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■ 레위기 2장
1. 누구든지 소제의 예물을 여호와께 드리려거든 고운 가루로 예물을 삼아 그 위에 기름을 붓고 또 그 위에 유향을 놓아
And when any will offer a meat offering unto the Lord , his offering shall be of fine flour ; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon:
2. 아론의 자손 제사장들에게로 가져 올 것이요 제사장은 그 고운 기름 가루 한 줌과 그 모든 유향을 취하여 기념물로 단 위에 불사를지니 이는 화제라 여호와께 향기로운 냄새니라
And he shall bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests : and he shall take thereout his handful of the flour thereof, and of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof; and the priest shall burn the memorial of it upon the altar , to be an offering made by fire , of a sweet savour unto the Lord :
3. 그 소제물의 남은 것은 아론과 그 자손에게 돌릴지니 이는 여호와의 화제 중에 지극히 거룩한 것이니라
And the remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons’ : it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the Lord made by fire .
4. 네가 화덕에 구운 것으로 소제의 예물을 드리려거든 고운 가루에 기름을 섞어 만든 무교병이나 기름을 바른 무교병을 드릴 것이요
And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven , it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil , or unleavened wafers anointed with oil .
5. 번철에 부친 것으로 소제의 예물을 드리려거든 고운 가루에 누룩을 넣지 말고 기름을 섞어
And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan , it shall be of fine flour unleavened , mingled with oil .
6. 조각으로 나누고 그 위에 기름을 부을지니 이는 소제니라
Thou shalt part it in pieces , and pour oil thereon: it is a meat offering .
7. 네가 솥에 삶은 것으로 소제를 드리려거든 고운 가루와 기름을 섞어 만들지니라
And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in the fryingpan , it shall be made of fine flour with oil .
8. 너는 이것들로 만든 소제물을 여호와께로 가져다가 제사장에게 줄 것이요 제사장은 그것을 단으로 가져다가
And thou shalt bring the meat offering that is made of these things unto the Lord : and when it is presented unto the priest , he shall bring it unto the altar .
9. 그 소제물 중에서 기념할 것을 취하여 단 위에 불사를지니 이는 화제라 여호와께 향기로운 냄새니라
And the priest shall take from the meat offering a memorial thereof, and shall burn it upon the altar : it is an offering made by fire , of a sweet savour unto the Lord .
10. 소제물의 남은 것은 아론과 그 자손에게 돌릴찌니 이는 여호와의 화제 중에 지극히 거룩한 것이니라
And that which is left of the meat offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons’ : it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the Lord made by fire .
11. 무릇 너희가 여호와께 드리는 소제물에는 모두 누룩을 넣지 말지니 너희가 누룩이나 꿀을 여호와께 화제로 드려 사르지 못할지니라
No meat offering , which ye shall bring unto the Lord , shall be made with leaven : for ye shall burn no leaven , nor any honey , in any offering of the Lord made by fire .
12. 처음 익은 것으로는 그것을 여호와께 드릴지나 향기로운 냄새를 위하여는 단에 올리지 말지며
As for the oblation of the firstfruits , ye shall offer them unto the Lord : but they shall not be burnt on the altar for a sweet savour .
13. 네 모든 소제물에 소금을 치라 네 하나님의 언약의 소금을 네 소제에 빼지 못할지니 네 모든 예물에 소금을 드릴지니라
And every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with salt ; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meat offering : with all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt .
14. 너는 첫 이삭의 소제를 여호와께 드리거든 첫 이삭을 볶아 찧은 것으로 너의 소제를 삼되
And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the Lord , thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of corn dried by the fire , even corn beaten out of full ears .
15. 그 위에 기름을 붓고 그 위에 유향을 더할지니 이는 소제니라
And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon: it is a meat offering .
16. 제사장은 찧은 곡식 얼마와 기름의 얼마와 모든 유향을 기념물로 불사를지니 이는 여호와께 드리는 화제니라
And the priest shall burn the memorial of it, part of the beaten corn thereof, and part of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof: it is an offering made by fire unto the Lord .
■ 주석 보기
【레2:1 JFB】레2:1-16. The Meat Offerings.
1. when any will offer a meat offering—or gift—distinguishing a bloodless from a bloody sacrifice. The word "meat," however, is improper, as its meaning as now used is different from that attached at the date of our English translation. It was then applied not to "flesh," but "food," generally, and here it is applied to the flour of wheat. The meat offerings were intended as a thankful acknowledgment for the bounty of Providence; and hence, although meat offerings accompanied some of the appointed sacrifices, those here described being voluntary oblations, were offered alone.
pour oil upon it—Oil was used as butter is with us; symbolically it meant the influences of the Spirit, of which oil was the emblem, as incense was of prayer.
【레2:1 CWC】[THE MEAL AND PEACE OFFERINGS]
The Meal Offering, c. 2.
We call the second offering the "meal" instead of the meat offering, following the Revised Version. The burnt and meal offerings really belong together. They are both offerings of consecration, and when the one was presented the other followed as a kind of appendage (see 레23:12, 13, 18; 민28:7-15; 삿13:19; 스7:17; etc.)
We have seen that the burnt offering was entirely consumed upon the altar as expressive of the entire consecration of the one who offered it, and God's acceptance of it as a sweet savor to Him. In this it typifies Christ who is the only perfect life of consecration, and who has been accepted by God on behalf of all who put their faith in Him. This aspect of the sacrifice of Christ is indicated in 엡5:2 and 요6:38.
The meal offering, composed mainly of fine flour, is generally taken to represent a consecrated life in its use for mankind, since flour is the universal food of man. It is a fact that God habitually uses for His service among men the lives and powers of those who are truly dedicated to Him, and this seems expressed in the fact that the burnt offering always had the meal offering attached to it. Our Lord's life represents this consecration in such places as 마10:28 and 행10:38, and is a consecration to God for the service of mankind, which He offered and God accepted on behalf of all who put their faith in Him.
Varieties in the Offering.
It will be seen that there are certain varieties of the meal offering. The first is referred to in vv. 1-3, whose substance was fine flour, oil and frankincense. What parts and portion of the offering was to be taken out by the offerer to be presented unto the Lord (2)? To whom did the remainder belong for their use (3)?
The second is referred to in vv. 4-10, and contains the same substance except the frankincense, the distinction being that the offering is baked in the oven, or in a pan, and the priest rather than the offerer removes the Lord's portion.
The third is alluded to in vv. 14-16, and consists of what substance? How was it to be prepared? What is included in this class which was omitted from the second class?
In vv. 11-13 reference is made to articles that were prohibited from the meal offering, and one was particularly prescribed. Name those prohibited, and that prescribed? Leaven and honey represent decay and corruption, the first-named being the type of evil recognized as such, and the second, evil that is unrecognized because it has earthy sweetness in it. Both kinds of evil were absent in Jesus Christ, and the perfection of the type necessitates their absence in it. As to salt, it is the symbol of incorruption (마5:13; 막9:50).
Taking the offering as a whole, it may be said to symbolize His fulfillment on our behalf of the second table of the law, just as the burnt offering symbolizes His fulfillment on our behalf of the first table. Of course, in fulfilling the first He fulfilled the second, but in the burnt offering the one thought predominates and in the meal offering the other thought. To quote Moorehead: "In the burnt offering Christ is, representatively, man satisfying God and giving Him what belongs to Him, while in the meal offering He is, representatively, man satisfying man and giving him what belongs to him as an offering to the Lord. The burnt offering represents His life Godward, and the meal offering His life manward."
2. The Peace Offering, c. 3.
The data for the law of the peace offering are found by comparing c. 3 with the following passages: 7:11-34; 19:5-8; 22:21-25. We put them all together, in this lesson that the student may obtain a complete view of the whole. There are certain features of this offering which differ from the others:
(1) The objects offered. The peace offering might be a female (1), the explanation for which may be that the effects of the atonement are contemplated rather than the act itself. Furthermore, no turtle dove or pigeon was permitted, the explanation for which may be that as the offering was connected with a sacrificial meal of which several partook, a small bird would be insufficient.
(2) The Lord's portion consisted chiefly of the fat (3-5), the richest portion, symbolizing that the best belongs to Him. Kellogg calls attention to the fact that the eating of the fat of all animals was not prohibited, but only those used in sacrifice, and in these only when they were being so used. The prohibition of the eating of blood, however, applied to all animals and always (17:10-12). The peace offering was to be consumed upon the burn offering (5), thus symbolizing that the peace it typified was grounded upon the fact of atonement and acceptance on the part of the offerer. The peace offering usually followed the meal offering (see the details in the dedication of Aaron, c. 8, and those of the Day of Atonement, c. 16).
(3) By turning to 7:28-34 it will be seen that certain parts of the peace offering belonged to the priests. The waving of these parts back and forth, and the heaving of them up and down, were a token of their dedication to God first, and their being received back again from Him by the priests.
By comparison of 7:15, 22:29-30 and parallel places, it will be seen that the offerer himself had for his portion all that remained. It also will be seen that he was at liberty to invite his friends to the feast, which must always be eaten at the sanctuary and which was an occasion of joy (신12:4-7, 17, 18). The only condition for partaking of the feast was that of ceremonial cleanness (7:20, 21).
The Significance of the Offering.
The meaning of "peace" in this case includes not only tranquility of mind based on a cessation of hostilities (that is, a mere negative peace), but positive joy and prosperity. Quoting Moorehead, three propositions define it: "Peace with God, 롬5:1; the peace of God, 빌4:7; and peace from God, 고전1:3, conceived of as flowing into our hearts."
The feast, therefore, is an expression of friendship and fellowship growing out of the fact that the breach between man and God has been healed by His grace. The Israelite, who represents the Christian saint, is seen to be enjoying a feast with God, where God Himself is the host rather than the offerer. God first accepts the victim in expiation of sin and then gives it back for the worshiper to feast upon with Himself. Moreover, the feast is held in God's house, not in that of the offerer, emphasizing the fact that God is the host. Of course Christ is the offering represented here, whose blood is shed for our guilt and to bring us into reconciled relation with God, and who Himself then becomes the meat by which we who are reconciled are thereafter sustained (요6:51-58).
Keep in mind that this is a joint repast in which all three partake. God, the priest and the offerer. It therefore represents our fellowship with the Father, and with His Son Jesus Christ (1 요1:3). Remember also that cleanness is the condition (1 요1:9). An Israelite might remain such and be unclean, but he could hold no feast and enjoy no communion with God while in that condition. The application to Christians is very plain (벧전1:13-16).
【레2:1 MHCC】Meat-offerings may typify Christ, as presented to God for us, and as being the Bread of life to our souls; but they rather seem to denote our obligation to God for the blessings of providence, and those good works which are acceptable to God. The term “meat” was, and still is, properly given to any kind of provision, and the greater part of this offering was to be eaten for food, not burned. These meat-offerings are mentioned after the burnt-offerings: without an interest in the sacrifice of Christ, and devotedness of heart to God, such services cannot be accepted. Leaven is the emblem of pride, malice, and hypocrisy, and honey of sensual pleasure. The former are directly opposed to the graces of humility, love, and sincerity, which God approves; the latter takes men from the exercises of devotion, and the practice of good works. Christ, in his character and sacrifice, was wholly free from the things denoted by leaven; and his suffering life and agonizing death were the very opposites to worldly pleasure. His people are called to follow, and to be like him.
【레2:2 JFB】2. shall burn the memorial—rather, "for a memorial"; that is, a part of it.
【레2:3 JFB】3. the remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron's and his sons'—The circumstance of a portion of it being appropriated to the use of the priests distinguishes this from a burnt offering. They alone were to partake of it within the sacred precincts, as among "the most holy things."
【레2:4 JFB】4. if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven—generally a circular hole excavated in the floor, from one to five feet deep, the sides of which are covered with hardened plaster, on which cakes are baked of the form and thickness of pancakes. (See on 창18:6). The shape of Eastern ovens varies considerably according to the nomadic or settled habits of the people.
【레2:5 JFB】5. baken in a pan—a thin plate, generally of copper or iron, placed on a slow fire, similar to what the country people in Scotland called a "girdle" for baking oatmeal cakes.
【레2:6 JFB】6. part it in pieces, and pour oil thereon—Pouring oil on bread is a common practice among Eastern people, who are fond of broken bread dipped in oil, butter, and milk. Oil only was used in the meat offerings, and probably for a symbolic reason. It is evident that these meat offerings were previously prepared by the offerer, and when brought, the priest was to take it from his hands and burn a portion on the altar.
【레2:11 JFB】11. ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the Lord—Nothing sweet or sour was to be offered. In the warm climates of the East leavened bread soon spoils, and hence it was regarded as the emblem of hypocrisy or corruption. Some, however, think that the prohibition was that leaven and honey were used in the idolatrous rites of the heathen.
【레2:12 JFB】12. the oblation of the first-fruits—voluntary offerings made by individuals out of their increase, and leaven and honey might be used with these (레23:17; 민15:20). Though presented at the altar, they were not consumed, but assigned by God for the use of the priests.
【레2:12 MHCC】Salt is required in all the offerings. God hereby intimates to them that their sacrifices, in themselves, were unsavoury. All religious services must be seasoned with grace. Christianity is the salt of the earth. Directions are given about offering their first-fruits at harvest. If a man, with a thankful sense of God's goodness in giving him a plentiful crop, was disposed to present an offering to God, let him bring the first ripe and full ears. Whatever was brought to God must be the best in its kind, though it were but green ears of corn. Oil and frankincense must be put upon it. Wisdom and humility soften and sweeten the spirits and services of young people, and their green ears of corn shall be acceptable. God takes delight in the first ripe fruits of the Spirit, and the expressions of early piety and devotion. Holy love to God is the fire by which all our offerings must be made. The frankincense denotes the mediation and intercession of Christ, by which our services are accepted. Blessed be God that we have the substance, of which these observances were but shadows. There is that excellency in Christ, and in his work as Mediator, which no types and shadows can fully represent. And our dependence thereon must be so entire, that we must never lose sight of it in any thing we do, if we would be accepted of God.
【레2:13 JFB】13. every … meat offering shalt thou season with salt—The same reasons which led to the prohibition of leaven, recommended the use of salt—if the one soon putrefies, the other possesses a strongly preservative property, and hence it became an emblem of incorruption and purity, as well as of a perpetual covenant—a perfect reconciliation and lasting friendship. No injunction in the whole law was more sacredly observed than this application of salt; for besides other uses of it that will be noticed elsewhere, it had a typical meaning referred to by our Lord concerning the effect of the Gospel on those who embrace it (막9:49, 50); as when plentifully applied it preserves meat from spoiling, so will the Gospel keep men from being corrupted by sin. And as salt was indispensable to render sacrifices acceptable to God, so the Gospel, brought home to the hearts of men by the Holy Ghost, is indispensably requisite to their offering up of themselves as living sacrifices [Brown].
【레2:14 JFB】14. a meat offering of thy first-fruits—From the mention of "green ears," this seems to have been a voluntary offering before the harvest—the ears being prepared in the favorite way of Eastern people, by parching them at the fire, and then beating them out for use. It was designed to be an early tribute of pious thankfulness for the earth's increase, and it was offered according to the usual directions.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.