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■ 예레미야 50장
1. 여호와께서 선지자 예레미야로 바벨론과 갈대아인의 땅에 대하여 하신 말씀이라
The word that the Lord spake against Babylon and against the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet .
2. 너희는 열방 중에 광고하라 공포하라 기를 세우라 숨김이 없이 공포하여 이르라 바벨론이 함락되고 벨이 수치를 당하며 므로닥이 부스러지며 그 신상들은 수치를 당하며 우상들은 부스러진다 하라
Declare ye among the nations , and publish , and set up a standard ; publish , and conceal not: say , Babylon is taken , Bel is confounded , Merodach is broken in pieces ; her idols are confounded , her images are broken in pieces .
3. 이는 한 나라가 북방에서 나와서 그를 쳐서 그 땅으로 황폐케하여 그 중에 거하는 자가 없게 함이라 사람이나 짐승이 다 도망하여 가느니라
For out of the north there cometh up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate , and none shall dwell therein: they shall remove , they shall depart , both man and beast .
4. 나 여호와가 말하노라 그 날 그 때에 이스라엘 자손이 돌아오며 그와 함께 유다 자손이 돌아오되 그들이 울며 그 길을 행하며 그 하나님 여호와께 구할 것이며
In those days , and in that time , saith the Lord , the children of Israel shall come , they and the children of Judah together , going and weeping : they shall go , and seek the Lord their God .
5. 그들이 그 얼굴을 시온으로 향하여 그 길을 물으며 말하기를 너희는 오라 잊어 버리지 아니할 영영한 언약으로 여호와와 연합하자 하리라
They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward , saying, Come , and let us join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten .
6. 내 백성은 잃어 버린 양떼로다 그 목자들이 그들을 곁길로 가게하여 산으로 돌이키게 하였으므로 그들이 산에서 작은 산으로 돌아다니며 쉴 곳을 잊었도다
My people hath been lost sheep : their shepherds have caused them to go astray , they have turned them away on the mountains : they have gone from mountain to hill , they have forgotten their restingplace .
7. 그들을 만나는 자들은 그들을 삼키며 그 대적은 말하기를 그들은 여호와 곧 의로운 처소시며 그 열조의 소망이신 여호와께 범죄하였음인즉 우리는 무죄하다 하였느니라
All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries said , We offend not, because they have sinned against the Lord , the habitation of justice , even the Lord , the hope of their fathers .
8. 너희는 바벨론 가운데서 도망하라 갈대아인의 땅에서 나오라 떼에 앞서 가는 수염소 같이 하라
Remove out of the midst of Babylon , and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans , and be as the he goats before the flocks .
9. 보라 내가 큰 연합국으로 북방에서 일어나 나와서 바벨론을 치게 하리니 그들이 항오를 벌이고 쳐서 취할 것이라 그들의 화살은 연숙한 용사의 화살 같아서 헛되이 돌아오지 아니하리로다
For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country : and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken : their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man ; none shall return in vain .
10. 갈대아가 약탈을 당할 것이라 그를 약탈하는 자마다 만족하리라 여호와의 말이니라
And Chaldea shall be a spoil : all that spoil her shall be satisfied , saith the Lord .
11. 나의 산업을 노략하는 자여 너희가 즐거워하며 기뻐하며 곡식을 가는 송아지 같이 뛰며 힘센 말 같이 울도다
Because ye were glad , because ye rejoiced , O ye destroyers of mine heritage , because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass , and bellow as bulls ;
12. 그러므로 너희의 어미가 온전히 수치를 당하리라 너희를 낳은 자가 치욕을 당하리라 보라 그가 열방의 말째와 광야와 마른 땅과 사막이 될 것이며
Your mother shall be sore confounded ; she that bare you shall be ashamed : behold, the hindermost of the nations shall be a wilderness , a dry land , and a desert .
13. 여호와의 진노로 인하여 거민이 없는 온전한 황무지가 될 것이라 바벨론으로 지나는 자마다 그 모든 재앙을 놀라며 비웃으리로다
Because of the wrath of the Lord it shall not be inhabited , but it shall be wholly desolate : every one that goeth by Babylon shall be astonished , and hiss at all her plagues .
14. 바벨론을 둘러 항오를 벌이고 활을 당기는 모든 자여 화살을 아끼지 말고 쏘라 그가 여호와께 범죄하였음이니라
Put yourselves in array against Babylon round about : all ye that bend the bow , shoot at her, spare no arrows : for she hath sinned against the Lord .
15. 그 사면에서 소리질러 칠지어다 그가 항복하였고 그 보장은 무너졌고 그 성벽은 훼파되었으니 이는 여호와의 보수하시는 것이라 그의 행한 대로 그에게 행하여 보수하라
Shout against her round about : she hath given her hand : her foundations are fallen , her walls are thrown down : for it is the vengeance of the Lord : take vengeance upon her; as she hath done , do unto her.
16. 파종하는 자와 추수 때에 낫을 잡은 자를 바벨론에서 끊어버리라 사람들이 그 압박하는 칼을 두려워하여 각기 동족에게로 돌아가며 고향으로 도망하리라
Cut off the sower from Babylon , and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest : for fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people , and they shall flee every one to his own land .
17. 이스라엘은 흩어진 양이라 사자들이 그를 따르도다 처음에는 앗수르 왕이 먹었고 다음에는 바벨론 왕 느부갓네살이 그 뼈를 꺾도다
Israel is a scattered sheep ; the lions have driven him away : first the king of Assyria hath devoured him; and last this Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath broken his bones .
18. 그러므로 나 만군의 여호와 이스라엘의 하나님이 이같이 말하노라 보라 내가 앗수르 왕을 벌한 것 같이 바벨론 왕과 그 땅을 벌하고
Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts , the God of Israel ; Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land , as I have punished the king of Assyria .
19. 이스라엘을 다시 그 목장으로 돌아오게 하리니 그가 갈멜과 바산에서 먹을 것이며 그 마음이 에브라임과 길르앗 산에서 만족하리라
And I will bring Israel again to his habitation , and he shall feed on Carmel and Bashan , and his soul shall be satisfied upon mount Ephraim and Gilead .
20. 나 여호와가 말하노라 그 날 그 때에는 이스라엘의 죄악을 찾을지라도 없겠고 유다의 죄를 찾을지라도 발견치 못하리니 이는 내가 나의 남긴 자를 사할 것임이니라
In those days , and in that time , saith the Lord , the iniquity of Israel shall be sought for , and there shall be none; and the sins of Judah , and they shall not be found : for I will pardon them whom I reserve .
21. 나 여호와가 말하노라 너희는 올라가서 므라다임의 땅을 치며 브곳의 거민을 쳐서 진멸하되 내가 너희에게 명한 대로 다하라
Go up against the land of Merathaim , even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod : waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the Lord , and do according to all that I have commanded thee.
22. 그 땅에 싸움의 소리와 큰 파멸의 소리가 있으리라
A sound of battle is in the land , and of great destruction .
23. 온 세계의 방망이가 어찌 그리 꺾여 부숴졌는고 바벨론이 어찌 그리 열방 중에 황무지가 되었는고
How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder and broken ! how is Babylon become a desolation among the nations !
24. 바벨론아 내가 너를 잡으려고 올무를 놓았더니 네가 깨닫지 못하고 걸렸고 네가 나 여호와와 다투었으므로 만난바 되어 잡혔도다
I have laid a snare for thee, and thou art also taken , O Babylon , and thou wast not aware : thou art found , and also caught , because thou hast striven against the Lord .
25. 나 여호와가 그 병고를 열고 분노의 병기를 냄은 주 만군의 여호와 내가 갈대아인의 땅에 행할 일이 있음이라
The Lord hath opened his armoury , and hath brought forth the weapons of his indignation : for this is the work of the Lord God of hosts in the land of the Chaldeans .
26. 먼 데 있는 너희는 와서 그를 치고 그 곳간을 열고 그것을 쌓아 무더기 같게 하라 그를 진멸하고 남기지 말라
Come against her from the utmost border , open her storehouses : cast her up as heaps , and destroy her utterly : let nothing of her be left .
27. 그 황소를 다 죽이라 도수장으로 내려가게 하라 그들에게 화있도다 그들의 날, 그 벌받는 때가 이르렀음이로다
Slay all her bullocks ; let them go down to the slaughter : woe unto them! for their day is come , the time of their visitation .
28. 바벨론 땅에서 도피한 자의 소리여 시온에서 우리 하나님 여호와의 보수하시는 것, 그 성전의 보수하시는 것을 선포하는 소리로다
The voice of them that flee and escape out of the land of Babylon , to declare in Zion the vengeance of the Lord our God , the vengeance of his temple .
29. 활 쏘는 자를 바벨론에 소집하라 무릇 활을 당기는 자여 그 사면으로 진을 치고 쳐서 피하는 자가 없게 하라 그 일한 대로 갚고 그 행한 대로 그에게 행하라 그가 이스라엘의 거룩한 자 여호와를 향하여 교만하였음이니라
Call together the archers against Babylon : all ye that bend the bow , camp against it round about ; let none thereof escape : recompense her according to her work ; according to all that she hath done , do unto her: for she hath been proud against the Lord , against the Holy One of Israel .
30. 그러므로 그 날에 청년들이 그 거리에 엎드러지겠고 군사들이 멸절되리라 여호와의 말이니라
Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets , and all her men of war shall be cut off in that day , saith the Lord .
31. 주 만군의 여호와가 말하노라 교만하 자여 보라 내가 너를 대적하나니 네 날 곧 너를 벌할 때가 이르렀음이라
Behold, I am against thee, O thou most proud , saith the Lord God of hosts : for thy day is come , the time that I will visit thee.
32. 교만한 자가 걸려 넘어지겠고 그를 일으킬 자가 없을 것이며 내가 그 성읍들에 불을 놓으리니 그 사면에 있는 것이 다 살라지리라
And the most proud shall stumble and fall , and none shall raise him up : and I will kindle a fire in his cities , and it shall devour all round about him.
33. 나 만군의 여호와가 이같이 말하노라 이스라엘 자손과 유다 자손이 함께 학대를 받는도다 그들을 사로잡은 자는 다 그들을 엄히 지켜 놓아주지 아니하거니와
Thus saith the Lord of hosts ; The children of Israel and the children of Judah were oppressed together : and all that took them captives held them fast ; they refused to let them go .
34. 그들의 구속자는 강하니 그 이름은 만군의 여호와라 결코 그들의 원을 펴서 그 땅에 평안함을 주고 바벨론 거민으로 불안케 하리라
Their Redeemer is strong ; the Lord of hosts is his name : he shall throughly plead their cause , that he may give rest to the land , and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon .
35. 나 여호와가 말하노라 칼이 갈대아인의 위에와 바벨론 거민의 위에와 그 방백들과 지혜로운 자의 위에 임하며
A sword is upon the Chaldeans , saith the Lord , and upon the inhabitants of Babylon , and upon her princes , and upon her wise men.
36. 칼이 자긍하는 자의 위에 임하리니 그들이 어리석게 될 것이며 칼이 용사의 위에 임하리니 그들이 놀랄 것이며
A sword is upon the liars ; and they shall dote : a sword is upon her mighty men ; and they shall be dismayed .
37. 칼이 그들의 말들과 병거들과 그들 중에 있는 잡족의 위에 임하리니 그들이 부녀 같이 될 것이며 칼이 보물 위에 임하리니 그것이 노략될 것이요
A sword is upon their horses , and upon their chariots , and upon all the mingled people that are in the midst of her; and they shall become as women : a sword is upon her treasures ; and they shall be robbed .
38. 가뭄이 물 위에 그것을 말리우리니 이는 그 땅이 조각한 신상의 땅이요 그들은 우상에 미쳤음이니라
A drought is upon her waters ; and they shall be dried up : for it is the land of graven images , and they are mad upon their idols .
39. 그러므로 사막의 들짐승이 시랑과 함께 거기 거하겠고 타조도 그 중에 깃들일 것이요 영영히 거민이 없으며 대대에 거할 자가 없으리라
Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and it shall be no more inhabited for ever ; neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation .
40. 나 여호와가 말하노라 나 하나님이 소돔과 고모라와 그 이웃 성읍들을 무너지게 한 것 같이 거기 거하는 사람이 없게 하며 그 중에 우거하는 아무 인자가 없게 하리라
As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities thereof, saith the Lord ; so shall no man abide there, neither shall any son of man dwell therein.
41. 보라 한 족속이 북방에서 오고 큰 나라와 여러 왕이 격동을 받아 땅끝에서 오나니
Behold, a people shall come from the north , and a great nation , and many kings shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth .
42. 그들은 활과 창을 가진 자라 잔인하며 긍휼히 여기지 아니하며 그 목소리는 파도가 흉용함 같도다 딸 바벨론아 그들이 말을 타고 무사 같이 각기 항오를 벌여 너를 칠 것이라
They shall hold the bow and the lance : they are cruel , and will not shew mercy : their voice shall roar like the sea , and they shall ride upon horses , every one put in array , like a man to the battle , against thee, O daughter of Babylon .
43. 바벨론 왕이 그 소문을 듣고 손이 약하여지며 고통에 잡혀 해산하는 여인의 구로함 같도다
The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble : anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail .
44. 보라 사자가 요단의 수풀에서 올라오는 것 같이 그가 와서 견고한 처소를 칠 것이라 내가 즉시 그들을 거기서 쫓아내고 택한 자를 내가 그 위에 세우리니 나와 같은 자 누구며 나로 더불어 다툴 자 누구며 내 앞에 설 목자가 누구뇨
Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan unto the habitation of the strong : but I will make them suddenly run away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time ? and who is that shepherd that will stand before me?
45. 그런즉 바벨론에 대한 나 여호와의 도모와 갈대아인의 땅에 대하여 경영한 나 여호와의 뜻을 들으라 양떼의 어린 것들을 그들이 반드시 끌어가고 그 처소로 황무케 하리니
Therefore hear ye the counsel of the Lord , that he hath taken against Babylon ; and his purposes , that he hath purposed against the land of the Chaldeans : Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out : surely he shall make their habitation desolate with them.
46. 바벨론의 함락하는 소리에 땅이 진동하며 그 부르짖음이 열방 중에 들리리라 하시도다
At the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved , and the cry is heard among the nations .
■ 주석 보기
【렘50:1 JFB】렘50:1-46. Babylon's Coming Downfall; Israel's Redemption.
After the predictions of judgment to be inflicted on other nations by Babylon, follows this one against Babylon itself, the longest prophecy, consisting of one hundred verses. The date of utterance was the fourth year of Zedekiah, when Seraiah, to whom it was committed, was sent to Babylon (렘51:59, 60). The repetitions in it make it likely that it consists of prophecies uttered at different times, now collected by Jeremiah to console the Jews in exile and to vindicate God's ways by exhibiting the final doom of Babylon, the enemy of the people of God, after her long prosperity. The style, imagery, and dialogues prove its genuineness in opposition to those who deny this. It shows his faithfulness; though under obligation to the king of Babylon, he owed a higher one to God, who directed him to prophesy against Babylon.
1. Compare 사45:1-47:15. But as the time of fulfilment drew nearer, the prophecies are now proportionally more distinct than then.
【렘50:1 MHCC】 The ruin of Babylon. (렘50:1-3,8-16,21-32,35-46;) The redemption of God's people. (렘50:4-7,17-20,33,34)
렘50:1-7 The king of Babylon was kind to Jeremiah, yet the prophet must foretell the ruin of that kingdom. If our friends are God's enemies, we dare not speak peace to them. The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as done thoroughly. Here is a word for the comfort of the Jews. They shall return to their God first, then to their own land; the promise of their conversion and reformation makes way for the other promises. Their tears flow not from the sorrow of the world, as when they went into captivity, but from godly sorrow. They shall seek after the Lord as their God, and have no more to do with idols. They shall think of returning to their own country. This represents the return of poor souls to God. In true converts there are sincere desires to attain the end, and constant cares to keep in the way. Their present case is lamented as very sad. The sins of professing Christians never will excuse those who rejoice in destroying them.
렘50:8-20 The desolation that shall be brought upon Babylon is set forth in a variety of expressions. The cause of this destruction is the wrath of the Lord. Babylon shall be wholly desolated; for she hath sinned against the Lord. Sin makes men a mark for the arrows of God's judgments. The mercy promised to the Israel of God, shall not only accompany, but arise from the destruction of Babylon. These sheep shall be gathered from the deserts, and put again into good pasture. All who return to God and their duty, shall find satisfaction of soul in so doing. Deliverances out of trouble are comforts indeed, when fruits of the forgiveness of sin.
렘50:21-32 The forces are mustered and empowered to destroy Babylon. Let them do what God demands, and they shall bring to pass what he threatens. The pride of men's hearts sets God against them, and ripens them apace for ruin. Babylon's pride must be her ruin; she has been proud against the Holy One of Israel; who can keep those up whom God will throw down?
렘50:33-46 It is Israel's comfort in distress, that, though they are weak, their Redeemer is strong. This may be applied to believers, who complain of the dominion of sin and corruption, and of their own weakness and manifold infirmities. Their Redeemer is able to keep what they commit to him; and sin shall not have dominion over them. He will give them that rest which remains for the people of God. Also here is Babylon's sin, and their punishment. The sins are, idolatry and persecution. He that will not save his people in their sins, never will countenance the wickedness of his open enemies. The judgments of God for these sins will lay them waste. In the judgments denounced against prosperous Babylon, and the mercies promised to afflicted Israel, we learn to choose to suffer affliction with the people of God, rather than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season.
【렘50:2 JFB】2. Declare … among … nations—who would rejoice at the fall of Babylon their oppressor.
standard—to indicate the place of meeting to the nations where they were to hear the good news of Babylon's fall [Rosenmuller]; or, the signal to summon the nations together against Babylon (렘51:12, 27), [Maurer].
Bel—the tutelary god of Babylon; the same idol as the Phœnician Baal, that is, lord, the sun (사46:1).
confounded—because unable to defend the city under their protection.
Merodach—another Babylonian idol; meaning in Syria "little lord"; from which Merodach-baladan took his name.
【렘50:3 JFB】3. a nation—the Medes, north of Babylon (렘51:48). The devastation of Babylon here foretold includes not only that by Cyrus, but also that more utter one by Darius, who took Babylon by artifice when it had revolted from Persia, and mercilessly slaughtered the inhabitants, hanging four thousand of the nobles; also the final desertion of Babylon, owing to Seleucia having been built close by under Seleucus Nicanor.
【렘50:4 JFB】4. Fulfilled only in part when some few of the ten tribes of "Israel" joined Judah in a "covenant" with God, at the restoration of Judah to its land (느9:38; 10:29). The full event is yet to come (렘31:9; 호1:11; Z전12:10).
weeping—with joy at their restoration beyond all hope; and with sorrow at the remembrance of their sins and sufferings (스3:12, 13; 시126:5, 6).
seek … Lord—(호3:5).
【렘50:5 JFB】5. thitherward—rather, "hitherward," Jeremiah's prophetical standpoint being at Zion. "Faces hitherward" implies their steadfastness of purpose not to be turned aside by any difficulties on the way.
perpetual covenant—in contrast to the old covenant "which they brake" (렘31:31, &c.; 렘32:40). They shall return to their God first, then to their own land.
【렘50:6 JFB】6. (사53:6).
on the mountains—whereon they sacrificed to idols (렘2:20; 3:6, 23).
resting-place—for the "sheep," continuing the image; Jehovah is the resting-place of His sheep (마11:28). They rest in His "bosom" (사40:11). Also His temple at Zion, their "rest," because it is His (시132:8, 14).
【렘50:7 JFB】7. devoured—(시79:7). "Found them" implies that they were exposed to the attacks of those whoever happened to meet them.
adversaries said—for instance, Nebuzara-dan (렘40:2, 3; compare Z전11:5). The Gentiles acknowledged some supreme divinity. The Jews' guilt was so palpable that they were condemned even in the judgment of heathens. Some knowledge of God's peculiar relation to Judea reached its heathen invaders from the prophets (렘2:3; 단9:16); hence the strong language they use of Jehovah here, not as worshippers of Him themselves, but as believing Him to be the tutelary God of Judah ("the hope of their fathers," 시22:4; they do not say our hope), as each country was thought to have its local god, whose power extended no farther.
habitation—(시90:1; 91:1). Alluding to the tabernacle, or, as in 겔34:14, "fold," which carries out the image in 렘50:6, "resting-place" of the "sheep." But it can only mean "habitation" (렘31:23), which confirms English Version here.
hope of their fathers—This especially condemned the Jews that their apostasy was from that God whose faithfulness their fathers had experienced. At the same time these "adversaries" unconsciously use language which corrects their own notions. The covenant with the Jews' "fathers" is not utterly set aside by their sin, as their adversaries thought; there is still "a habitation" or refuge for them with the God of their fathers.
【렘50:8 JFB】8. (렘51:6, 45; 사48:20; Z전2:6, 7; 계18:4). Immediately avail yourselves of the opportunity of escape.
be as … he-goats before … flocks—Let each try to be foremost in returning, animating the weak, as he-goats lead the flock; such were the companions of Ezra (스1:5, 6).
【렘50:9 JFB】9. from thence—that is, from the north country.
expert—literally, "prosperous." Besides "might," "expertness" is needed, that an arrow may do execution. The Margin has a different Hebrew reading; "destroying," literally, "bereaving, childless-making" (렘15:7). The Septuagint and Syriac support English Version.
In vain—without killing him at whom it was aimed (삼하1:22).
【렘50:11 JFB】11. (사47:6).
grown fat—and so, skip wantonly.
at grass—fat and frisky. But there is a disagreement of gender in Hebrew reading thus. The Keri is better: "a heifer threshing"; the strongest were used for threshing, and as the law did not allow their mouth to be muzzled in threshing (신25:4), they waxed wanton with eating.
bellow as bulls—rather, "neigh as steeds," literally, "strong ones," a poetical expression for steeds (see on 렘8:16) [Maurer].
【렘50:12 JFB】12. Your mother—Babylon, the metropolis of the empire.
hindermost—marvellous change, that Babylon, once the queen of the world, should be now the hindermost of nations, and at last, becoming "a desert," cease to be a nation!
【렘50:13 JFB】13. (사13:20).
【렘50:14 JFB】14. Summons to the Median army to attack Babylon.
against the Lord—By oppressing His people, their cause is His cause. Also by profaning His sacred vessels (단5:2).
【렘50:15 JFB】15. Shout—Inspirit one another to the onset with the battle cry.
given … hand—an idiom for, "submitted to" the conquerors (대상29:24, Margin;애5:6).
as she hath done, do unto her—just retribution in kind. She had destroyed many, so must she be destroyed (시137:8). So as to spiritual Babylon (계18:6). This is right because "it is the vengeance of the Lord"; but this will not justify private revenge in kind (마5:44; 롬12:19-21); even the Old Testament law forbade this, though breathing a sterner spirit than the New Testament (출23:4, 5; 잠25:21, 22).
【렘50:16 JFB】16. Babylon had the extent rather of a nation than of a city. Therefore grain was grown within the city wall sufficient to last for a long siege [Aristotle,Politics, 3.2; Pliny, 18.17]. Conquerors usually spare agriculturists, but in this case all alike were to be "cut off."
for fear of … oppressing sword—because of the sword of the oppressor.
every one to his people—from which they had been removed to Babylon from all quarters by the Chaldean conquerors (렘51:9; 사13:14).
【렘50:17 JFB】17. lions—hostile kings (렘4:7; 49:19).
Assyria—(왕하17:6, Shalmaneser; 스4:2, Esar-haddon).
Nebuchadnezzar—(왕하24:10, 14).
【렘50:18 JFB】18. punish … king of Babylon—Nabonidus, or Labynitus.
as … punished … Assyrian—Sennacherib and other kings [Grotius] (왕하19:37).
【렘50:19 JFB】19. (사65:10; 겔34:13, 14).
【렘50:20 JFB】20. The specification of "Israel," as well as Judah, shows the reference is to times yet to come.
iniquity … none—not merely idolatry, which ceased among the Jews ever since the Babylonian captivity, but chiefly their rejection of Messiah. As in a cancelled debt, it shall be as if it had never been; God, for Christ's sake, shall treat them as innocent (렘31:34). Without cleansing away of sin, remission of punishment would be neither to the honor of God nor to the highest interests of the elect.
whom I reserve—the elect "remnant" (사1:9). The "residue" (Z전14:2; 13:8, 9).
【렘50:21 JFB】21. Merathaim—a symbolical name for Babylon, the doubly rebellious, namely, against God. Compare 렘50:24, "thou hast striven against the Lord"; and 렘50:29, "proud against the Lord." The "doubly" refers to: first, the Assyrian's oppression of Israel; next, the kindred Chaldean's oppression of Judah (compare 렘50:17-20, 33; especially 렘50:18).
Pekod—(겔23:23); a chief province of Assyria, in which Nineveh, now overthrown, once lay. But, as in Merathaim, the allusion is to the meaning of Pekod, namely, "visitation"; the inhabitants whose time of deserved visitation in punishment is come; not, however, without reference to the now Babylonian province, Pekod. The visitation on Babylon was a following up of that on Assyria.
after them—even their posterity, and all that is still left of Babylon, until the very name is extinct [Grotius]. Devastate the city, after its inhabitants have deserted it.
all … I … commanded—by Isaiah (사13:1, &c.).
【렘50:23 JFB】23. hammer—that is, Babylon, so called because of its ponderous destructive power; just as "Martel," that is, "a little hammer," was the surname of a king of the Franks (사14:6).
【렘50:24 JFB】24. I—Thou hast to do with God, not merely with men.
taken … not aware—Herodotus relates that one half of the city was taken before those in the other half were "aware" of it. Cyrus turned the waters of the Euphrates where it was defended into a different channel, and so entered the city by the dried-up channel at night, by the upper and lower gates (단5:30, 31).
【렘50:25 JFB】25. weapons of his indignation—the Medes and Persians (사13:5).
【렘50:26 JFB】26. from the utmost border—namely, of the earth. Or, from all sides [Ludovicus De Dieu].
storehouses—or, "her houses filled with men and goods" [Michaelis]. When Cyrus took it, the provisions found there were enough to have lasted for many years.
as heaps—make of the once glorious city heaps of ruins. Vast mounds of rubbish now mark the site of ancient Babylon. "Tread her as heaps of corn which are wont to be trodden down in the threshing-floor" [Grotius].
【렘50:27 JFB】27. bullocks—that is, princes and strong warriors (렘46:21; 시22:12; 사34:7).
go down to … slaughter—The slaughterhouses lay low beside the river; therefore it is said, "go down"; appropriate to Babylon on the Euphrates, the avenue through which the slaughterers entered the city.
【렘50:28 JFB】28. declare in Zion … temple—Some Jews "fleeing" from Babylon at its fall shall tell in Judea how God avenged the cause of Zion and her temple that had been profaned (렘52:13; 단1:2; 5:2).
【렘50:29 JFB】29. archers—literally, "very many and powerful"; hence the Hebrew word is used of archers (욥16:13) from the multitude and force of their arrows.
according to all that she hath done—(See on 렘50:15).
proud against the Lord—not merely cruel towards men (사47:10).
【렘50:30 JFB】30. (See on 렘49:26).
in the streets—The Babylonians were so discouraged by having lost some battles that they retired within their walls and would not again meet Cyrus in the field.
【렘50:31 JFB】31. most proud—literally, "pride"; that is, man of pride; the king of Babylon.
visit—punish (렘50:27).
【렘50:33 JFB】33. Israel and … Judah were oppressed—He anticipates an objection, in order to answer it: Ye have been, no doubt, "oppressed," therefore ye despair of deliverance; but, remember your "Redeemer is strong," and therefore can and will deliver you.
【렘50:34 JFB】34. strong—as opposed to the power of Israel's oppressor (계18:8).
plead … cause—as their advocate. Image from a court of justice; appropriate as God delivers His people not by mere might, but by righteousness. His plea against Satan and all their enemies is His own everlasting love, reconciling mercy and justice in the Redeemer's work and person (미7:9; Z전3:1-5; 요일2:1).
give rest … disquiet—There is a play on the similarity of sounds in the two Hebrew verbs to express more vividly the contrast: "that He may give quiet to the land of Judah (heretofore disquieted by Babylon); but disquiet to the inhabitants of Babylon" (heretofore quietly secure) (사14:6-8).
【렘50:35 JFB】35-37. The repetition of "A sword" in the beginning of each verse, by the figure anaphora, heightens the effect; the reiterated judgment is universal; the same sad stroke of the sword is upon each and all connected with guilty Babylon.
wise men—(사47:13). Babylon boasted that it was the peculiar seat of wisdom and wise men, especially in astronomy and astrology.
【렘50:36 JFB】36. liars—Those whom he before termed "wise men," he here calls "liars" (impostors), namely, the astrologers (compare 사44:25; 롬1:21-25; 고전1:20).
【렘50:37 JFB】37. as women—divested of all manliness (나3:13).
【렘50:38 JFB】38. drought—Altering the pointing, this verse will begin as the three previous verses, "A sword." However, all the pointed manuscripts read, "A drought," as English Version. Cyrus turned off the waters of the Euphrates into a new channel and so marched through the dried-up bed into the city (렘51:32). Babylonia once was famed for its corn, which often yielded from one to two hundredfold [Herodotus]. This was due to its network of water-courses from the Euphrates for irrigation, traces of which [Layard] are seen still on all sides, but dry and barren (사44:27).
their idols—literally, "terrors." They are mad after idols that are more calculated to frighten than to attract (렘51:44, 47, 52; 단3:1). Mere bugbears with which to frighten children.
【렘50:39 JFB】39. wild beasts of the desert—wild cats, remarkable for their howl [Bochart].
wild beasts of the islands—jackals (See on 사13:21).
owls—rather, "female ostriches"; they delight in solitary places. Literally, "daughters of crying." Compare as to spiritual Babylon, 계18:2.
no more inhabited for ever—The accumulation of phrases is to express the final and utter extinction of Babylon; fulfilled not immediately, but by degrees; Cyrus took away its supremacy. Darius Hystaspes deprived it, when it had rebelled, of its fortifications. Seleucus Nicanor removed its citizens and wealth to Seleucia, which he founded in the neighborhood; and the Parthians removed all that was left to Ctesiphon. Nothing but its walls was left under the Roman emperor Adrian.
【렘50:40 JFB】40. (사13:19). Repeated from 렘49:18.
【렘50:41 JFB】41-43. (Compare 렘6:22-24). The very language used to describe the calamities which Babylon inflicted on Zion is that here employed to describe Babylon's own calamity inflicted by the Medes. Retribution in kind.
kinds—the allies and satraps of the various provinces of the Medo-Persian empire: Armenia, Hyrcania, Lydia, &c.
coasts—the remote parts.
【렘50:42 JFB】42. cruel—the character of the Persians, and even of Cyrus, notwithstanding his wish to be thought magnanimous (사13:18).
like a man—So orderly and united is their "array," that the whole army moves to battle as one man [Grotius].
【렘50:43 JFB】43. hands waxed feeble—attempted no resistance; immediately was overcome, as Herodotus tells us.
【렘50:44 JFB】44-46. Repeated mainly from 렘49:19-21. The identity of God's principle in His dealing with Edom, and in that with Babylon, is implied by the similarity of language as to both.
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