adds this important intimation: "And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many"—"of the many," or "of the most," that is, of the generality of professed disciples—"shall wax cold." Sad illustrations of the effect of abounding iniquity in cooling the love even of faithful disciples we have in the Epistle of James, written about the period here referred to, and too frequently ever since.
but he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved—See on 마10:21, 22; and compare 히10:38, 39, which is a manifest allusion to these words of Christ; also 계2:10. Luke (Lu 21:18) adds these reassuring words: "But there shall not an hair of your heads perish." Our Lord had just said (Lu 21:16) that they should be put to death; showing that this precious promise is far above immunity from mere bodily harm, and furnishing a key to the right interpretation of 시91:1-18 and such like.
【막13:14 JFB】14. But when ye shall see—"Jerusalem compassed by armies"—by encamped armies; in other words, when ye shall see it besieged, and
the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not—that is, as explained in Matthew (마24:15), "standing in the holy place."
(let him that readeth understand)—readeth that prophecy. That "the abomination of desolation" here alluded to was intended to point to the Roman ensigns, as the symbols of an idolatrous, and so unclean pagan power, may be gathered by comparing what Luke says in the corresponding verse (Lu 21:20); and commentators are agreed on it. It is worthy of notice, as confirming this interpretation, that in 1 Maccabe에1:54—which, though aprocryphal Scripture, is authentic history—the expression of Daniel (단11:31; 12:11) is applied to the idolatrous profanation of the Jewish altar by Antiochus Epiphanes.
then let them that be in Judea flee to the mountains—The ecclesiastical historian, Eusebius, early in the fourth century, tells us that the Christians fled to Pella, at the northern extremity of Perea, being "prophetically directed"—perhaps by some prophetic intimation more explicit than this, which would be their chart—and that thus they escaped the predicted calamities by which the nation was overwhelmed.
【막13:14 MHCC】The Jews in rebelling against the Romans, and in persecuting the Christians, hastened their own ruin apace. Here we have a prediction of that ruin which came upon them within less than forty years after this. Such destruction and desolation, that the like cannot be found in any history. Promises of power to persevere, and cautions against falling away, well agree with each other. But the more we consider these things, the more we shall see abundant cause to flee without delay for refuge to Christ, and to renounce every earthly object, for the salvation of our souls.
【막13:15 JFB】15. And let him that is on the housetop not get down into the house, neither enter therein, to take any thing out of his house—that is, let him take the outside flight of steps from the roof to the ground; a graphic way of denoting the extreme urgency of the case, and the danger of being tempted, by the desire to save his property, to delay till escape should become impossible.
【막13:16 JFB】16. And let him that is in the field not turn back again for to take up his garment.
【막13:17 JFB】17. But woe to them—or, "alas for them."
that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days—in consequence of the aggravated suffering which those conditions would involve.
【막13:18 JFB】18. And pray ye that your flight be not in the winter—making escape perilous, or tempting you to delay your flight. Matthew (마24:20) adds, "neither on the sabbath day," when, from fear of a breach of its sacred rest, they might be induced to remain.
【막13:19 JFB】19. For in those days shall be affliction, such as was not from the beginning of the creation which God created unto this time, neither shall be—Such language is not unusual in the Old Testament with reference to tremendous calamities. But it is matter of literal fact that there was crowded into the period of the Jewish war an amount and complication of suffering perhaps unparalleled; as the narrative of Josephus, examined closely and arranged under different heads, would show.
【막13:20 JFB】20. And except that the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh—that is, no human life.
should be saved: but for the elect's sake, whom he hath chosen, he hath shortened the days—But for this merciful "shortening," brought about by a remarkable concurrence of causes, the whole nation would have perished, in which there yet remained a remnant to be afterwards gathered out. This portion of the prophecy closes, in Luke, with the following vivid and important glance at the subsequent fortunes of the chosen people: "And they shall fall by the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled" (Lu 21:24). The language as well as the idea of this remarkable statement is taken from 단8:10, 13. What, then, is its import here? It implies, first, that a time is coming when Jerusalem shall cease to be "trodden down of the Gentiles"; which it was then by pagan, and since and till now is by Mohammedan unbelievers: and next, it implies that the period when this treading down of Jerusalem by the Gentiles is to cease will be when "the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled" or "completed." But what does this mean? We may gather the meaning of it from 롬11:1-36 in which the divine purposes and procedure towards the chosen people from first to last are treated in detail. In 롬11:25 these words of our Lord are thus reproduced: "For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in." See the exposition of that verse, from which it will appear that "till the fulness of the Gentiles be come in"—or, in our Lord's phraseology, "till the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled"—does not mean "till the general conversion of the world to Christ," but "till the Gentiles have had their full time of that place in the Church which the Jews had before them." After that period of Gentilism, as before of Judaism, "Jerusalem" and Israel, no longer "trodden down by the Gentiles," but "grafted into their own olive tree," shall constitute, with the believing Gentiles, one Church of God, and fill the whole earth. What a bright vista does this open up!
【막13:22 JFB】22. For false Christs and false prophets shall rise, and shall show signs and wonders. No one can read Josephus' account of what took place before the destruction of Jerusalem without seeing how strikingly this was fulfilled.
to seduce, if it were possible, even the elect—implying that this, though all but done, will prove impossible. What a precious assurance! (Compare 살후2:9-12).
【막13:23 JFB】23. But take ye heed; behold, I have foretold you all things—He had just told them that the seduction of the elect would prove impossible; but since this would be all but accomplished, He bids them be on their guard, as the proper means of averting that catastrophe. In Matthew (마24:26-28) we have some additional particulars: "Wherefore, if they shall say unto you, Behold, He is in the desert; go not forth: behold, He is in the secret chambers; believe it not. For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be." See on Lu 17:23, 24. "For wheresoever the carcass is, there will the eagles be gathered together." See on Lu 17:37.
【막13:24 JFB】24. But in those days, after that tribulation—"Immediately after the tribulation of those days" (마24:29).
the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light.
【막13:24 MHCC】The disciples had confounded the destruction of Jerusalem and the end of the world. This mistake Christ set right, and showed that the day of Christ's coming, and the day of judgment, shall be after that tribulation. Here he foretells the final dissolution of the present frame and fabric of the world. Also, the visible appearance of the Lord Jesus coming in the clouds, and the gathering together of all the elect to him.
【막13:25 JFB】25. And the stars of heaven shall fall—"and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring; men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth" (Lu 21:25, 26).
and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken—Though the grandeur of this language carries the mind over the head of all periods but that of Christ's Second Coming, nearly every expression will be found used of the Lord's coming in terrible national judgments: as of Babylon (사13:9-13); of Idumea (사34:1, 2, 4, 8-10); of Egypt (겔32:7, 8); compare also 시18:7-15; 사24:1, 17-19; Joe 2:10, 11, &c. We cannot therefore consider the mere strength of this language a proof that it refers exclusively or primarily to the precursors of the final day, though of course in "that day" it will have its most awful fulfilment.
【막13:26 JFB】26. And then shall they see the Son of man coming in the clouds with great power and glory—In 마24:30, this is given most fully: "And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven; and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man," &c. That this language finds its highest interpretation in the Second Personal Coming of Christ, is most certain. But the question is, whether that be the primary sense of it as it stands here? Now if the reader will turn to 단7:13, 14, and connect with it the preceding verses, he will find, we think, the true key to our Lord's meaning here. There the powers that oppressed the Church—symbolized by rapacious wild beasts—are summoned to the bar of the Great God, who as the Ancient of days seats Himself, with His assessors, on a burning Throne: thousand thousands ministering to Him, and ten thousand times ten thousand standing before Him. "The judgment is set, and the books are opened." Who that is guided by the mere words would doubt that this is a description of the Final Judgment? And yet nothing is clearer than that it is not, but a description of a vast temporal judgment, upon organized bodies of men, for their incurable hostility to the kingdom of God upon earth. Well, after the doom of these has been pronounced and executed, and room thus prepared for the unobstructed development of the kingdom of God over the earth, what follows? "I saw in the night visions, and behold, one like THE Son of Man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they [the angelic attendants] brought Him near before Him." For what purpose? To receive investiture in the kingdom, which, as Messiah, of right belonged to Him. Accordingly, it is added, "And there was given Him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him: His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom that which shall not be destroyed." Comparing this with our Lord's words, He seems to us, by "the Son of man [on which phrase, see on 요1:51] coming in the clouds with great power and glory," to mean, that when judicial vengeance shall once have been executed upon Jerusalem, and the ground thus cleared for the unobstructed establishment of His own kingdom, His true regal claims and rights would be visibly and gloriously asserted and manifested. See on Lu 9:28 (with its parallels in 마17:1; 막9:2), in which nearly the same language is employed, and where it can hardly be understood of anything else than the full and free establishment of the kingdom of Christ on the destruction of Jerusalem. But what is that "sign of the Son of man in heaven?" Interpreters are not agreed. But as before Christ came to destroy Jerusalem some appalling portents were seen in the air, so before His Personal appearing it is likely that something analogous will be witnessed, though of what nature it would be vain to conjecture.
【막13:27 JFB】27. And then shall he send his angels—"with a great sound of a trumpet" (마24:31).
and shall gather together his elect, &c.—As the tribes of Israel were anciently gathered together by sound of trumpet (출19:13, 16, 19; 레23:24; 시81:3-5), so any mighty gathering of God's people, by divine command, is represented as collected by sound of trumpet (사27:13; compare 계11:15); and the ministry of angels, employed in all the great operations of Providence, is here held forth as the agency by which the present assembling of the elect is to be accomplished. Lightfoot thus explains it: "When Jerusalem shall be reduced to ashes, and that wicked nation cut off and rejected, then shall the Son of man send His ministers with the trumpet of the Gospel, and they shall gather His elect of the several nations, from the four corners of heaven: so that God shall not want a Church, although that ancient people of His be rejected and cast off: but that ancient Jewish Church being destroyed, a new Church shall be called out of the Gentiles." But though something like this appears to be the primary sense of the verse, in relation to the destruction of Jerusalem, no one can fail to see that the language swells beyond any gathering of a human family into a Church upon earth, and forces the thoughts onward to that gathering of the Church "at the last trump," to meet the Lord in the air, which is to wind up the present scene. Still, this is not, in our judgment, the direct subject of the prediction; for 막13:28 limits the whole prediction to the generation then existing.
【막13:28 JFB】28. Now learn a parable of the fig tree—"Now from the fig tree learn the parable," or the high lesson which this teaches.
When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves—"its leaves."
【막13:28 MHCC】We have the application of this prophetic sermon. As to the destruction of Jerusalem, expect it to come very shortly. As to the end of the world, do not inquire when it will come, for of that day and that hour knoweth no man. Christ, as God, could not be ignorant of anything; but the Divine wisdom which dwelt in our Saviour, communicated itself to his human soul according to the Divine pleasure. As to both, our duty is to watch and pray. Our Lord Jesus, when he ascended on high, left something for all his servants to do. We ought to be always upon our watch, in expectation of his return. This applies to Christ's coming to us at our death, as well as to the general judgment. We know not whether our Master will come in the days of youth, or middle age, or old age; but, as soon as we are born, we begin to die, and therefore we must expect death. Our great care must be, that, whenever our Lord comes, he may not find us secure, indulging in ease and sloth, mindless of our work and duty. He says to all, Watch, that you may be found in peace, without spot, and blameless.
【막13:29 JFB】29. So ye, in like manner, when ye shall see these things come to pass—rather, "coming to pass."
know that it—"the kingdom of God" (Lu 21:31).
is nigh, even at the doors—that is, the full manifestation of it; for till then it admitted of no full development. In Luke (Lu 21:28) the following words precede these: "And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh"—their redemption, in the first instance certainly, from Jewish oppression (살전2:14-16; Lu 11:52): but in the highest sense of these words, redemption from all the oppressions and miseries of the present state at the second appearing of the Lord Jesus.
【막13:30 JFB】30. Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass fill all these things be done—or "fulfilled" (마24:34; Lu 21:32). Whether we take this to mean that the whole would be fulfilled within the limits of the generation then current, or, according to a usual way of speaking, that the generation then existing would not pass away without seeing a begun fulfilment of this prediction, the facts entirely correspond. For either the whole was fulfilled in the destruction accomplished by Titus, as many think; or, if we stretch it out, according to others, till the thorough dispersion of the Jews a little later, under Adrian, every requirement of our Lord's words seems to be met.
【막13:31 JFB】31. Heaven and earth shall pass away; but my words shall not pass away—the strongest possible expression of the divine authority by which He spake; not as Moses or Paul might have said of their own inspiration, for such language would be unsuitable in any merely human mouth.
【막13:32 JFB】Warnings to Prepare for the Coming of Christ Suggested by the Foregoing Prophecy (막13:32-37).
It will be observed that, in the foregoing prophecy, as our Lord approaches the crisis of the day of vengeance on Jerusalem and redemption for the Church—at which stage the analogy between that and the day of final vengeance and redemption waxes more striking—His language rises and swells beyond all temporal and partial vengeance, beyond all earthly deliverances and enlargements, and ushers us resistlessly into the scenes of the final day. Accordingly, in these six concluding verses it is manifest that preparation for "THAT DAY" is what our Lord designs to inculcate.
32. But of that day and that hour—that is, the precise time.
knoweth no man—literally, no one.
no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father—This very remarkable statement regarding "the Son" is peculiar to Mark. Whether it means that the Son was not at that time in possession of the knowledge referred to, or simply that it was not among the things which He had received to communicate—has been matter of much controversy even among the firmest believers in the proper Divinity of Christ. In the latter sense it was taken by some of the most eminent of the ancient Fathers, and by Luther, Melancthon, and most of the older Lutherans; and it is so taken by Bengel, Lange, Webster and Wilkinson, Chrysostom and others understood it to mean that as man our Lord was ignorant of this. It is taken literally by Calvin, Grotius, De Wette, Meyer, Fritzsche, Stier, Alford, and Alexander.
【막13:33 JFB】33. Take ye heed, watch and pray; for ye know not when the time is.
【막13:34 JFB】34. For the Son of man is as a man taking a far journey, &c.—The idea thus far is similar to that in the opening part of the parable of the talents (마25:14, 15).
and commanded the porter—the gatekeeper.
to watch—pointing to the official duty of the ministers of religion to give warning of approaching danger to the people.
【막13:35 JFB】35. Watch ye therefore; for ye know not when the master of the house cometh, at even, or at midnight, or at the cock-crowing, or in the morning—an allusion to the four Roman watches of the night.
【막13:36 JFB】36. Lest, coming suddenly, he find you sleeping—See on Lu 12:35-40; Lu 12:42-46.
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