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■ 역대상 11장
1. 온 이스라엘이 헤브론에 모여 다윗을 보고 가로되 우리는 왕의 골육이니이다
Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron , saying , Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh .
2. 전일 곧 사울이 왕이 되었을 때에도 이스라엘을 거느려 출입하게 한 자가 왕이시었고 왕의 하나님 여호와께서도 왕에게 말씀하시기를 네가 내 백성 이스라엘의 목자가 되며 내 백성 이스라엘의 주권자가 되리라 하셨나이다 하니라
And moreover in time past , even when Saul was king , thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel : and the Lord thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel , and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel .
3. 이에 이스라엘 모든 장로가 헤브론에 이르러 왕에게 나아오니 다윗이 헤브론에서 여호와 앞에서 저희와 언약을 세우매 저희가 다윗에게 기름을 부어 이스라엘 왕을 삼으니 여호와께서 사무엘로 전하신 말씀대로 되었더라
Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron ; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord ; and they anointed David king over Israel , according to the word of the Lord by Samuel .
4. 다윗이 온 이스라엘로 더불어 예루살렘 곧 여부스에 이르니 여부스 토인이 거기 거하였더라
And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem , which is Jebus ; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land .
5. 여부스 토인이 다윗에게 이르기를 네가 이리로 들어오지 못하리라 하나 다윗이 시온 산성을 빼앗았으니 이는 다윗 성이더라
And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David , Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion , which is the city of David .
6. 다윗이 가로되 먼저 여부스 사람을 치는 자는 두목과 장관을 삼으리라 하였더니 스루야의 아들 요압이 먼저 올라갔으므로 두목이 되었고
And David said , Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain . So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up , and was chief .
7. 다윗이 그 산성에 거한고로 무리가 다윗 성이라 일컬었으며
And David dwelt in the castle ; therefore they called it the city of David .
8. 다윗이 밀로에서부터 두루 성을 쌓았고 그 남은 성은 요압이 중수하였더라
And he built the city round about , even from Millo round about : and Joab repaired the rest of the city .
9. 만군의 여호와께서 함께 계시니 다윗이 점점 강성하여 가니라
So David waxed greater and greater : for the Lord of hosts was with him.
10. 다윗에게 있는 용사의 두목은 이러하니라 이 사람들이 온 이스라엘로 더불어 다윗의 힘을 도와 나라를 얻게 하고 세워 왕을 삼았으니 이는 여호와께서 이스라엘에 대하여 이르신 말씀대로 함이었더라
These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom , and with all Israel , to make him king , according to the word of the Lord concerning Israel .
11. 다윗에게 있는 용사의 수효가 이러하니라 학몬 사람의 아들 야소브암은 삼십 인의 두목이라 저가 창을 들어 한 때에 삼백 인을 죽였고
And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam , an Hachmonite , the chief of the captains : he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time .
12. 그 다음은 아호아 사람 도도의 아들 엘르아살이니 세 용사 중 하나이라
And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo , the Ahohite , who was one of the three mighties .
13. 저가 바스담밈에서 다윗과 함께하였더니 블레셋 사람이 그곳에 모여와서 치니 거기 보리가 많이 난 밭이 있더라 백성들이 블레셋 사람 앞에서 도망하되
He was with David at Pas–dammim , and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle , where was a parcel of ground full of barley ; and the people fled from before the Philistines .
14. 저희가 그 밭 가운데 서서 그 밭을 보호하여 블레셋 사람을 죽였으니 여호와께서 큰 구원으로 구원하심이었더라
And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel , and delivered it, and slew the Philistines ; and the Lord saved them by a great deliverance .
15. 삼십 두목 중 세 사람이 바위로 내려가서 아둘람 굴 다윗에게 이를 때에 블레셋 군대가 르바임 골짜기에 진쳤더라
Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David , into the cave of Adullam ; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim .
16. 그 때에 다윗은 산성에 있고 블레셋 사람의 영채는 베들레헴에 있는지라
And David was then in the hold , and the Philistines’ garrison was then at Beth–lehem .
17. 다윗이 사모하여 가로되 베들레헴 성문 곁 우물물을 누가 나로 마시게 할꼬 하매
And David longed , and said , Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth–lehem , that is at the gate !
18. 이 세 사람이 블레셋 사람의 군대를 충돌하고 지나가서 베들레헴 성문 곁 우물물을 길어 가지고 다윗에게로 왔으나 다윗이 마시기를 기뻐 아니하고 그 물을 여호와께 부어드리고
And the three brake through the host of the Philistines , and drew water out of the well of Beth–lehem , that was by the gate , and took it, and brought it to David : but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the Lord ,
19. 가로되 내 하나님이여 내가 결단코 이런 일을 하지 아니하리이다 생명을 돌아보지 아니하고 갔던 사람들의 피를 어찌 마시리이까 하고 마시기를 즐겨 아니하니라 세 용사가 이런 일을 행하였더라
And said , My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing : shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy ? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest .
20. 요압의 아우 아비새는 그 삼 인의 두목이라 저가 창을 들어 삼백 인을 죽이고 그 삼 인 중에 이름을 얻었으니
And Abishai the brother of Joab , he was chief of the three : for lifting up his spear against three hundred , he slew them, and had a name among the three .
21. 저는 둘째 삼 인 중에 가장 존귀하여 저희의 두목이 되었으나 그러나 첫째 삼 인에게는 미치지 못하니라
Of the three , he was more honourable than the two ; for he was their captain : howbeit he attained not to the first three .
22. 갑스엘 용사의 손자 여호야다의 아들 브나야는 효용한 일을 행한자라 저가 모압 아리엘의 아들 둘을 죽였고 또 눈 올 때에 함정에 내려가서 한 사자를 죽였으며
Benaiah the son of Jehoiada , the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel , who had done many acts ; he slew two lionlike men of Moab : also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day .
23. 또 장대한 애굽 사람을 죽였는데 그 사람의 키가 다섯 규빗이요 그 손에 든 창이 베틀채 같으나 저가 막대기를 가지고 내려가서 그 애굽 사람의 손에서 창을 빼앗아 그 창으로 죽였더라
And he slew an Egyptian , a man of great stature , five cubits high; and in the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam ; and he went down to him with a staff , and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand , and slew him with his own spear .
24. 여호야다의 아들 브나야가 이런 일을 행하였으므로 세 용사 중에 이름을 얻고
These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada , and had the name among the three mighties .
25. 삼십 인보다 존귀하나 그러나 첫 삼 인에게는 미치지 못하니라 다윗이 저를 세워 시위대 장관을 삼았더라
Behold , he was honourable among the thirty , but attained not to the first three : and David set him over his guard .
26. 또 군중의 큰 용사는 요압의 아우 아사헬과 베들레헴 사람 도도의 아들 엘하난과
Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab , Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth–lehem ,
27. 하롤 사람 삼훗과 블론 사람 헬레스와
Shammoth the Harorite , Helez the Pelonite ,
28. 드고아 사람 익게스의 아들 이라와 아나돗 사람 아비에셀과
Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite , Abi–ezer the Antothite ,
29. 후삿 사람 십브개와 아호아 사람 일래와
Sibbecai the Hushathite , Ilai the Ahohite ,
30. 느도바 사람 마하래와 느도바 사람 바아나의 아들 헬렛과
Maharai the Netophathite , Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite ,
31. 베냐민 자손에 속한 기브아 사람 리배의 아들 이대와 비라돈 사람 브나야와
Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah , that pertained to the children of Benjamin , Benaiah the Pirathonite ,
32. 가아스 시냇가에 사는 후래와 아르바 사람 아비엘과
Hurai of the brooks of Gaash , Abiel the Arbathite ,
33. 바하룸 사람 아스마웹과 사알본 사람 엘리아바와
Azmaveth the Baharumite , Eliahba the Shaalbonite ,
34. 기손 사람 하셈의 아들들과 하랄 사람 사게의 아들 요나단과
The sons of Hashem the Gizonite , Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite ,
35. 하랄 사람 사갈의 아들 아히암과 울의 아들 엘리발과
Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite , Eliphal the son of Ur ,
36. 므게랏 사람 헤벨과 블론 사람 아히야와
Hepher the Mecherathite , Ahijah the Pelonite ,
37. 갈멜 사람 헤스로와 에스배의 아들 나아래와
Hezro the Carmelite , Naarai the son of Ezbai ,
38. 나단의 아우 요엘과 하그리의 아들 밉할과
Joel the brother of Nathan , Mibhar the son of Haggeri ,
39. 암몬 사람 셀렉과 스루야의 아들 요압의 병기 잡은 자 베롯 사람 나하래와
Zelek the Ammonite , Naharai the Berothite , the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah ,
40. 이델 사람 이라와 이델 사람 가렙과
Ira the Ithrite , Gareb the Ithrite ,
41. 헷 사람 우리아와 알래의 아들 사밧과
Uriah the Hittite , Zabad the son of Ahlai ,
42. 르우벤 자손 시사의 아들 곧 르우벤 자손의 두목 아디나와 그 종자 삼십 인과
Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite , a captain of the Reubenites , and thirty with him,
43. 마아가의 아들 하난과 미덴 사람 요사밧과
Hanan the son of Maachah , and Joshaphat the Mithnite ,
44. 아스드랏 사람 웃시야와 아로엘 사람 호담의 아들 사마와 여이엘과
Uzzia the Ashterathite , Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite ,
45. 시므리의 아들 여디아엘과 그 아우 디스 사람 요하와
Jediael the son of Shimri , and Joha his brother , the Tizite ,
46. 마하위 사람 엘리엘과 엘라암의 아들 여리배와 요사위야와 모압 사람 이드마와
Eliel the Mahavite , and Jeribai , and Joshaviah , the sons of Elnaam , and Ithmah the Moabite ,
47. 엘리엘과 오벳과 므소바 사람 야아시엘이더라
Eliel , and Obed , and Jasiel the Mesobaite .
■ 주석 보기
【대상11:1 JFB】대상11:1-3. David Made King.
1. Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron—This event happened on the death of Ish-bosheth (see on 삼하5:1). The convention of the estates of the kingdom, the public and solemn homage of the representatives of the people, and the repeated anointing of the new king in their presence and by their direction, seem to have been necessary to the general acknowledgment of the sovereign on the part of the nation (compare 삼상11:15).
【대상11:1 CWC】[DAVID'S REIGN]
1. The Downfall of Saul, c. 10.
In reading this chapter with whose general contents we became familiar in 1 Samuel 31, it is important to note the inspired comment at its close (vv.
13, 14).
2. David's Heroes, cc. 11, 12.
In the history of David in this book, the writer dwells chiefly on its prosperous side, passing over the rest as lightly as possible. His anointing at Hebron (vv. 1-3), reveals nothing of what we learned earlier of the rival kingdom of the house of Saul, and the seven years before his exaltation over all Israel. Again, in the list of warriors (11:10-47), there is an omission of Joab's treachery and barbarous conduct in the cases of Abner, Uriah and Absalom.
Chapter 12 contains a supplemental list of braves who attached themselves to David earlier, and during the days of Saul, and of whom we have no record until now.
3. David's Victories and Festivals, cc. 13-16.
These begin with the bringing up of the ark as far as the house of Obed-edom (c. 13). Then follows the account of battles with the Philistines (c. 14), which occupies a different position from that in 2 Samuel 5, the reason for which can only be conjectured. After this the ark is brought up to Jerusalem (cc. 15, 16), the record being more detailed than in Samuel. Note, for example, the preparation and act of transfer. A tent is erected, (15:1) possibly in the vicinity of the palace, after the model of the old tabernacle. Then a consultation is held (v. 2), the representative men are assembled (v. 3), the bearers chosen (vv. 12-15), the singers appointed (vv. 16-24). Then the act itself, with its rejoicings, sacrifices and distribution of gifts (15:25-16:3). Then the initial service and the psalm of thanksgiving (vv. 4-36).
Another thus analyzes the eight strophes of this psalm: The first, summons to praise (vv. 8-11); the second, to think on the wonders and judgments of the Lord (vv. 12-14); the third, to think of the covenant made with the fathers (vv. 15-18); the fourth, gives the reasons to remember this covenant (vv. 19-22); the fifth, affirms that all the world shall concur in the greatness and glory of God (vv. 23-27); the sixth, all nations shall worship Him (vv. 28-30); the seventh, the inanimate creation will exult before Him (vv. 31-33); the eighth, closes with a repeated summons to praise and prayer (vv. 34-36).
4. David and The Temple, cc. 17-22.
Except as to its location the record in chapter 17 is in substance the same as in 2 Samuel 7. The "group of war reports," cc. 18-20, runs parallel to four sections in 2 Samuel which in that case are separated from one another by other matters. The story of the plague following the census (c. 21), contains some deviations from that in Samuel, as for example, its position in the record, the fact that the offence was instigated by Satan, that Benjamin and Levi were not numbered, and that the threshing-floor was thereafter the constant place of sacrifice by David. These things are additions and not contradictions. As to the last named, the words in verse 28, "At that time * * * he sacrificed there," have been rendered by Luther and others, "was wont to offer there," meaning that he did it repeatedly, frequently. In an earlier lesson it was stated that this threshing-floor subsequently became the site of Solomon's temple.
After the episode represented by these chapters the author returns to the subject of the temple (c. 22), speaking of David's preparation of the materials (vv. 1-5), his charge to Solomon (vv. 6-16), and finally his appeal to the princes to assist (vv. 17-19).
6. The Temple and Military Officers, cc. 23-27.
The opening comment of this section gives the reason for what follows. David was old and felt the need of putting things in readiness for his son (v. 1). There are two things that concern him chiefly, the worship of God and the strengthening of the kingdom, and it is significant that the worship of God receives attention first.
The chapters arrange themselves thus: Chapter 23 deals with the Levites, their number and classification for work; 24 does the same for the priests, except that the closing verses refer again to the Levites; 25 speaks of the singers; 26 of the porters, treasurers and other business officers; and 27 of the army, including its divisions and commanders.
7. David's Last Directions and Death, cc, 28, 29.
The last directions of David concern the building of the temple where all the princes, the captains, the courtiers and the heroes are addressed (vv. 1, 2), and Solomon in their presence is invested with power and authority as his successor (w. 5-21).
Note the words in verse 12. "And the pattern of all that he had by the Spirit." We use a capital "S" believing the Holy Spirit to be intended, and that the words should be read in the light of verse 19, "All this, the Lord made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern." Are we not to understand, difficult as the words may be, that as God revealed the original of the temple to Moses in the wilderness when He revealed the tabernacle, so now also He controlled and directed David when the time came for the actual erection of the temple?
Do not pass chapter 29 carelessly. Note David's example of giving (vv. 3-5), and the lever it affords to make an appeal to others. See the working of the Spirit of God among the people in the gladness of it all (v. 9), a fact David recognizes and for which he praises God, verse 10 and the following.
When it says "they made Solomon king the second time" (v. 22), it is in contrast with 23:1. In that case the first proclamation was made, but now the actual anointing took place. (Compare 왕상1:32 and the following verses.)
【대상11:1 MHCC】David was brought to possess the throne of Israel after he had reigned seven years in Hebron, over Judah only. God's counsels will be fulfilled at last, whatever difficulties lie in the way. The way to be truly great, is to be really useful, to devote all our talents to the Lord.
【대상11:4 JFB】대상11:4-9. He Wins the Castle of Zion from the Jebusites by Joab's Valor.
4. David and all Israel went to … Jebus—(See on 삼하5:6).
【대상11:8 JFB】8. Joab repaired the rest of the city—David built a new town to the north of the old one on Mount Zion; but Joab was charged with a commission to restore the part that had been occupied by the ancient Jebus, to repair the breaches made during the siege, to rebuild the houses which had been demolished or burned in the sacking of the town, and to preserve all that had escaped the violence of the soldiery. This work of reconstruction is not noticed elsewhere [Calmet].
【대상11:10 JFB】대상11:10-47. A Catalogue of His Worthies.
10. These … are the chief of the mighty men—(See on 삼하23:8). They are here described as those who held strongly with him (Margin) to make him king, &c. In these words the sacred historian assigns a reason for introducing the list of their names, immediately after his account of the election of David as king, and the conquest of Jerusalem; namely, that they assisted in making David king. In the original form of the list, and the connection in which it occurs in Samuel, there is no reference to the choice of a king; and even in this passage it is only in the clause introduced into the superscription that such a reference occurs [Keil].
【대상11:10 MHCC】An account is given of David's worthies, the great men who served him. Yet David reckoned his success, not as from the mighty men that were with him, but from the mighty God, whose presence is all in all. In strengthening him, they strengthened themselves and their own interest, for his advancement was theirs. We shall gain by what we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David; and those that are faithful to Him, shall find their names registered much more to their honour, than these are in the records of fame.
【대상11:11 JFB】11-13. Jashobeam, an Hachmonite—or, "son of Hachmoni." He is called also son of Zabdiel (대상27:2), so that, strictly speaking, he was the grandson of Hachmoni (compare 대상27:32).
lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time—The feat is said (삼하23:8) to have been a slaughter of eight hundred in one day. Some endeavor to reconcile the statements in that passage and in this by supposing that he slew eight hundred on one occasion and three hundred on another; while others conjecture that he attacked a body of eight hundred, and, having slain three hundred of them, the rest fled [Lightfoot].
【대상11:12 JFB】12. the three mighties—Only two are mentioned; namely, Jashobeam and Eleazar—the third, Shammah (삼하23:11), is not named in this passage.
【대상11:13 JFB】13. He was with David at Pas-dammim—It was at the time when he was a fugitive in the wilderness, and, parched with thirst under the burning heat of noonday, he wistfully thought of the cool fountain of his native village [삼하23:15; 대상11:17]. This is a notice of the achievement, to which Eleazar owed his fame, but the details are found only in 삼하23:9-11, where it is further said that he was aided by the valor of Shammah, a fact corroborated in the passage before us (대상11:14), where it is recorded of the heroes, that "they set themselves in the midst of that parcel." As the singular number is used in speaking of Shammah (삼하23:12), the true view seems to be that when Eleazar had given up from exhaustion, Shammah succeeded, and by his fresh and extraordinary prowess preserved the field.
barley—or lentils (삼하23:11). Ephes-dammim was situated between Shocoh and Azekah, in the west of the Judahite territory. These feats were performed when David acted as Saul's general against the Philistines.
【대상11:15 JFB】15-19. David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink … of the well of Beth-lehem—(See on 삼하23:15). This chivalrous act evinces the enthusiastic devotion of David's men, that they were ready to gratify his smallest wish at the risk of their lives. It is probable that, when uttering the wish, David had no recollection of the military posted at Beth-lehem. It is generally taken for granted that those who fought a way to the well of Beth-lehem were the three champions just mentioned [see on 대상11:13]. But this is far from being clear. On the contrary, it would seem that three different heroes are referred to, for Abishai (대상11:20) was one of them. The camp of the Philistines was in the valley of Rephaim (대상11:15), which lay on the west of Jerusalem, but an outpost was stationed at Beth-lehem (대상11:16), and through this garrison they had to force a passage.
【대상11:21 JFB】21. howbeit he attained not to the first three—(See on 삼하23:19).
【대상11:22 JFB】22. Benaiah … of Kabzeel—a town in the south of Judah (수15:21; 느11:25). It is said that "he had done many acts," though three only are mentioned as specimens of his daring energy and fearless courage.
slew two lionlike men of Moab—literally, "lions of God," that is, great lions or champions. This gallant feat was probably achieved in David's hostile invasion of Moab (삼하8:2).
also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day—probably a cave into which Benaiah had taken refuge from the snowstorm, and in which he encountered a savage lion which had its lair there. In a spacious cave the achievement would be far greater than if the monster had been previously snared or cabined in a pit.
【대상11:23 JFB】23. he went down—the ordinary phraseology for expressing an engagement in battle. The encounter of Benaiah with this gigantic Egyptian reminds us, in some respects, of David's combat with Goliath. At least, the height of this giant, which was about eight feet, and his armor, resembled his of Gath.
with a staff—that is, having no other weapon in his hand than his walking stick.
【대상11:25 JFB】25. David set him over his guard—the Cherethites and Pelethites that composed the small bodyguard in immediate attendance on the king.
【대상11:26 JFB】26. Also the valiant men of the armies—This was the third degree of military rank, and Asahel was their chief; the names of few of those mentioned are historically known.
【대상11:27 JFB】27. Shammoth—Between this name and Hebez, that of Elikah has evidently fallen out, as we may see (삼하23:25, 26) [Bertheau].
【대상11:30 JFB】30. Maharai—chief of the detachment of the guards who attended on the king in the tenth month, January (대상27:13; 삼하23:28).
【대상11:39 JFB】39. Naharai—armorbearer to Joab (삼하23:37). The non-occurrence of Joab's name in any of the three catalogues is most probably to be accounted for by the circumstance that his office as commander-in-chief raised him to a position superior to all these orders of military knighthood.
【대상11:41 JFB】41. Uriah the Hittite—The enrolment of this name in such a list, attesting, as it does, his distinguished merits as a brave and devoted officer, aggravates the criminality of David's outrage on his life and honor. The number of the names at 대상11:26-41 (exclusive of Asahel and Uriah, who were dead) is thirty, and at 대상11:41-47 is sixteen—making together forty-eight (see on 대상27:1-34). Of those mentioned (대상11:26-41), the greater part belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin; the sixteen names (대상11:41-47) are all associated with places unknown, or with cities and districts on the east of the Jordan. The northern tribes do not appear to have furnished any leaders [Bertheau].
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