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■ 다니엘 11장
1. 내가 또 메대 사람 다리오 원년에 일어나 그를 돕고 강하게 한 일이 있었느니라
Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede , even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him.
2. 이제 내가 참된 것을 네게 보이리라 보라 바사에서 또 세 왕이 일어날 것이요 그 후의 넷째는 그들보다 심히 부요할 것이며 그가 그 부요함으로 강하여진 후에는 모든 사람을 격동시켜 헬라국을 칠 것이며
And now will I shew thee the truth . Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia ; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all : and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia .
3. 장차 한 능력 있는 왕이 일어나서 큰 권세로 다스리며 임의로 행하리라
And a mighty king shall stand up , that shall rule with great dominion , and do according to his will .
4. 그러나 그가 강성할 때에 그 나라가 갈라져 천하 사방에 나누일 것이나 그 자손에게로 돌아가지도 아니할 것이요 또 자기가 주장하던 권세대로도 되지 아니하리니 이는 그 나라가 뽑혀서 이 외의 사람들에게로 돌아갈 것임이니라
And when he shall stand up , his kingdom shall be broken , and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven ; and not to his posterity , nor according to his dominion which he ruled : for his kingdom shall be plucked up , even for others beside those.
5. 남방의 왕은 강할 것이나 그 군들 중에 하나는 그보다 강하여 권세를 떨치리니 그 권세가 심히 클 것이요
And the king of the south shall be strong , and one of his princes ; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion ; his dominion shall be a great dominion .
6. 몇 해 후에 그들이 서로 맹약하리니 곧 남방 왕의 딸이 북방 왕에게 나아가서 화친하리라 그러나 이 공주의 힘이 쇠하고 그 왕은 서지도 못하며 권세가 없어질 뿐 아니라 이 공주와 그를 데리고 온 자와 그를 낳은 자와 그 때에 도와주던 자가 다 버림을 당하리라
And in the end of years they shall join themselves together ; for the king’s daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement : but she shall not retain the power of the arm ; neither shall he stand , nor his arm : but she shall be given up , and they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened her in these times .
7. 그러나 이 공주의 본족에서 난 자 중에 하나가 그의 위를 이어 북방 왕의 군대를 치러 와서 그의 성에 들어가서 그들을 이기고
But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his estate , which shall come with an army , and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north , and shall deal against them, and shall prevail :
8. 그 신들과 부어만든 우상들과 그 은과 금의 아름다운 기구를 다 노략하여 애굽으로 가져갈 것이요 몇 해 동안은 그가 북방 왕을 치지 아니하리라
And shall also carry captives into Egypt their gods , with their princes , and with their precious vessels of silver and of gold ; and he shall continue more years than the king of the north .
9. 북방 왕이 남방 왕의 나라로 쳐 들어갈 것이나 자기 본국으로 물러 가리라
So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom , and shall return into his own land .
10. 그 아들들이 전쟁을 준비하고 심히 많은 군대를 모아서 물의 넘침 같이 나아올 것이며 그가 또 와서 남방 왕의 견고한 성까지 칠 것이요
But his sons shall be stirred up , and shall assemble a multitude of great forces : and one shall certainly come , and overflow , and pass through : then shall he return , and be stirred up , even to his fortress .
11. 남방 왕은 크게 노하여 나와서 북방 왕과 싸울 것이라 북방 왕이 큰 무리를 일으킬 것이나 그 무리가 그의 손에 붙인 바 되리라
And the king of the south shall be moved with choler , and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north : and he shall set forth a great multitude ; but the multitude shall be given into his hand .
12. 그가 큰 무리를 사로잡은 후에 그 마음이 스스로 높아져서 수만 명을 엎드러뜨릴 것이나 그 세력은 더하지 못할 것이요
And when he hath taken away the multitude , his heart shall be lifted up ; and he shall cast down many ten thousands : but he shall not be strengthened by it.
13. 북방 왕은 돌아가서 다시 대군을 전보다 더 많이 준비하였다가 몇 때 곧 몇 해 후에 대군과 많은 물건을 거느리고 오리라
For the king of the north shall return , and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former , and shall certainly come after certain years with a great army and with much riches .
14. 그 때에 여러 사람이 일어나서 남방 왕을 칠 것이요 네 백성 중에서도 강포한 자가 스스로 높아져서 이상을 이루려 할 것이나 그들이 도리어 넘어지리라
And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south : also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision ; but they shall fall .
15. 이에 북방 왕은 와서 토성을 쌓고 견고한 성읍을 취할 것이요 남방 군대는 그를 당할 힘이 없을 것이므로
So the king of the north shall come , and cast up a mount , and take the most fenced cities : and the arms of the south shall not withstand , neither his chosen people , neither shall there be any strength to withstand .
16. 오직 와서 치는 자가 임의로 행하리니 능히 그 앞에 설 사람이 없겠고 그가 영화로운 땅에 설 것이요 그 손에 멸망이 있으리라
But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own will , and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the glorious land , which by his hand shall be consumed .
17. 그가 결심하고 전국의 힘을 다하여 이르렀다가 그와 화친할 것이요 또 여자의 딸을 그에게 주어 그 나라를 패망케 하려 할 것이나 이루지 못하리니 그에게 무익하리라
He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom , and upright ones with him; thus shall he do : and he shall give him the daughter of women , corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him.
18. 그 후에 그가 얼굴을 섬들로 돌이켜 많이 취할 것이나 한 대장이 있어서 그의 보이는 수욕을 씻고 그 수욕을 그에게로 돌릴 것이므로
After this shall he turn his face unto the isles , and shall take many : but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease ; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him.
19. 그가 드디어 그 얼굴을 돌이켜 자기 땅 산성들로 향할 것이나 거쳐 넘어지고 다시는 보이지 아니하리라
Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land : but he shall stumble and fall , and not be found .
20. 그 위를 이을 자가 토색하는 자로 그 나라의 아름다운 곳으로 두루 다니게 할 것이나 그는 분노함이나 싸움이 없이 몇 날이 못되어 망할 것이요
Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom : but within few days he shall be destroyed , neither in anger , nor in battle .
21. 또 그 위를 이을 자는 한 비천한 사람이라 나라 영광을 그에게 주지 아니할 것이나 그가 평안한 때를 타서 궤휼로 그 나라를 얻을 것이며
And in his estate shall stand up a vile person , to whom they shall not give the honour of the kingdom : but he shall come in peaceably , and obtain the kingdom by flatteries .
22. 넘치는 물 같은 군대가 그에게 넘침을 입어 패할 것이요 동맹한 왕도 그렇게 될 것이며
And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him, and shall be broken ; yea, also the prince of the covenant .
23. 그와 약조한 후에 그는 거짓을 행하여 올라올 것이요 적은 백성을 거느리고 강하게 될 것이며
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully : for he shall come up , and shall become strong with a small people .
24. 그가 평안한 때에 그 도의 가장 기름진 곳에 들어와서 그 열조와 열조의 조상이 행하지 못하던 것을 행할 것이요 그는 노략하며 탈취한 재물을 무리에게 흩어주며 모략을 베풀어 얼마 동안 산성들을 칠 것인데 때가 이르기까지 그리하리라
He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province ; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done , nor his fathers’ fathers ; he shall scatter among them the prey , and spoil , and riches : yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds , even for a time .
25. 그가 그 힘을 떨치며 용맹을 발하여 큰 군대를 거느리고 남방 왕도 심히 크고 강한 군대를 거느리고 맞아 싸울 것이나 능히 당하지 못하리니 이는 그들이 모략을 베풀어 그를 침이니라
And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army ; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army ; but he shall not stand : for they shall forecast devices against him.
26. 자기의 진미를 먹는 자가 그를 멸하리니 그 군대가 흩어질 것이요 많은 자가 엎드러져 죽으리라
Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow : and many shall fall down slain .
27. 이 두 왕이 마음에 서로 해코자 하여 한 밥상에 앉았을 때에 거짓말을 할 것이라 일이 형통하지 못하리니 이는 작정된 기한에 미쳐서 그 일이 끝날 것임이니라
And both these kings’ hearts shall be to do mischief , and they shall speak lies at one table ; but it shall not prosper : for yet the end shall be at the time appointed .
28. 북방 왕은 많은 재물을 가지고 본국으로 돌아가리니 그는 마음으로 거룩한 언약을 거스리며 임의로 행하고 본토로 돌아갈 것이며
Then shall he return into his land with great riches ; and his heart shall be against the holy covenant ; and he shall do exploits, and return to his own land .
29. 작정된 기한에 그가 다시 나와서 남방에 이를 것이나 이번이 그 전번만 못하리니
At the time appointed he shall return , and come toward the south ; but it shall not be as the former , or as the latter .
30. 이는 깃딤의 배들이 이르러 그를 칠 것임이라 그가 낙심하고 돌아가며 거룩한 언약을 한하고 임의로 행하며 돌아가서는 거룩한 언약을 배반하는 자를 중히 여길 것이며
For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved , and return , and have indignation against the holy covenant : so shall he do ; he shall even return , and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant .
31. 군대는 그의 편에 서서 성소 곧 견고한 곳을 더럽히며 매일 드리는 제사를 폐하며 멸망케 하는 미운 물건을 세울 것이며
And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength , and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate .
32. 그가 또 언약을 배반하고 악행하는 자를 궤휼로 타락시킬 것이나 오직 자기의 하나님을 아는 백성은 강하여 용맹을 발하리라
And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries : but the people that do know their God shall be strong , and do exploits.
33. 백성 중에 지혜로운 자가 많은 사람을 가르칠 것이나 그들이 칼날과 불꽃과 사로잡힘과 약탈을 당하여 여러 날 동안 쇠패하리라
And they that understand among the people shall instruct many : yet they shall fall by the sword , and by flame , by captivity , and by spoil , many days .
34. 그들이 쇠패할 때에 도움을 조금 얻을 것이나 많은 사람은 궤휼로 그들과 친합할 것이며
Now when they shall fall , they shall be holpen with a little help : but many shall cleave to them with flatteries .
35. 또 그들 중 지혜로운 자 몇 사람이 쇠패하여 무리로 연단되며 정결케 되며 희게 되어 마지막 때까지 이르게 하리니 이는 작정된 기한이 있음이니라
And some of them of understanding shall fall , to try them, and to purge , and to make them white , even to the time of the end : because it is yet for a time appointed .
36. 이 왕이 자기 뜻대로 행하며 스스로 높여 모든 신보다 크다 하며 비상한 말로 신들의 신을 대적하며 형통하기를 분노하심이 쉴 때까지 하리니 이는 그 작정된 일이 반드시 이룰 것임이니라
And the king shall do according to his will ; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god , and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods , and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished : for that that is determined shall be done .
37. 그가 모든 것보다 스스로 크다 하고 그 열조의 신들과 여자의 사모하는 것을 돌아보지 아니하며 아무 신이든지 돌아보지 아니할 것이나
Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers , nor the desire of women , nor regard any god : for he shall magnify himself above all.
38. 그 대신에 세력의 신을 공경할 것이요 또 그 열조가 알지 못하던 신에게 금, 은 보석과 보물을 드려 공경할 것이며
But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces : and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honour with gold , and silver , and with precious stones , and pleasant things .
39. 그는 이방 신을 힘입어 크게 견고한 산성들을 취할 것이요 무릇 그를 안다 하는 자에게는 영광을 더하여 여러 백성을 다스리게도 하며 그에게서 뇌물을 받고 땅을 나눠주기도 하리라
Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god , whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory : and he shall cause them to rule over many , and shall divide the land for gain .
40. 마지막 때에 남방 왕이 그를 찌르리니 북방 왕이 병거와 마병과 많은 배로 회리바람처럼 그에게로 마주 와서 그 여러 나라에 들어가며 물이 넘침 같이 지나갈 것이요
And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind , with chariots , and with horsemen , and with many ships ; and he shall enter into the countries , and shall overflow and pass over .
41. 그가 또 영화로운 땅에 들어갈 것이요 많은 나라를 패망케 할 것이나 오직 에돔과 모압과 암몬 자손의 존귀한 자들은 그 손에서 벗어나리라
He shall enter also into the glorious land , and many countries shall be overthrown : but these shall escape out of his hand , even Edom , and Moab , and the chief of the children of Ammon .
42. 그가 열국에 그 손을 펴리니 애굽 땅도 면치 못할 것이므로
He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries : and the land of Egypt shall not escape .
43. 그가 권세로 애굽의 금 은과 모든 보물을 잡을 것이요 리비아 사람과 구스 사람이 그의 시종이 되리라
But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver , and over all the precious things of Egypt : and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps .
44. 그러나 동북에서부터 소문이 이르러 그로 번민케 하므로 그가 분노하여 나가서 많은 무리를 다 도륙하며 진멸코자 할 것이요
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy , and utterly to make away many .
45. 그가 장막 궁전을 바다와 영화롭고 거룩한 산 사이에 베풀 것이나 그의 끝이 이르리니 도와줄 자가 없으리라
And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain ; yet he shall come to his end , and none shall help him.
■ 주석 보기
【단11:1 JFB】단11:1-45. This chapter is an enlargement of the eighth: The Overthrow of Persia by Grecia: The Four Divisions of Alexander's Kingdom: Conflicts between the Kings of the South and of the North, the Ptolemies and Seleucidæ: AntiochusEpiphanes.
1. I—the angel (단10:18).
first year of Darius—Cyaxares II; the year of the conquest of Babylon (단5:31). Cyrus, who wielded the real power, though in name subordinate to Darius, in that year promulgated the edict for the restoration of the Jews, which Daniel was at the time praying for (단9:1, 2, 21, 23).
stood—implying promptness in helping (시94:16).
strengthen him—namely, Michael; even as Michael (단10:21, "strengtheneth himself with me") helped the angel, both joining their powers in behalf of Israel [Rosenmuller]. Or, Darius, the angel "confirming him" in his purpose of kindness to Israel.
【단11:1 CWC】["A GREAT WARFARE"]
Note the late date of this prophecy (10 :1), and the different rendering of a phrase in the Revised Version, where "even a great warfare" is substituted for "the time appointed was long." As the unveiling of the lesson will show, this phrase is an appropriate title for it.
Note the physical and spiritual preparation of the prophet for the revelation that follows (2-4), a condition into which he had doubtless brought himself by prayer. Had he been seeking of heaven an explanation of the previous mysteries -- especially that of the ram and the he-goat? This seems probable, because what follows traverses so much of the ground of chapter 8.
Verses 5-9 bear so strong a resemblance to the description of the Son of Man in 계1:12-17 as to suggest that it also is a Christophany, or manifestation of the Second Person of the Trinity. But this does not carry with it that it is He who touches and speaks to the prophet in the verses succeeding.
Mysteries of Satan's Kingdom.
Verses 10-14 are full of mystery, yet note first, the appreciation of Daniel in the heavenly courts (11); and then the testimony to the potency of prayer (12). But who is "the prince of the Kingdom of Persia" (13)? Doubtless a spirit of eminence in the kingdom of darkness, to whose control Satan has committed the earthly affairs of Persia (compare 엡4:12). This interpretation seems confirmed by the reference to Michael, elsewhere known as the archangel, and who in the kingdom of light is the special guardian of Israel (10:21. 12:1; Jude 9; 계12:7). What mighty power must Satan possess as judged by this verse, but what a relief to know that there is One stronger than he! Note in the conclusion of this section that the revelation now to be given chiefly concerns what we identify as the end period, the last seven years (14).
Intervening Events, 11:1-35.
Passing over the effect on the prophet, we come to the revelation of what shall take place between his time and that of Antiochus Epiphanes, with whom we were made acquainted in an earlier chapter.
The three kings of verse 2 were Cyrus, Ahasuerus (Cambyses) and Darius Hystaspes (see Anstey's The Romance of Chronology, Vol. I, p. 239). The fourth king was Xerxes (see 스4:5-24). The "mighty king" (3) was Alexander the Great, while the next verse tells once more of the division of his kingdom at his death among his four generals.
Two of these kingdoms of the four now come into prominence, Egypt and Syria (5, 6), as those most closely related to Israel in their subsequent history. The "king's daughter" (6) was Bernice, offspring of Ptolemy II, who married Antiochus Theous of Syria, but was subsequently poisoned by him. Her brother is referred to in verses 7-9 -- Ptolemy Energetes of Egypt.
Verse 9 is a mistranslation, and refers to the king of the north (R. V.), whose sons (10) were nevertheless overcome by the Egyptian king, Ptolemy Philopater (11), who became weakened at length through licentious living (12).
We have now reached the period of about 200 B. C, when Syria, after many vicissitudes, turns the tide of battle in her favor under the leadership of one known as Antiochus the Great. He entered the Holy Land in the course of his campaign (13-16), treating it considerately, however, as the Jews had been his allies. The last part of verse 16 is an incorrect rendering and should be compared with the Revised Version. Later he made another effort to get possession of Egypt, the working out of his plan including a treaty engagement, and the espousal of his daughter, Cleopatra, to the Egyptian king, but the scheme did not succeed (17). Why the Cleopatra in this case is called "the daughter of the women" is not clear, but some suppose it to be because she was but a child and under the tutelage of both her mother and grandmother. Verses 18 and 19 speak of a contest with the Romans into which he unsuccessfully entered, and of his subsequent death.
Antiochus Epiphanes.
The brief reign of Seleucus Philopater B. C. 187-176 is depicted in verse 20, and then we come upon Antiochus Epiphanes, whose story continues through verse 35. "Vile" is "contemptible" in the Revised Version. This man was a younger son of Antiochus the Great, to whom the kingdom did not by right belong, but who stole the hearts of the people as Absalom did from David. He is the "little horn" of chapter 8, and as we have seen, forerunner of the greater "little horn" of the end period. Of his atrocities against Israel and the holy city and temple we read in the books of the Maccabees.
"The ships of Chittim" (30) are a Roman fleet whose power put an end to his victories in Egypt. Returning north, angry in his defeat, he committed those base things against Judea of which mention has been made and which are foretold again in verses 30-35. Apostate Jews sympathized with and aided him, as their successors will do in the case of his successor at the end period; but there were faithful ones under the lead of the Maccabees who valiantly resisted him (32). It was a period of testing for Israel, out of whose fires they came forth much purified.
【단11:1 MHCC】 The vision of the Scriptures of truth.
단11:1-30 The angel shows Daniel the succession of the Persian and Grecian empires. The kings of Egypt and Syria are noticed: Judea was between their dominions, and affected by their contests. From 단11:5-30, is generally considered to relate to the events which came to pass during the continuance of these governments; and from 단11:21, to relate to Antiochus Epiphanes, who was a cruel and violent persecutor of the Jews. See what decaying, perishing things worldly pomp and possessions are, and the power by which they are gotten. God, in his providence, sets up one, and pulls down another, as he pleases. This world is full of wars and fightings, which come from men's lusts. All changes and revolutions of states and kingdoms, and every event, are plainly and perfectly foreseen by God. No word of God shall fall to the ground; but what he has designed, what he has declared, shall infallibly come to pass. While the potsherds of the earth strive with each other, they prevail and are prevailed against, deceive and are deceived; but those who know God will trust in him, and he will enable them to stand their ground, bear their cross, and maintain their conflict.
단11:31-45 The remainder of this prophecy is very difficult, and commentators differ much respecting it. From Antiochus the account seems to pass to antichrist. Reference seems to be made to the Roman empire, the fourth monarchy, in its pagan, early Christian, and papal states. The end of the Lord's anger against his people approaches, as well as the end of his patience towards his enemies. If we would escape the ruin of the infidel, the idolater, the superstitious and cruel persecutor, as well as that of the profane, let us make the oracles of God our standard of truth and of duty, the foundation of our hope, and the light of our paths through this dark world, to the glorious inheritance above.
【단11:2 JFB】2. three kings in Persia—Cambyses, Pseudo-Smerdis, and Darius Hystaspes. (Ahasuerus, Artaxerxes, and Darius, in 스4:6, 7, 24). The Ahasuerus of Esther (see on 단9:1) is identified with Xerxes, both in Greek history and in Scripture, appearing proud, self-willed, careless of contravening Persian customs, amorous, facile, and changeable (단11:2).
fourth … riches … against … Grecia—Xerxes, whose riches were proverbial. Persia reached its climax and showed its greatest power in his invasion of Greece, 480 B.C. After his overthrow at Salamis, Persia is viewed as politically dead, though it had an existence. Therefore, 단11:3, without noticing Xerxes' successors, proceeds at once to Alexander, under whom, first, the third world kingdom, Grecia, reached its culmination, and assumed an importance as to the people of God.
stir up all—Four years were spent in gathering his army out of all parts of his vast empire, amounting to two millions six hundred and forty-one thousand men. [Prideaux, Connexion, 1.4. l. 410].
【단11:3 JFB】3. mighty king … do according to his will—answering to the he-goat's "notable horn" (단8:6, 7, 21). Alexander invaded Persia 334 B.C., to avenge the wrongs of Greece on Persia for Xerxes' past invasion (as Alexander said in a letter to Darius Codomanus, Arrian, Alexander. 2.14.7).
【단11:4 JFB】4. kingdom … divided toward … four winds—the fourfold division of Alexander's kingdom at his death (단8:8, 22), after the battle of Ipsus, 301 B.C.
not to his posterity—(See on 단8:8; 단8:22).
nor according to his dominion—None of his successors had so wide a dominion as Alexander himself.
others besides those—besides Alexander's sons, Hercules by Barsine, Darius' daughter, and Alexander by Roxana, who were both slain [Maurer]. Rather, besides the four successors to the four chief divisions of the empire, there will be other lesser chiefs who shall appropriate smaller fragments of the Macedonian empire [Jerome].
【단11:5 JFB】5. Here the prophet leaves Asia and Greece and takes up Egypt and Syria, these being in continual conflict under Alexander's successors, entailing misery on Judea, which lay between the two. Holy Scripture handles external history only so far as it is connected with God's people, Israel [Jerome]. Tregelles puts a chasm between the fourth and fifth verses, making the transition to the final Antichrist here, answering to the chasm (in his view) at 단8:22, 23.
king of … south—literally, "of midday": Egypt (단11:8, 42), Ptolemy Soter, son of Lagus. He took the title "king," whereas Lagus was but "governor."
one of his princes—Seleucus, at first a satrap of Ptolemy Lagus, but from 312 B.C. king of the largest empire after that of Alexander (Syria, Babylon, Media, &c.), and called therefore Nicator, that is, "conqueror." Connect the words thus, "And one of his (Ptolemy's) princes, even he (Seleucus) shall be strong above him" (above Ptolemy, his former master).
【단11:6 JFB】6. in … end of years—when the predicted time shall be consummated (단11:13, Margin;단8:17; 12:13).
king's daughter of the south—Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus of Egypt. The latter, in order to end his war with Antiochus Theus, "king of the north" (literally, "midnight": the prophetical phrase for the region whence came affliction to Israel, 렘1:13-15; Joe 2:20), that is, Syria, gave Berenice to Antiochus, who thereupon divorced his former wife, Laodice, and disinherited her son, Seleucus Callinicus. The designation, "king of the north" and "of the south," is given in relation to Judea, as the standpoint. Egypt is mentioned by name (단11:8, 42), though Syria is not; because the former was in Daniel's time a flourishing kingdom, whereas Syria was then a mere dependency of Assyria and Babylon: an undesigned proof of the genuineness of the Book of Daniel.
agreement—literally, "rights," that is, to put things to rights between the belligerents.
she shall not retain the power of the arm—She shall not be able to effect the purpose of the alliance, namely, that she should be the mainstay of peace. Ptolemy having died, Antiochus took back Laodice, who then poisoned him, and caused Berenice and her son to be put to death, and raised her own son, Seleucus Nicator, to the throne.
neither shall he stand—The king of Egypt shall not gain his point of setting his line on the throne of Syria.
his arm—that on which he relied. Berenice and her offspring.
they that brought her—her attendants from Egypt.
he that begat her—rather as Margin, "the child whom she brought forth" [Ewald]. If English Version (which Maurer approves) be retained, as Ptolemy died a natural death, "given up" is not in his case, as in Berenice's, to be understood of giving up to death, but in a general sense, of his plan proving abortive.
he that strengthened her in these times—Antiochus Theus, who is to attach himself to her (having divorced Laodice) at the times predicted [Gejer].
【단11:7 JFB】7. a branch of her roots … in his estate—Ptolemy Euergetes, brother of Berenice, succeeding in the place (Margin) of Philadelphus, avenged her death by overrunning Syria, even to the Euphrates.
deal against them—He shall deal with the Syrians at his own pleasure. He slew Laodice.
【단11:8 JFB】8. carry … into Egypt their gods, &c.—Ptolemy, on hearing of a sedition in Egypt, returned with forty thousand talents of silver, precious vessels, and twenty-four hundred images, including Egyptian idols, which Cambyses had carried from Egypt into Persia. The idolatrous Egyptians were so gratified, that they named him Euergetes, or "benefactor."
continue more years—Ptolemy survived Seleucus four years, reigning in all forty-six years. Maurer translates, "Then he for several years shall desist from (contending with) the king of the north" (compare 단11:9).
【단11:9 JFB】9. come into his kingdom—Egypt: not only with impunity, but with great spoil.
【단11:10 JFB】10. his sons—the two sons of the king of the north, Seleucus Callinicus, upon his death by a fall from his horse, namely, Seleucus Ceraunus and Antiochus the Great.
one shall … come—Ceraunus having died, Antiochus alone prosecuted the war with Ptolemy Philopater, Euergetes' son, until he had recovered all the parts of Syria subjugated by Euergetes.
pass through—like an "overflowing" torrent (단11:22, 26, 40; 사8:8). Antiochus penetrated to Dura (near Cæsarea), where he gave Ptolemy a four months' truce.
return—renew the war at the expiration of the truce (so 단11:13).
even to his fortress—Ptolemy's; Raphia, a border-fortress of Egypt against incursions by way of Edom and Arabia-Petræa, near Gaza; here Antiochus was vanquished.
【단11:11 JFB】11. the king of the south … moved with choler—at so great losses, Syria having been wrested from him, and his own kingdom imperilled, though otherwise an indolent man, to which his disasters were owing, as also to the odium of his subjects against him for having murdered his father, mother, and brother, whence in irony they called him Philopater, "father-lover."
he shall set forth a great multitude—Antiochus, king of Syria, whose force was seventy thousand infantry and five thousand cavalry.
but … multitude … given into his hand—into Ptolemy's hands; ten thousand of Antiochus' army were slain, and four thousand made captives.
【단11:12 JFB】12. when he hath taken away—that is, subdued "the multitude" of Antiochus.
heart … lifted up—instead of following up his victory by making himself master of the whole of Syria, as he might, he made peace with Antiochus, and gave himself up to licentiousness [Polybius, 87; Justin, 30.4], and profaned the temple of God by entering the holy place [Grotius].
not be strengthened by it—He shall lose the power gained by his victory through his luxurious indolence.
【단11:13 JFB】13. return—renew the war.
after certain years—fourteen years after his defeat at Raphia. Antiochus, after successful campaigns against Persia and India, made war with Ptolemy Epiphanes, son of Philopater, a mere child.
【단11:14 JFB】14. many stand up against the king of the south—Philip, king of Macedon, and rebels in Egypt itself, combined with Antiochus against Ptolemy.
robbers of thy people—that is, factious men of the Jews shall exalt themselves, so as to revolt from Ptolemy, and join themselves to Antiochus; the Jews helped Antiochus' army with provisions, when on his return from Egypt he besieged the Egyptian garrison left in Jerusalem [Josephus, Antiquities, 12:3.3].
to establish the vision—Those turbulent Jews unconsciously shall help to fulfil the purpose of God, as to the trials which await Judea, according to this vision.
but they shall fall—Though helping to fulfil the vision, they shall fail in their aim, of making Judea independent.
【단11:15 JFB】15. king of … north—Antiochus the Great.
take … fenced cities—Scopas, the Egyptian general, met Antiochus at Paneas, near the sources of the Jordan, and was defeated, and fled to Sidon, a strongly "fenced city," where he was forced to surrender.
chosen people—Egypt's choicest army was sent under Eropus, Menocles, and Damoxenus, to deliver Scopas, but in vain [Jerome].
【단11:16 JFB】16. he that cometh against him—Antiochus coming against Ptolemy Epiphanes.
glorious land—Judea (단11:41, 45; 단8:9; 겔20:6, 15).
by his hand shall be consumed—literally, "perfected," that is, completely brought under his sway. Josephus [Antiquities, 12:3.3] shows that the meaning is not, that the Jews should be utterly consumed: for Antiochus favored them for taking his part against Ptolemy, but that their land should be subjected to him [Lengkerke]. Grotius translates, "shall be perfected by him," that is, shall flourish under him. English Version gives a good sense; namely, that Judea was much "consumed" or "desolated" by being the arena of conflict between the combatants, Syria and Egypt. Tregelles refers (단11:14), "robbers of thy people," to the Gentiles, once oppressors, attempting to restore the Jews to their land by mere human effort, whereas this is to be effected only by divine interposition: their attempt is frustrated (단11:16) by the wilful king, who makes Judea the scene of his military operations.
【단11:17 JFB】17. set his face—purpose steadfastly. Antiochus purpose was, however, turned from open assault to wile, by his war with the Romans in his endeavor to extend his kingdom to the limits it had under Seleucus Nicator.
upright one—Jasher, or Jeshurun (신32:15; 사44:2); the epithet applied by the Hebrews to their nation. It is here used not in praise; for in 단11:14 (see on 단11:14) they are called "robbers," or "men of violence, factious": it is the general designation of Israel, as having God for their God. Probably it is used to rebuke those who ought to have been God's "upright ones" for confederating with godless heathen in acts of violence (the contrast to the term in 단11:14 favors this).
thus shall he do—Instead of at once invading Ptolemy's country with his "whole strength," he prepares his way for doing so by the following plan: he gives to Ptolemy Epiphanes his daughter Cleopatra in marriage, promising Cœlo-Syria and Judea as a dowry, thus securing his neutrality in the war with Rome: he hoped through his daughter to obtain Syria, Cilicia, and Lycia, and even Egypt itself at last; but Cleopatra favored her husband rather than her father, and so defeated his scheme [Jerome]. "She shall not stand on his side."
【단11:18 JFB】18. isles—He "took many" of the isles in the Ægean in his war with the Romans, and crossed the Hellespont.
prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach … to cease—Lucius Scipio Asiaticus, the Roman general, by routing Antiochus at Magnesia (190 B.C.), caused the reproach which he offered Rome by inflicting injuries on Rome's allies, to cease. He did it for his own glory.
without his own reproach—with untarnished reputation.
【단11:19 JFB】19. Then he shall turn … toward … his own land—Compelled by Rome to relinquish all his territory west of the Taurus, and defray the expenses of the war, he garrisoned the cities left to him.
stumble … not be found—Attempting to plunder the temple of Jupiter at Elymais by night, whether through avarice, or the want of money to pay the tribute imposed by Rome (a thousand talents), he was slain with his soldiers in an insurrection of the inhabitants [Justin, 32.2].
【단11:20 JFB】20. in his estate—in Antiochus' stead: his successor, Seleucus Philopater, his son.
in the glory of the kingdom—that is, inheriting it by hereditary right. Maurer translates, "one who shall cause the tax gatherer (Heliodorus) to pass through the glory of the kingdom," that is, Judea, "the glorious land" (단11:16, 41; 단8:9). Simon, a Benjamite, in spite against Onias III, the high priest, gave information of the treasures in the Jewish temple; and Seleucus having reunited to Syria Cœlo-Syria and Palestine, the dowry formerly given by Antiochus the Great to Cleopatra, Ptolemy's wife, sent Heliodorus to Jerusalem to plunder the temple. This is narrated in 2 Maccabe에3:4, &c. Contrast Z전9:8, "No oppressor shall pass through … any more."
within few days … destroyed—after a reign of twelve years, which were "few" compared with the thirty-seven years of Antiochus' reign. Heliodorus, the instrument of Seleucus' sacrilege, was made by God the instrument of his punishment. Seeking the crown, in the absence at Rome of Seleucus' only son and heir, Demetrius, he poisoned Seleucus. But Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucus' brother, by the help of Eumenes, king of Pergamos, succeeded to the throne, 175 B.C.
neither in anger, nor in battle—not in a popular outbreak, nor in open battle.
【단11:21 JFB】21. vile—Antiochus called Epiphanes, that is, "the illustrious," for vindicating the claims of the royal line against Heliodorus, was nicknamed, by a play of sounds, Epimanes, that is, "the madman," for his mad freaks beneath the dignity of a king. He would carouse with the lowest of the people, bathe with them in the public baths, and foolishly jest and throw stones at passers-by [Polybius, 26.10]. Hence, as also for his crafty supplanting of Demetrius, the rightful heir, from the throne, he is termed "vile."
they shall not give … kingdom: but … by flatteries—The nation shall not, by a public act, confer the kingdom on him, but he shall obtain it by artifice, "flattering" Eumenes and Attalus of Pergamos to help him, and, as he had seen candidates at Rome doing, canvassing the Syrian people high and low, one by one, with embraces [Livy, 41.20].
【단11:22 JFB】22. shall they be overflown … before him—Antiochus Epiphanes shall invade Egypt with overwhelming forces.
prince of the covenant—Ptolemy Philometer, the son of Cleopatra, Antiochus' sister, who was joined in covenant with him. Ptolemy's guardians, while he was a boy, sought to recover from Epiphanes Cœlo-Syria and Palestine, which had been promised by Antiochus the Great as Cleopatra's dowry in marrying Ptolemy Epiphanes. Hence arose the war. Philometer's generals were vanquished, and Pelusium, the key of Egypt, taken by Antiochus, 171 B.C.
【단11:23 JFB】23.Tregelles notes three divisions in the history of the "vile person," which is continued to the end of the chapter: (1) His rise (단11:21, 22). (2) The time from his making the covenant to the taking away of the daily sacrifice and setting up of the abomination of desolation (단11:23-31). (3) His career of blasphemy, to his destruction (단11:32-45); the latter two periods answering to the "week" of years of his "covenant with many" (namely, in Israel) (단9:27), and the last being the closing half week of the ninth chapter. But the context so accurately agrees with the relations of Antiochus to Ptolemy that the primary reference seems to be to the "league" between them. Antitypically, Antichrist's relations towards Israel are probably delineated. Compare 단8:11, 25, with 단11:22 here, "prince of the covenant."
work deceitfully—Feigning friendship to young Ptolemy, as if he wished to order his kingdom for him, he took possession of Memphis and all Egypt ("the fattest places," 단11:34) as far as Alexandria.
with a small people—At first, to throw off suspicion, his forces were small.
【단11:24 JFB】24. peaceably—literally, "unexpectedly"; under the guise of friendship he seized Ptolemy Philometer.
he shall do that which his fathers have not done—His predecessors, kings of Syria, had always coveted Egypt, but in vain: he alone made himself master of it.
scatter among them … prey—among his followers (1 Maccabe에1:19).
forecast his devices against … strongholds—He shall form a studied scheme for making himself master of the Egyptian fortresses. He gained them all except Alexandria, which successfully resisted him. Retaining to himself Pelusium, he retired to Judea, where, in revenge for the joy shown by the Jews at the report of his death, which led them to a revolt, he subdued Jerusalem by storm or stratagem.
for a time—His rage shall not be for ever; it is but for a time limited by God. Calvin makes "for a time" in antithesis to "unexpectedly," in the beginning of the verse. He suddenly mastered the weaker cities: he had to "forecast his plans" more gradually ("for a time") as to how to gain the stronger fortresses.
【단11:25 JFB】25. A fuller detail of what was summarily stated (단11:22-24). This is the first of Antiochus' three (단11:29) open invasions of Egypt.
against the king of the south—against Ptolemy Philometer. Subsequently, Ptolemy Physcon (the Gross), or Euergetes II, was made king by the Egyptians, as Ptolemy Philometer was in Antiochus' hands.
great army—as distinguished from the "small people" (단11:23) with which he first came. This was his first open expedition; he was emboldened by success to it. Antiochus "entered Egypt with an overwhelming multitude, with chariots, elephants, and cavalry" (1 Maccabe에1:17).
stirred up—by the necessity, though naturally indolent.
not stand—Philometer was defeated.
they shall forecast, &c.—His own nobles shall frame treacherous "devices" against him (see 단11:26). Eulœus and Lenœus maladministered his affairs. Antiochus, when checked at last at Alexandria, left Ptolemy Philometer at Memphis as king, pretending that his whole object was to support Philometer's claims against the usurper Physcon.
【단11:26 JFB】26. they that feed of … his meat—those from whom he might naturally have looked for help, his intimates and dependents (시41:9; 요13:18); his ministers and guardians.
his army shall overflow—Philometer's army shall be dissipated as water. The phrase is used of overflowing numbers, usually in a victorious sense, but here in the sense of defeat, the very numbers which ordinarily ensure victory, hastening the defeat through mismanagement.
many shall fall down slain—(1 Maccabe에1:18, "many fell wounded to death"). Antiochus, when he might have slain all in the battle near Pelusium, rode around and ordered the enemy to be taken alive, the fruit of which policy was, he soon gained Pelusium and all Egypt [Diodorus Siculus, 26.77].
【단11:27 JFB】27. both … to do mischief—each to the other.
speak lies at one table—They shall, under the semblance of intimacy, at Memphis try to deceive one another (see on 단11:3; 단11:25).
it shall not prosper—Neither of them shall carry his point at this time.
yet the end shall be—"the end" of the contest between them is reserved for "the time appointed" (단11:29, 30).
【단11:28 JFB】28. (1 Maccabe에1:19, 20, &c.).
against the holy covenant—On his way back to Syria, he attacked Jerusalem, the metropolis of Jehovah's covenant-people, slew eighty thousand, took forty thousand prisoners, and sold forty thousand as slaves (2 Maccabe에5:5-14).
he shall do exploits—He shall effect his purpose. Guided by Menelaus, the high priest, he entered the sanctuary with blasphemies, took away the gold and silver vessels, sacrificed swine on the altar, and sprinkled broth of the flesh through the temple (2 Maccabe에5:15-21).
【단11:29 JFB】29. At the time appointed—"the time" spoken of in 단11:27.
return—his second open invasion of Egypt. Ptolemy Philometer, suspecting Antiochus' designs with Physcon, hired mercenaries from Greece. Whereupon Antiochus advanced with a fleet and an army, demanding the cession to him of Cyprus, Pelusium, and the country adjoining the Pelusiac mouth of the Nile.
it shall not be as the former—not successful as the former expedition. Popilius Lœnas, the Roman ambassador, met him at Eleusis, four miles from Alexandria, and presented him the decree of the senate; on Antiochus replying that he would consider what he was to do, Popilius drew a line round him with a rod and said, "I must have a reply to give to the senate before you leave this circle." Antiochus submitted, and retired from Egypt; and his fleets withdrew from Cyprus.
or as the latter—that mentioned in 단11:42, 43 [Tregelles]. Or, making this the third expedition, the sense is "not as the first or as the second" expeditions [Piscator]. Rather "not as the former, so shall be this latter" expedition [Grotius].
【단11:30 JFB】30. ships of Chittim—the Roman ambassadors arriving in Macedonian Grecian vessels (see on 렘2:10). Chittim, properly Cyprian, so called from a Phœnician colony in Cyprus; then the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean in general.
grieved—humbled and dispirited through fear of Rome.
indignation against the holy covenant—Indignant that meantime God's worship had been restored at Jerusalem, he gives vent to his wrath at the check given him by Rome, on the Jews.
intelligence with them that forsake the … covenant—namely, with the apostates in the nation (1 Maccabe에1:11-15). Menelaus and other Jews instigated the king against their religion and country, learning from Greek philosophy that all religions are good enough to keep the masses in check. These had cast off circumcision and the religion of Jehovah for Greek customs. Antiochus, on his way home, sent Apollonius (167 B.C.) with twenty-two thousand to destroy Jerusalem, two years after its capture by himself. Apollonius slew multitudes, dismantled and pillaged the city. They then, from a fortress which they built commanding the temple, fell on and slew the worshippers; so that the temple service was discontinued. Also, Antiochus decreed that all, on pain of death, should conform to the Greek religion, and the temple was consecrated to Jupiter Olympius. Identifying himself with that god, with fanatical haughtiness he wished to make his own worship universal (1 Maccabe에1:41; 2 Maccabe에6:7). This was the gravest peril which ever heretofore threatened revealed religion, the holy people, and the theocracy on earth, for none of the previous world rulers had interfered with the religious worship of the covenant-people, when subject to them (단4:31-34; 6:27, 28; 스1:2, 4; 7:12; 느2:18). Hence arose the need of such a forewarning of the covenant-people as to him—so accurate, that Porphyry, the adversary of revelation, saw it was hopeless to deny its correspondence with history, but argued from its accuracy that it must have been written subsequent to the event. But as Messianic events are foretold in Daniel, the Jews, the adversaries of Jesus, would never have forged the prophecies which confirm His claims. The ninth chapter was to comfort the faithful Jews, in the midst of the "abominations" against "the covenant," with the prospect of Messiah who would "confirm the covenant." He would show by bringing salvation, and yet abolishing sacrifices, that the temple service which they so grieved after, was not absolutely necessary; thus the correspondence of phraseology would suggest comfort (compare 단9:27 with 단11:30, 31).
【단11:31 JFB】31. arms—namely, of the human body; not weapons; human forces.
they—Antiochus' hosts confederate with the apostate Israelites; these latter attain the climax of guilt, when they not only, as before, "forsake the covenant" (단11:30), but "do wickedly against" it (단11:32), turning complete heathens. Here Antiochus' actings are described in language which reach beyond him the type to Antichrist the antitype [Jerome] (just as in 시72:1-20 many things are said of Solomon the type, which are only applicable to Christ the Antitype); including perhaps Rome, Mohammed, and the final personal Antichrist. Sir Isaac Newton refers the rest of the chapter from this verse to the Romans, translating, "after him arms (that is, the Romans) shall stand up"; at the very time that Antiochus left Egypt, the Romans conquered Macedon, thus finishing the reign of Daniel's third beast; so here the prophet naturally proceeds to the fourth beast. Jerome's view is simpler; for the narrative seems to continue the history of Antiochus, though with features only in type applicable to him, fully to Antichrist.
sanctuary of strength—not only naturally a place of strength, whence it held out to the last against the besiegers, but chiefly the spiritual stronghold of the covenant-people (시48:1-3, 12-14). Apollonius "polluted" it with altars to idols and sacrifices of swine's flesh, after having "taken away the daily sacrifice" (see on 단8:11).
place … abomination that maketh desolate—that is, that pollutes the temple (단8:12, 13). Or rather, "the abomination of the desolater," Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Maccabe에1:29, 37-49). Compare 단9:27, wherein the antitypical desolating abomination of Rome (the eagle standard, the bird of Jupiter, sacrificed to by Titus' soldiers within the sacred precincts, at the destruction of Jerusalem), of Mohammed and of the final Antichrist, is foretold. 1 Maccabe에1:54, uses the very phrase, "the fifteenth day of the month Casleu, in the hundred forty-fifth year, they set up the abomination of desolation on the altar"; namely, an idol-altar and image of Jupiter Olympius, erected upon Jehovah's altar of burnt offerings. "Abomination" is the common name for an idol in the Old Testament. The Roman emperor Adrian's erection of a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus where the temple of God had stood, A.D. 132; also the erection of the Mohammedan mosque of Omar in the same place (it is striking, Mohammedanism began to prevail in A.D. 610, only about three years of the time when Popery assumed the temporal power); and the idolatry of the Church of Rome in the spiritual temple, and the final blasphemy of the personal Antichrist in the literal temple (살후2:4) may all be antitypically referred to here under Antiochus the type, and the Old Testament Antichrist.
【단11:32 JFB】32. (1 Maccabe에1:52).
corrupt—seduce to apostasy.
by flatteries—promises of favor.
people that … know their God—the Maccabees and their followers (1 Maccabe에1:62, 63).
【단11:33 JFB】33. they that understand—who know and keep the truth of God (사11:2).
instruct many—in their duty to God and the law, not to apostatize.
yet they shall fall—as Eleazar (2 Maccabe에6:18, &c.). They shall be sorely persecuted, even to death (히11:35, 36, 37; 2 Maccabees 6, 7). Their enemies took advantage of the Sabbath to slay them on the day when they would not fight. Tregelles thinks, from comparison with 단11:35, it is the people who "fall," not those of understanding. But 단11:35 makes the latter "fall," not an unmeaning repetition; in 단11:33 they fall (die) by persecution; in 단11:35 they fall (spiritually) for a time by their own weakness.
flame—in caves, whither they had retired to keep the Sabbath. Antiochus caused some to be roasted alive (2 Maccabe에7:3-5).
many days—rather, "certain days," as in 단8:27. Josephus [Antiquities, 12:7.6,7] tells us the persecution lasted for three years (1 Maccabe에1:59; 4:54; 2 Maccabe에10:1-7).
【단11:34 JFB】34. a little help—The liberty obtained by the Maccabean heroes for the Jews was of but short duration. They soon fell under the Romans and Herodians, and ever since every attempt to free them from Gentile rule has only aggravated their sad lot. The period of the world times (Gentile rule) is the period of depression of the theocracy, extending from the exile to the millennium [Roos]. The more immediate reference seems to be, the forces of Mattathias and his five sons were originally few (1 Maccabe에2:1-5).
many shall cleave to them—as was the case under Judas Maccabeus, who was thus able successfully to resist Antiochus.
with flatteries—Those who had deserted the Jewish cause in persecution, now, when success attended the Jewish arms, joined the Maccabean standard, for example, Joseph, the son of Zecharias, Azarias, &c. (1 Maccabe에5:55-57; 2 Maccabe에12:40; 13:21). Maurer explains it, of those who through fear of the Maccabees' severity against apostates joined them, though ready, if it suited their purpose, to desert them (1 Maccabe에2:44; 3:58).
【단11:35 JFB】35. to try them—the design of affliction. Image from metals tried with fire.
to purge—Even in the elect there are dregs which need to be purged out (벧전1:7). Hence they are allowed to fall for a time; not finally (대하32:31; Lu 22:31). Image from wheat cleared of its chaff by the wind.
make … white—image from cloth (계7:9).
to … time of … end—God will not suffer His people to be persecuted without limitation (고전10:13). The godly are to wait patiently for "the end" of "the time" of trial; "for it is (to last) yet for a time appointed" by God.
【단11:36 JFB】36. The wilful king here, though primarily Antiochus, is antitypically and mainly Antichrist, the seventh head of the seven-headed and ten-horned beast of 계13:1-18, and the "beast" of Armageddon (계16:13, 16; 19:19). Some identify him with the revived French emperorship, the eighth head of the beast (계17:11), who is to usurp the kingly, as the Pope has the priestly, dignity of Christ—the false Messiah of the Jews, who will "plant his tabernacle between the seas in the holy mountain," "exalting himself above every god" (살후2:4; 계13:5, 6). This last clause only in part holds good of Antiochus; for though he assumed divine honors, identifying himself with Jupiter Olympius, yet it was for that god he claimed them; still it applies to him as the type.
speak marvellous things against … God of gods—so 단7:25, as to the "little horn," which seemingly identifies the two (compare 단8:25). Antiochus forbade the worship of Jehovah by a decree "marvellous" for its wickedness: thus he was a type of Antichrist. Compare 단7:8, "a mouth speaking great things."
indignation … accomplished—God's visitation of wrath on the Jews for their sins (단8:19).
that … determined—(단9:26, 27; 10:21).
【단11:37 JFB】37. Neither … regard … the desire of women—(Compare 겔24:16, 18). The wife, as the desire of man's eyes, is the symbol of the tenderest relations (삼하1:26). Antiochus would set at naught even their entreaties that he should cease from his attack on Jehovah's worship [Polanus]. Maurer refers it to Antiochus' attack on the temple of the Syrian Venus, worshipped by women (1 Maccabe에6:1, &c.; 2 Maccabe에1:13). Newton refers it to Rome's "forbidding to marry." Elliott rightly makes the antitypical reference be to Messiah. Jewish women desired to be mothers with a view to Him, the promised seed of the woman (창30:23; Lu 1:25, 28).
nor regard any god—(살후2:4).
【단11:38 JFB】38. God of forces—probably Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom Antiochus began to erect a temple at Antioch [Livy, 41.20]. Translate, "He shall honor the god of fortresses on his basis," that is, the base of the statue. Newton translates, "And the god 'Mahuzzim' (guardians, that is, saints adored as 'protectors' in the Greek and Roman churches) shall he honor."
honour with gold, &c.—Compare 계17:4 as to Antiochus' antitype, Antichrist.
【단11:39 JFB】39.Newton translates, "to be defenders of Mahuzzim (the monks and priests who uphold saint worship), together with the strange god whom he shall acknowledge, he shall multiply honor." English Version is better: He shall do (exploits) in the most strongholds (that is, shall succeed against them) with a strange god (under the auspices of a god which he worshipped not before, namely, Jupiter Capitolinus, whose worship he imported into his empire from Rome). Antiochus succeeded against Jerusalem, Sidon, Pelusium, Memphis.
cause them—Antiochus "caused" his followers and the apostates "to rule over many" Jews, having "divided their land" (Judea), "for gain" (that is, as a reward for their compliance).
【단11:40 JFB】40. The difficulty of reconciling this with Antiochus' history is that no historian but Porphyry mentions an expedition of his into Egypt towards the close of his reign. This 단11:40, therefore, may be a recapitulation summing up the facts of the first expedition to Egypt (171-170 B.C.), in 단11:22, 25; and 단11:41, the former invasion of Judea, in 단11:28; 단11:42, 43, the second and third invasions of Egypt (169 and 168 B.C.) in 단11:23, 24, 29, 30. Auberlen takes rather Porphyry's statement, that Antiochus, in the eleventh year of his reign (166-165 B.C.), invaded Egypt again, and took Palestine on his way. The "tidings" (단11:44) as to the revolt of tributary nations then led him to the East. Porphyry's statement that Antiochus starting from Egypt took Arad in Judah, and devastated all Phœnicia, agrees with 단11:45; then he turned to check Artaxias, king of Armenia. He died in the Persian town Tabes, 164 B.C., as both Polybius and Porphyry agree. Doubtless, antitypically, the final Antichrist, and its predecessor Mohammed, are intended, to whom the language may be more fully applicable than to Antiochus the type. The Saracen Arabs "of the south" "pushed at" the Greek emperor Heraclius, and deprived him of Egypt and Syria. But the Turks of "the north" not merely pushed at, but destroyed the Greek empire; therefore more is said of them than of the Saracens. Their "horsemen" are specified, being their chief strength. Their standards still are horse tails. Their "ships," too, often gained the victory over Venice, the great naval power of Europe in that day. They "overflowed" Western Asia, and then "passed over" into Europe, fixing their seat of empire at Constantinople under Mohammed II [Newton].
【단11:41 JFB】41. Antiochus, according to Porphyry, marching against Ptolemy, though he turned from his course to wreak his wrath on the Jews, did not meddle with Edom, Moab, and Ammon on the side of Judea. In 1 Maccabe에4:61; 5:3; &c., it is stated that he used their help in crushing the Jews, of whom they were the ancient enemies. Compare 사11:14, as to Israel's future retribution, just as the Maccabees made war on them as the friends of Antiochus (1 Maccabe에5:1-68). Antitypically, the Turks under Selim entered Jerusalem on their way to Egypt, and retain "the glorious land" of Palestine to this day. But they never could conquer the Arabs, who are akin to Edom, Moab, and Ammon (창16:12). So in the case of the final Antichrist.
【단11:42 JFB】42, 43. Egypt … Libyans … Ethiopians—The latter two, being the allies of the first, served under Antiochus when he conquered Egypt. Antitypically, Egypt, though it held out long under the Mamelukes, in A.D. 1517 fell under the Turks. Algiers, Tunis, and other parts of Africa, are still under them.
at his steps—following him (출11:8, Margin;유4:10).
【단11:44 JFB】44. tidings out of the east and out of the north—Artaxias, king of Armenia, his vassal, had revolted in the north, and Arsaces, leader of the Parthians, in the east (1 Maccabe에3:10, &c., 1 Maccabe에3:37; Tacitus, Histories, 5.8). In 147 B.C. Antiochus went on the expedition against them, on the return from which he died.
great fury—at the Jews, on account of their successes under Judas Maccabeus, whence he desired to replenish his treasury with means to prosecute the war with them; also at Artaxias and Arsaces, and their respective followers. De Burgh makes the "tidings" which rouse his fury, to be concerning the Jews' restoration; such may be the antitypical reference.
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