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■ 레위기 21장
1. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 아론의 자손 제사장들에게 고하여 이르라 백성 중의 죽은 자로 인하여 스스로 더럽히지 말려니와
And the Lord said unto Moses , Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron , and say unto them, There shall none be defiled for the dead among his people :
2. 골육지친인 부모나 자녀나 형제나
But for his kin , that is near unto him, that is, for his mother , and for his father , and for his son , and for his daughter , and for his brother ,
3. 출가하지 아니한 처녀인 친 자매로 인하여는 몸을 더럽힐 수 있느니라
And for his sister a virgin , that is nigh unto him, which hath had no husband ; for her may he be defiled .
4. 제사장은 백성의 어른인즉 스스로 더럽혀 욕되게 하지 말지니라
But he shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people , to profane himself.
5. 제사장은 머리털을 깎아 대머리 같게 하지 말며 그 수염 양편을 깎지 말며 살을 베지 말고
They shall not make baldness upon their head , neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard , nor make any cuttings in their flesh .
6. 그 하나님께 대하여 거룩하고 그 하나님의 이름을 욕되게 하지 말 것이며 그들은 여호와의 화제 곧 그 하나님의 식물을 드리는 자인즉 거룩할 것이라
They shall be holy unto their God , and not profane the name of their God : for the offerings of the Lord made by fire , and the bread of their God , they do offer : therefore they shall be holy .
7. 그들은 기생이나 부정한 여인을 취하지 말 것이며 이혼 당한 여인을 취하지 말지니 이는 그가 여호와께 거룩함이니라
They shall not take a wife that is a whore , or profane ; neither shall they take a woman put away from her husband : for he is holy unto his God .
8. 너는 그를 거룩하게 하라 그는 네 하나님의 식물을 드림이니라 너는 그를 거룩히 여기라 나 여호와 너희를 거룩하게 하는 자는 거룩함이니라
Thou shalt sanctify him therefore; for he offereth the bread of thy God : he shall be holy unto thee: for I the Lord , which sanctify you, am holy .
9. 아무 제사장의 딸이든지 행음하여 스스로 더럽히면 그 아비를 욕되게 함이니 그를 불사를지니라
And the daughter of any priest , if she profane herself by playing the whore , she profaneth her father : she shall be burnt with fire .
10. 자기 형제 중 관유로 부음을 받고 위임되어 예복을 입은 대제사장은 그 머리를 풀지 말며 그 옷을 찢지 말며
And he that is the high priest among his brethren , upon whose head the anointing oil was poured , and that is consecrated to put on the garments , shall not uncover his head , nor rend his clothes ;
11. 어떤 시체에든지 가까이 말지니 부모로 인하여도 더러워지게 말며
Neither shall he go in to any dead body , nor defile himself for his father , or for his mother ;
12. 성소에서 나오지 말며 그 하나님의 성소를 더럽히지 말라 이는 하나님의 위임한 관유가 그 위에 있음이니라 나는 여호와니라
Neither shall he go out of the sanctuary , nor profane the sanctuary of his God ; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him: I am the Lord .
13. 그는 처녀를 취하여 아내를 삼을지니
And he shall take a wife in her virginity .
14. 과부나 이혼된 여인이나 더러운 여인이나 기생을 취하지 말고 자기 백성 중 처녀를 취하여 아내를 삼아
A widow , or a divorced woman , or profane , or an harlot , these shall he not take : but he shall take a virgin of his own people to wife .
15. 그 자손으로 백성 중에서 더럽히지 말지니 나는 그를 거룩하게 하는 여호와임이니라
Neither shall he profane his seed among his people : for I the Lord do sanctify him.
16. 여호와께서 모세에게 일러 가라사대
And the Lord spake unto Moses , saying ,
17. 아론에게 고하여 이르라 무릇 너의 대대 자손 중 육체에 흠이 있는 자는 그 하나님의 식물을 드리려고 가까이 오지 못할 것이라
Speak unto Aaron , saying , Whosoever he be of thy seed in their generations that hath any blemish , let him not approach to offer the bread of his God .
18. 무릇 흠이 있는 자는 가까이 못할지니 곧 소경이나 절뚝발이나 코가 불완전한 자나 지체가 더한 자나
For whatsoever man he be that hath a blemish , he shall not approach : a blind man , or a lame , or he that hath a flat nose , or any thing superfluous ,
19. 발 부러진 자나 손 부러진 자나
Or a man that is brokenfooted , or brokenhanded ,
20. 곱사등이나 난장이나 눈에 백막이 있는 자나 괴혈병이나 버짐이 있는 자나 불알 상한 자나
Or crookbackt , or a dwarf , or that hath a blemish in his eye , or be scurvy , or scabbed , or hath his stones broken ;
21. 제사장 아론의 자손 중에 흠이 있는 자는 나아와 여호와의 화제를 드리지 못할지니 그는 흠이 있은즉 나아와 하나님의 식물을 드리지 못하느니라
No man that hath a blemish of the seed of Aaron the priest shall come nigh to offer the offerings of the Lord made by fire : he hath a blemish ; he shall not come nigh to offer the bread of his God .
22. 그는 하나님의 식물의 지성물이든지 성물이든지 먹을 것이나
He shall eat the bread of his God , both of the most holy , and of the holy .
23. 장 안에 들어가지 못할 것이요 단에 가까이 못할지니 이는 그가 흠이 있음이라 이와 같이 그가 나의 성소를 더럽히지 못할 것은 나는 그들을 거룩하게 하는 여호와임이니라
Only he shall not go in unto the vail , nor come nigh unto the altar , because he hath a blemish ; that he profane not my sanctuaries : for I the Lord do sanctify them.
24. 모세가 이대로 아론과 그 아들들과 온 이스라엘 자손에게 고하였더라
And Moses told it unto Aaron , and to his sons , and unto all the children of Israel .
■ 주석 보기
【레21:1 JFB】레21:1-24. Of the Priests' Mourning.
1. There shall none be defiled for the dead among his people—The obvious design of the regulations contained in this chapter was to keep inviolate the purity and dignity of the sacred office. Contact with a corpse, or even contiguity to the place where it lay, entailing ceremonial defilement (민19:14), all mourners were debarred from the tabernacle for a week; and as the exclusion of a priest during that period would have been attended with great inconvenience, the whole order were enjoined to abstain from all approaches to the dead, except at the funerals of relatives, to whom affection or necessity might call them to perform the last offices. Those exceptional cases, which are specified, were strictly confined to the members of their own family, within the nearest degrees of kindred.
【레21:1 CWC】[PENALTIES FOR PEOPLE AND PRIESTS]
The 20th chapter is of deep interest as showing what infinite wisdom, and love has considered a just punishment for certain crimes. These crimes are still committed in civilized communities but a different view of their treatment seems to exist. Are human governments in modern times wiser, and better than this theocracy, where Jehovah ruled? Are the weaknesses of our democracies explained by their indifferences to the code here exhibited?
Why does not this code obtain in Christian nations, since God has revealed it and such nations are supposed to serve God?
The answer is, that no nation on earth is a God-governed nation, as Israel was, and shall again be in the millennial age. The laws of so-called Christian nations are man-made, not God-made. They may bear a likeness or relationship to these laws of God, but only as they grow out of a necessity of human experience. No nation has ever set itself the task of finding out God's mind with reference to this or that penalty, and squaring its legislation accordingly. Hence the lawlessness we see on every hand, and the injustice; hence the teaching of the prophets that the present order of things shall end in a grand catastrophe, and God shall set up His own kingdom on the earth over which His Son shall reign.
Outline of the Chapter.
The first section (1-6), relates to the giving of seed to Molech, and consulting with familiar spirits, or what we call Spiritualism. With Spiritualism might be included other occultisms, such as fortune-telling, clairvoyance, palmistry and the like.
A second section (7, 8), consists of a command to sanctification of life and obedience to God.
A third (9-16), enumerates other cases for which death was ordered, some of them very unnatural crimes.
A fourth (17-21), names offenses for which a lesser penalty is prescribed.
A fifth (22-26), consists of a concluding exhortation against disobedience enforced by the impending punishment of the Canaanites, and the goodness of God to them (Israel).
For what crimes is death ordained as a penalty (2-5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27)? What manner of death is ordained (2)? In the case of certain crimes is any difference made between the sexes (10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16)? In what instance were the bodies of the criminals to be burnt after death (14)?
In the case of the lesser penalties, which offense demanded the most public excommunication (17)?
The Principles Involved.
Certain "reformers" claim that the primary, if not the sole, object of the punishment of crime is the reformation of the individual. How does such a theory square with this divine precedent? Had reformation been the chief thought in God's mind, would He have ordained the death penalty with such unqualified severity?
How does verse 3 show that the intention of the punishment is to satisfy the outraged holiness of God? How does verse 12 show that it is to preserve the natural order of the human family? how does verse 14 show that it is for the moral benefit of the race?
The multiplication of murders and crimes against the family in these days may be explained by the laxity of the laws, or the indisposition of the people to enforce them. "Where God pronounces the death penalty, man apologizes for the crime, then lightens the penalty, then abolishes it, and at last legalizes the offense. This modern drift bodes no good, and in the end can only bring disaster to the family and the state."
1. Holiness o£ the Priests, c. 21, 22.
We pass over chapters 21 and 22 with a remark or two, as they treat of the same subject as the preceding chapter except as it applies to the priests. While all Israel, as Kellogg says, was called to be a priestly nation and holy to Jehovah in life and service, "this sanctity was represented in degrees successively higher in each of its three divisions, the people, the priest, and the high priests," like the three-fold division of the tabernacle, the outer court, the holy place, and the Holy of Holies.
The principle still holds good, in that special privileges place him who enjoys them under special obligations to holiness of life. Christians, in other words, should not merely be equally correct in life with the best men of the world, but more -- they should be holy. And within the Church, those who occupy official positions or who are otherwise elevated above their fellows, are under the more stringent obligations of life and work.
【레21:1 MHCC】Laws concerning the priests.
—As these priests were types of Christ, so all ministers must be followers of him, that their example may teach others to imitate the Saviour. Without blemish, and separate from sinners, He executed his priestly office on earth. What manner of persons then should his ministers be! But all are, if Christians, spiritual priests; the minister especially is called to set a good example, that the people may follow it. Our bodily infirmities, blessed be God, cannot now shut us out from his service, from these privileges, or from his heavenly glory. Many a healthful, beautiful soul is lodged in a feeble, deformed body. And those who may not be suited for the work of the ministry, may serve God with comfort in other duties in his church.
【레21:4 JFB】4. But he shall not defile himself—"for any other," as the sense may be fully expressed. "The priest, in discharging his sacred functions, might well be regarded as a chief man among his people, and by these defilements might be said to profane himself" [Bishop Patrick]. The word rendered "chief man" signifies also "a husband"; and the sense according to others is, "But he being a husband, shall not defile himself by the obsequies of a wife" (겔44:25).
【레21:5 JFB】5. They shall not make baldness upon their heads … nor … cuttings in their flesh—The superstitious marks of sorrow, as well as the violent excesses in which the heathen indulged at the death of their friends, were forbidden by a general law to the Hebrew people (레19:28). But the priests were to be laid under a special injunction, not only that they might exhibit examples of piety in the moderation of their grief, but also by the restraint of their passions, be the better qualified to administer the consolations of religion to others, and show, by their faith in a blessed resurrection, the reasons for sorrowing not as those who have no hope.
【레21:7 JFB】7-9. They shall not take a wife that is a whore, or profane—Private individuals might form several connections, which were forbidden as inexpedient or improper in priests. The respectability of their office, and the honor of religion, required unblemished sanctity in their families as well as themselves, and departures from it in their case were visited with severer punishment than in that of others.
【레21:10 JFB】10-15. he that is the high priest among his brethren … shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes—The indulgence in the excepted cases of family bereavement, mentioned above [레21:2, 3], which was granted to the common priests, was denied to him; for his absence from the sanctuary for the removal of any contracted defilement could not have been dispensed with, neither could he have acted as intercessor for the people, unless ceremonially clean. Moreover, the high dignity of his office demanded a corresponding superiority in personal holiness, and stringent rules were prescribed for the purpose of upholding the suitable dignity of his station and family. The same rules are extended to the families of Christian ministers (딤전3:2; 딛1:6).
【레21:16 JFB】16-24. Whosoever he be … hath any blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God—As visible things exert a strong influence on the minds of men, any physical infirmity or malformation of body in the ministers of religion, which disturbs the associations or excites ridicule, tends to detract from the weight and authority of the sacred office. Priests laboring under any personal defect were not allowed to officiate in the public service; they might be employed in some inferior duties about the sanctuary but could not perform any sacred office. In all these regulations for preserving the unsullied purity of the sacred character and office, there was a typical reference to the priesthood of Christ (히7:26).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.