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■ 역대상 18장
1. 이 후에 다윗이 블레셋 사람을 쳐서 항복받고 블레셋 사람의 손에서 가드와 그 동네를 빼앗고
Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines , and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the Philistines .
2. 또 모압을 치매 모압 사람이 다윗의 종이 되어 조공을 바치니라
And he smote Moab ; and the Moabites became David’s servants , and brought gifts .
3. 소바 왕 하닷에셀이 유브라데 강 가에서 자기 권세를 펴고자 하매 다윗이 저를 쳐서 하막까지 이르고
And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath , as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates .
4. 그 병거 일천 승과 기병 칠천과 보병 이만을 빼앗고 그 병거 일백 승의 말만 남기고 그 외의 병거의 말은 다 발의 힘줄을 끊었더니
And David took from him a thousand chariots , and seven thousand horsemen , and twenty thousand footmen : David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots .
5. 다메섹 아람 사람이 소바 왕 하닷에셀을 도우러 온지라 다윗이 아람 사람 이만 이천을 죽이고
And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of Zobah , David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men .
6. 다메섹 아람에 수비대를 두매 아람 사람이 다윗의 종이 되어 조공을 바치니라 다윗이 어디로 가든지 여호와께서 이기게 하시니라
Then David put garrisons in Syria–damascus ; and the Syrians became David’s servants , and brought gifts . Thus the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went .
7. 다윗이 하닷에셀의 신복들의 가진 금방패를 빼앗아 예루살렘으로 가져오고
And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadarezer , and brought them to Jerusalem .
8. 또 하닷에셀의 성읍 디브핫과 군에서 심히 많은 곳을 취하였더니 솔로몬이 그것으로 놋바다와 기둥과 놋그릇들을 만들었더라
Likewise from Tibhath , and from Chun , cities of Hadarezer , brought David very much brass , wherewith Solomon made the brasen sea , and the pillars , and the vessels of brass .
9. 하맛 왕 도우가 다윗이 소바 왕 하닷에셀의 온 군대를 쳐서 파하였다 함을 듣고
Now when Tou king of Hamath heard how David had smitten all the host of Hadarezer king of Zobah ;
10. 그 아들 하도람을 보내어 다윗 왕에게 문안하고 축복하게 하니 이는 하닷에셀이 이왕에 도우로 더불어 여러번 전쟁이 있던 터에 다윗이 하닷에셀을 쳐서 파하였음이라 하도람이 금과 은과 놋의 여러가지 그릇을 가져온지라
He sent Hadoram his son to king David , to enquire of his welfare , and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer , and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou ;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass .
11. 다윗 왕이 그것도 여호와께 드리되 에돔과 모압과 암몬 자손과 블레셋 사람과 아말렉 등 여러 족속에게서 취하여 온 은금과 함께 하여 드리니라
Them also king David dedicated unto the Lord , with the silver and the gold that he brought from all these nations ; from Edom , and from Moab , and from the children of Ammon , and from the Philistines , and from Amalek .
12. 스루야의 아들 아비새가 염곡에서 에돔 사람 일만 팔천을 쳐 죽인지라
Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the valley of salt eighteen thousand .
13. 다윗이 에돔에 수비대를 두매 에돔 사람이 다 다윗의 종이 되니라 다윗이 어디로 가든지 여호와께서 이기게 하셨더라
And he put garrisons in Edom ; and all the Edomites became David’s servants . Thus the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went .
14. 다윗이 온 이스라엘을 다스려 모든 백성에게 공과 의를 행할새
So David reigned over all Israel , and executed judgment and justice among all his people .
15. 스루야의 아들 요압은 군대 장관이 되고 아힐룻의 아들 여호사밧은 사관이 되고
And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host ; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud , recorder .
16. 아히둡의 아들 사독과 아비아달의 아들 아비멜렉은 제사장이 되고 사워사는 서기관이 되고
And Zadok the son of Ahitub , and Abimelech the son of Abiathar , were the priests ; and Shavsha was scribe ;
17. 여호야다의 아들 브나야는 그렛 사람과 블렛 사람을 관할하고 다윗의 아들들은 왕을 모셔 대신이 되니라
And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites ; and the sons of David were chief about the king .
■ 주석 보기
【대상18:1 JFB】대상18:1, 2. David Subdues the Philistines and Moabites.
1. David … took Gath and her towns—The full extent of David's conquests in the Philistine territory is here distinctly stated, whereas in the parallel passage (삼하8:1) it was only described in a general way. Gath was the "Metheg-ammah," or "arm-bridle," as it is there called—either from its supremacy as the capital over the other Philistine towns, or because, in the capture of that important place and its dependencies, he obtained the complete control of his restless neighbors.
【대상18:1 CWC】[DAVID'S REIGN]
1. The Downfall of Saul, c. 10.
In reading this chapter with whose general contents we became familiar in 1 Samuel 31, it is important to note the inspired comment at its close (vv.
13, 14).
2. David's Heroes, cc. 11, 12.
In the history of David in this book, the writer dwells chiefly on its prosperous side, passing over the rest as lightly as possible. His anointing at Hebron (vv. 1-3), reveals nothing of what we learned earlier of the rival kingdom of the house of Saul, and the seven years before his exaltation over all Israel. Again, in the list of warriors (11:10-47), there is an omission of Joab's treachery and barbarous conduct in the cases of Abner, Uriah and Absalom.
Chapter 12 contains a supplemental list of braves who attached themselves to David earlier, and during the days of Saul, and of whom we have no record until now.
3. David's Victories and Festivals, cc. 13-16.
These begin with the bringing up of the ark as far as the house of Obed-edom (c. 13). Then follows the account of battles with the Philistines (c. 14), which occupies a different position from that in 2 Samuel 5, the reason for which can only be conjectured. After this the ark is brought up to Jerusalem (cc. 15, 16), the record being more detailed than in Samuel. Note, for example, the preparation and act of transfer. A tent is erected, (15:1) possibly in the vicinity of the palace, after the model of the old tabernacle. Then a consultation is held (v. 2), the representative men are assembled (v. 3), the bearers chosen (vv. 12-15), the singers appointed (vv. 16-24). Then the act itself, with its rejoicings, sacrifices and distribution of gifts (15:25-16:3). Then the initial service and the psalm of thanksgiving (vv. 4-36).
Another thus analyzes the eight strophes of this psalm: The first, summons to praise (vv. 8-11); the second, to think on the wonders and judgments of the Lord (vv. 12-14); the third, to think of the covenant made with the fathers (vv. 15-18); the fourth, gives the reasons to remember this covenant (vv. 19-22); the fifth, affirms that all the world shall concur in the greatness and glory of God (vv. 23-27); the sixth, all nations shall worship Him (vv. 28-30); the seventh, the inanimate creation will exult before Him (vv. 31-33); the eighth, closes with a repeated summons to praise and prayer (vv. 34-36).
4. David and The Temple, cc. 17-22.
Except as to its location the record in chapter 17 is in substance the same as in 2 Samuel 7. The "group of war reports," cc. 18-20, runs parallel to four sections in 2 Samuel which in that case are separated from one another by other matters. The story of the plague following the census (c. 21), contains some deviations from that in Samuel, as for example, its position in the record, the fact that the offence was instigated by Satan, that Benjamin and Levi were not numbered, and that the threshing-floor was thereafter the constant place of sacrifice by David. These things are additions and not contradictions. As to the last named, the words in verse 28, "At that time * * * he sacrificed there," have been rendered by Luther and others, "was wont to offer there," meaning that he did it repeatedly, frequently. In an earlier lesson it was stated that this threshing-floor subsequently became the site of Solomon's temple.
After the episode represented by these chapters the author returns to the subject of the temple (c. 22), speaking of David's preparation of the materials (vv. 1-5), his charge to Solomon (vv. 6-16), and finally his appeal to the princes to assist (vv. 17-19).
6. The Temple and Military Officers, cc. 23-27.
The opening comment of this section gives the reason for what follows. David was old and felt the need of putting things in readiness for his son (v. 1). There are two things that concern him chiefly, the worship of God and the strengthening of the kingdom, and it is significant that the worship of God receives attention first.
The chapters arrange themselves thus: Chapter 23 deals with the Levites, their number and classification for work; 24 does the same for the priests, except that the closing verses refer again to the Levites; 25 speaks of the singers; 26 of the porters, treasurers and other business officers; and 27 of the army, including its divisions and commanders.
7. David's Last Directions and Death, cc, 28, 29.
The last directions of David concern the building of the temple where all the princes, the captains, the courtiers and the heroes are addressed (vv. 1, 2), and Solomon in their presence is invested with power and authority as his successor (w. 5-21).
Note the words in verse 12. "And the pattern of all that he had by the Spirit." We use a capital "S" believing the Holy Spirit to be intended, and that the words should be read in the light of verse 19, "All this, the Lord made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern." Are we not to understand, difficult as the words may be, that as God revealed the original of the temple to Moses in the wilderness when He revealed the tabernacle, so now also He controlled and directed David when the time came for the actual erection of the temple?
Do not pass chapter 29 carelessly. Note David's example of giving (vv. 3-5), and the lever it affords to make an appeal to others. See the working of the Spirit of God among the people in the gladness of it all (v. 9), a fact David recognizes and for which he praises God, verse 10 and the following.
When it says "they made Solomon king the second time" (v. 22), it is in contrast with 23:1. In that case the first proclamation was made, but now the actual anointing took place. (Compare 왕상1:32 and the following verses.)
【대상18:1 MHCC】David's victories.
—This chapter is the same as 2Sa 8. Our good fight of faith, under the Captain of our salvation, will end in everlasting triumph and peace. The happiness of Israel, through David's victories, and just government, faintly shadowed forth the happiness of the redeemed in the realms above.
【대상18:2 JFB】2. he smote Moab—The terrible severities by which David's conquest of that people was marked, and the probable reason of their being subjected to such a dreadful retribution, are narrated (삼하8:2).
the Moabites … brought gifts—that is, became tributary to Israel.
【대상18:3 JFB】대상18:3-17. David Smites Hadadezer and the Syrians.
3. Hadarezer—or, "Hadadezer" (삼하8:3), which was probably the original form of the name, was derived from Hadad, a Syrian deity. It seems to have become the official and hereditary title of the rulers of that kingdom.
Zobah—Its situation is determined by the words "unto" or "towards Hamath," a little to the northeast of Damascus, and is supposed by some to be the same place as in earlier times was called Hobah (창14:15). Previous to the rise of Damascus, Zobah was the capital of the kingdom which held supremacy among the petty states of Syria.
as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates—Some refer this to David, who was seeking to extend his possessions in one direction towards a point bordering on the Euphrates, in accordance with the promise (창15:18; 민24:17). But others are of opinion that, as David's name is mentioned (대상18:4), this reference is most applicable to Hadadezer.
【대상18:4 JFB】4-8. And David took from him a thousand chariots—(See on 삼하8:3-14). In 삼하8:4 David is said to have taken seven hundred horsemen, whereas here it is said that he took seven thousand. This great discrepancy in the text of the two narratives seems to have originated with a transcriber in confounding the two Hebrew letters which indicate the numbers, and in neglecting to mark or obscure the points over one of them. We have no means of ascertaining whether seven hundred or seven thousand be the more correct. Probably the former should be adopted [Davidson's HERMENUTICS].
but reserved of them an hundred chariots—probably to grace a triumphal procession on his return to Jerusalem, and after using them in that way, destroy them like the rest.
【대상18:8 JFB】8. from Tibhath and from Chun—These places are called Betah and Berothai (삼하8:8). Perhaps the one might be the Jewish, the other the Syrian, name of these towns. Neither their situation nor the connection between them is known. The Arabic version makes them to be Emesa (now Hems) and Baal-bek, both of which agree very well with the relative position of Zobah.
【대상18:9 JFB】9-13. Tou—or Toi—whose dominions border on those of Hadadezer. (See on 삼하8:9-12; 왕상11:15).
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