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■ 느헤미야 9장
1. 그 달 이십사일에 이스라엘 자손이 다 모여 금식하며 굵은 베를 입고 티끌을 무릅쓰며
Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting , and with sackclothes , and earth upon them.
2. 모든 이방 사람과 절교하고 서서 자기의 죄와 열조의 허물을 자복하고
And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers , and stood and confessed their sins , and the iniquities of their fathers .
3. 이 날에 낮 사분지 일은 그 처소에 서서 그 하나님 여호와의 율법책을 낭독하며 그 하나님 여호와께 경배하는데
And they stood up in their place , and read in the book of the law of the Lord their God one fourth part of the day ; and another fourth part they confessed , and worshipped the Lord their God .
4. 레위 사람 예수아와 바니와 갓미엘과 스바냐와 분니와 세레뱌와 바니와 그나니는 대에 올라서서 큰 소리로 그 하나님 여호와께 부르짖고
Then stood up upon the stairs , of the Levites , Jeshua , and Bani , Kadmiel , Shebaniah , Bunni , Sherebiah , Bani , and Chenani , and cried with a loud voice unto the Lord their God .
5. 또 레위 사람 예수아와 갓미엘과 바니와 하삽느야와 세레뱌와 호다야와 스바냐와 브다히야는 이르기를 너희 무리는 마땅히 일어나 영원부터 영원까지 계신 너희 하나님 여호와를 송축할지어다 주여 주의 영화로운 이름을 송축하올 것은 주의 이름이 존귀하여 모든 송축이나 찬양에서 뛰어남이니이다
Then the Levites , Jeshua , and Kadmiel , Bani , Hashabniah , Sherebiah , Hodijah , Shebaniah , and Pethahiah , said , Stand up and bless the Lord your God for ever and ever : and blessed be thy glorious name , which is exalted above all blessing and praise .
6. 오직 주는 여호와시라 하늘과 하늘들의 하늘과 일월 성신과 땅과 땅 위의 만물과 바다와 그 가운데 모든 것을 지으시고 다 보존하시오니 모든 천군이 주께 경배하나이다
Thou, even thou, art Lord alone; thou hast made heaven , the heaven of heavens , with all their host , the earth , and all things that are therein, the seas , and all that is therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.
7. 주는 하나님 여호와시라 옛적에 아브람을 택하시고 갈대아 우르에서 인도하여 내시고 아브라함이라는 이름을 주시고
Thou art the Lord the God , who didst choose Abram , and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees , and gavest him the name of Abraham ;
8. 그 마음이 주 앞에서 충성됨을 보시고 더불어 언약을 세우사 가나안 족속과 헷 족속과 아모리 족속과 브리스 족속과 여부스 족속과 기르가스 족속의 땅을 그 씨에게 주리라 하시더니 그 말씀대로 이루셨사오니 주는 의로우심이로소이다
And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites , the Hittites , the Amorites , and the Perizzites , and the Jebusites , and the Girgashites , to give it, I say, to his seed , and hast performed thy words ; for thou art righteous :
9. 주께서 우리 열조가 애굽에서 고난 받는 것을 감찰하시며 홍해에서 부르짖음을 들으시고
And didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt , and heardest their cry by the Red sea ;
10. 이적과 기사를 베푸사 바로와 그 모든 신하와 그 나라 온 백성을 치셨사오니 이는 저희가 우리의 열조에게 교만히 행함을 아셨음이라 오늘날과 같이 명예를 얻으셨나이다
And shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh , and on all his servants , and on all the people of his land : for thou knewest that they dealt proudly against them. So didst thou get thee a name , as it is this day .
11. 주께서 또 우리 열조 앞에서 바다를 갈라지게 하시사 저희로 바다 가운데를 육지 같이 통과하게 하시고 쫓아오는 자를 돌을 큰 물에 던짐 같이 깊은 물에 던지시고
And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land ; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps , as a stone into the mighty waters .
12. 낮에는 구름 기둥으로 인도하시고 밤에는 불 기둥으로 그 행할 길을 비취셨사오며
Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar ; and in the night by a pillar of fire , to give them light in the way wherein they should go .
13. 또 시내 산에 강림하시고 하늘에서부터 저희와 말씀하사 정직한 규례와 진정한 율법과 선한 율례와 계명을 저희에게 주시고
Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai , and spakest with them from heaven , and gavest them right judgments , and true laws , good statutes and commandments :
14. 거룩한 안식일을 저희에게 알리시며 주의 종 모세로 계명과 율례와 율법을 저희에게 명하시고
And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath , and commandedst them precepts , statutes , and laws , by the hand of Moses thy servant :
15. 저희의 주림을 인하여 하늘에서 양식을 주시며 저희의 목마름을 인하여 반석에서 물을 내시고 또 주께서 옛적에 손을 들어 맹세하시고 주마 하신 땅을 들어가서 차지하라 명하셨사오나
And gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger , and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst , and promisedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give them.
16. 저희와 우리 열조가 교만히 하고 목을 굳게 하여 주의 명령을 듣지 아니하고
But they and our fathers dealt proudly , and hardened their necks , and hearkened not to thy commandments ,
17. 거역하며 주께서 저희 가운데 행하신 기사를 생각지 아니하고 목을 굳게하며 패역하여 스스로 한 두목을 세우고 종 되었던 땅으로 돌아가고자 하였사오나 오직 주는 사유하시는 하나님이시라 은혜로우시며 긍휼히 여기시며 더디 노하시며 인자가 풍부하시므로 저희를 버리지 아니하셨나이다
And refused to obey , neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks , and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage : but thou art a God ready to pardon , gracious and merciful , slow to anger , and of great kindness , and forsookest them not.
18. 또 저희가 송아지를 부어 만들고 이르기를 이는 곧 너희를 인도하여 애굽에서 나오게 하신 하나님이라 하여 크게 설만하게 하였사오나
Yea, when they had made them a molten calf , and said , This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt , and had wrought great provocations ;
19. 주께서는 연하여 긍휼을 베푸사 저희를 광야에 버리지 아니하시고 낮에는 구름 기둥으로 길을 인도하시며 밤에는 불 기둥으로 그 행할 길을 비취사 떠나게 아니하셨사오며
Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness : the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day , to lead them in the way ; neither the pillar of fire by night , to shew them light , and the way wherein they should go .
20. 또 주의 선한 신을 주사 저희를 가르치시며 주의 만나로 저희 입에 끊어지지 않게 하시고 저희의 목마름을 인하여 물을 주시사
Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth , and gavest them water for their thirst .
21. 사십 년 동안을 들에서 기르시되 결핍함이 없게 하시므로 그 옷이 해어지지 아니하였고 발이 부릍지 아니하였사오며
Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness , so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old , and their feet swelled not.
22. 또 나라들과 족속들을 저희에게 각각 나누어 주시매 저희가 시혼의 땅 곧 헤스본 왕의 땅과 바산 왕 옥의 땅을 차지하였나이다
Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations , and didst divide them into corners : so they possessed the land of Sihon , and the land of the king of Heshbon , and the land of Og king of Bashan .
23. 주께서 그 자손을 하늘의 별 같이 많게 하시고 전에 그 열조에게 명하사 들어가서 차지하라고 하신 땅으로 인도하여 이르게 하셨으므로
Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven , and broughtest them into the land , concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers , that they should go in to possess it.
24. 그 자손이 들어가서 땅을 차지하되 주께서 그 땅 가나안 거민으로 저희 앞에 복종케 하실 때에 가나안 사람과 그 왕들과 본토 여러 족속을 저희 손에 붙여 임의로 행하게 하시매
So the children went in and possessed the land , and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land , the Canaanites , and gavest them into their hands , with their kings , and the people of the land , that they might do with them as they would .
25. 저희가 견고한 성들과 기름진 땅을 취하고 모든 아름다운 물건을 채운 집과 파서 만든 우물과 포도원과 감람원과 허다한 과목을 차지하여 배불리 먹어 살찌고 주의 큰 복을 즐겼사오나
And they took strong cities , and a fat land , and possessed houses full of all goods , wells digged , vineyards , and oliveyards , and fruit trees in abundance : so they did eat , and were filled , and became fat , and delighted themselves in thy great goodness .
26. 저희가 오히려 순종치 아니하고 주를 거역하며 주의 율법을 등 뒤에 두고 주께로 돌아오기를 권면하는 선지자들을 죽여 크게 설만하게 행하였나이다
Nevertheless they were disobedient , and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs , and slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations .
27. 그러므로 주께서 그 대적의 손에 붙이사 곤고를 당하게 하시매 저희가 환난을 당하여 주께 부르짖을 때에 주께서 하늘에서 들으시고 크게 긍휼을 발하사 구원자들을 주어 대적의 손에서 구원하셨거늘
Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies , who vexed them: and in the time of their trouble , when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven ; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours , who saved them out of the hand of their enemies .
28. 저희가 평강을 얻은 후에 다시 주 앞에서 악을 행하므로 주께서 그 대적의 손에 버려 두사 대적에게 제어를 받게 하시다가 저희가 돌이켜서 주께 부르짖으매 주께서 하늘에서 들으시고 여러번 긍휼을 발하사 건져내시고
But after they had rest , they did evil again before thee: therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies , so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned , and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven ; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies ;
29. 다시 주의 율법을 복종하게 하시려고 경계하셨으나 저희가 교만히 행하여 사람이 준행하면 그 가운데서 삶을 얻는 주의 계명을 듣지 아니하며 주의 규례를 범하여 고집하는 어깨를 내어밀며 목을 굳게 하여 듣지 아니하였나이다
And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law : yet they dealt proudly , and hearkened not unto thy commandments , but sinned against thy judgments , (which if a man do , he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder , and hardened their neck , and would not hear .
30. 그러나 주께서 여러 해 동안 용서하시고 또 선지자로 말미암아 주의 신으로 저희를 경계하시되 저희가 듣지 아니하므로 열방 사람의 손에 붙이시고도
Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets : yet would they not give ear : therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands .
31. 주의 긍휼이 크시므로 저희를 아주 멸하지 아니하시며 버리지도 아니하셨사오니 주는 은혜로우시고 긍휼히 여기시는 하나님이심이니이다
Nevertheless for thy great mercies’ sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God .
32. 우리 하나님이여 광대하시고 능하시고 두려우시며 언약과 인자를 지키시는 하나님이여 우리와 우리 열왕과 방백들과 제사장들과 선지자들과 열조와 주의 모든 백성이 앗수르 열왕의 때로부터 오늘날까지 당한바 환난을 이제 작게 여기시지 마옵소서
Now therefore, our God , the great , the mighty , and the terrible God , who keepest covenant and mercy , let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings , on our princes , and on our priests , and on our prophets , and on our fathers , and on all thy people , since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day .
33. 그러나 우리의 당한 모든 일에 주는 공의로우시니 우리는 악을 행하였사오나 주는 진실히 행하셨음이니이다
Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right , but we have done wickedly :
34. 우리 열왕과 방백들과 제사장들과 열조가 주의 율법을 지키지 아니하며 주의 명령과 주의 경계하신 말씀을 순종치 아니하고
Neither have our kings , our princes , our priests , nor our fathers , kept thy law , nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies , wherewith thou didst testify against them.
35. 저희가 그 나라와 주의 베푸신 큰 복과 자기 앞에 주신 넓고 기름진 땅을 누리면서도 주를 섬기지 아니하며 악행을 그치지 아니한고로
For they have not served thee in their kingdom , and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works .
36. 우리가 오늘날 종이 되었삽는데 곧 주께서 우리 열조에게 주사 그 실과를 먹고 그 아름다운 소산을 누리게 하신 땅에서 종이 되었나이다
Behold, we are servants this day , and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it:
37. 우리의 죄로 인하여 주께서 우리 위에 세우신 이방 열왕이 이 땅의 많은 소산을 얻고 저희가 우리의 몸과 육축을 임의로 관할하오니 우리의 곤난이 심하오며
And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins : also they have dominion over our bodies , and over our cattle , at their pleasure , and we are in great distress .
38. 우리가 이 모든 일을 인하여 이제 견고한 언약을 세워 기록하고 우리의 방백들과 레위 사람들과 제사장들이 다 인을 치나이다 하였느니라
And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes , Levites , and priests , seal unto it.
■ 주석 보기
【느9:1 JFB】느9:1-3. A Solemn Fast and Repentance of the People.
1. Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month—that is, on the second day after the close of the feast of tabernacles, which commenced on the fourteenth and terminated on the twenty-second (레23:34-37). The day immediately after that feast, the twenty-third, had been occupied in separating the delinquents from their unlawful wives, as well, perhaps, as in taking steps for keeping aloof in future from unnecessary intercourse with the heathen around them. For although this necessary measure of reformation had been begun formerly by Ezra (스10:1-17), and satisfactorily accomplished at that time (in so far as he had information of the existing abuses, or possessed the power of correcting them) yet it appears that this reformatory work of Ezra had been only partial and imperfect. Many cases of delinquency had escaped, or new defaulters had appeared who had contracted those forbidden alliances; and there was an urgent necessity for Nehemiah again to take vigorous measures for the removal of a social evil which threatened the most disastrous consequences to the character and prosperity of the chosen people. A solemn fast was now observed for the expression of those penitential and sorrowful feelings which the reading of the law had produced, but which had been suppressed during the celebration of the feast; and the sincerity of their repentance was evinced by the decisive steps taken for the correction of existing abuses in the matter of marriage.
【느9:1 CWC】[INTERNAL REGULATIONS]
1. A New Genealogical Record, c. 7.
The need for this assignment of duty to the two men named (v. 2), is not apparent unless Nehemiah contemplated a return to Persia. Later it will be seen that such return took place, but whether at this time or not, is not clear. To "fear God above many." as Hananiah did, is a great commendation. It was customary to open the gates of a city at sunrise, but to do so in this case before the inhabitants were well awake and stirring, might put them at a disadvantage before their enemies (v. 3). The new walls were built on the old foundations, but the city they enclosed did not as yet hold the old population, which explains verse four.
The genealogical record (v. 5) was doubtless that of Zerubbabel's day recorded in the book of Ezra, and if some differences are discovered between this and that, they may be accounted for by the different circumstances in the two cases. The first was prepared at Babylon and this in Judea, with almost a century intervening. Of course a particular object of this record was the purification of the priestly and Levitical line with reference to the temple service.
2. A Spiritual Revival, cc. 8-10.
It was in the seventh month (7:73), at the feast of tabernacles, that the stirring event of this chapter occurred. Ezra is in Jerusalem still, though during Nehemiah's governorship he has not been at the forefront. It may be that his time has been spent in preparing that edition of the Old Testament which has been associated with his name. His great usefulness is seen at this juncture (vv. 1-8). Here is a great open-air meeting, and the Word of God has the place of honor. It is simply read and explained to the people, but as usual with mighty results. Behold the blessing which comes to a people when to a faithful ministry is added a godly ruler (vv. 8-15). Pastors will appreciate a good text for Thanksgiving Day in verse 10. There is nothing which brings such joy to people as a knowledge of God's Word, and nothing that makes them so practically mindful of others.
This feast proves a "protracted meeting" and is followed by a fast and other evidences of repentance (v. 9). Between the morning and evening sacrifices they devoted three hours to the Scriptures and three hours to prayer. Read the prayer carefully, which seems to have been uttered by the Levites on the "stairs," or pulpits, erected for the purpose, in the open. Perhaps we have here only the substance of the prayers, or it may be that Ezra prepared a general prayer for all to use. Notice the pathos of verses 36 and 37, and the covenant in which the proceeding ended (v. 38 and 10:1-39).
The points of this covenant are interesting. They bind themselves to abstain from heathen marriages (v. 30), to observe the Sabbath, to give the land its seventh year rest, and remit debts in that year (v. 31), maintain the temple service and support the priests (vv. 32-39).
3. A Patriotic Precaution, cc. 11, 12.
This measure (vv. 1, 2) was necessary to insure a proper guard for the capital. And as it involved danger and self-sacrifice on the part of the drafted ones they merited the public gratitude. Their names follow, and include the "Nethinim," a designation difficult to determine, but supposed to mean the descendants of the Gibeonites of Joshua's time, who were constrained to be hewers of wood and drawers of water. In any event they were men of humble rank in the service of the sanctuary. Various editorial comments occur in this chapter whose elucidation, in the lapse of time, is not easy. Some of these are the "second over the city" (v. 9), "ruler of the house of God" (v. 11), "the outward business" (v. 16), "the principal to begin," etc. (v. 17), referring in general terms to assistants of the priests, collectors of provisions, leaders of the choirs, etc.
We may include in this division the dedication of the wall (12:27-47), in which the leaders, accompanied by the singers and people from all parts of the land marched around it, pausing at different points for praise and prayer, and the presentation of sacrifices. Some idea of the religious hilarity of the occasion may be gathered from verse 43. The explanation of verse 45 seems to be that the officials named saw that no persons ceremonially unclean entered the temple. This was the duty of the porters ordinarily (대하23:19), but on special occasions singers were called on to assist.
4. A Moral House-Cleaning, c. 13.
Nehemiah has reported at the Persian court and again, after an unknown period, returned to Jerusalem (v. 6), and finding there great laxity in regard to the temple service. Sabbath observance, and heathen marriages, all of which he vigorously reforms. Eliashib's offense is the more reprehensible because of his sacred office (vv. 4, 5) -- turning the house of God into a palace for the entertainment of his heathen relatives. It was to be expected that such conduct of the high priest would affect the people as shown in the verses following (10-14). When, however, the worship of God is neglected, his laws are generally dishonored (vv. 15-18). Note Nehemiah's decisive action in this case (vv. 19-22), and the pattern is affords for modern executives. There is this difference, however, that Nehemiah was an official over a people who had a fear of God in their hearts. Our executives serve a democracy where the people themselves are esteemed as the highest authority. "How far will the people sustain us?" is the question before their eyes in the performance of duty, and the execution of the laws. No wonder that their actions are often marked by timidity and insincerity. It will be only in the millennial age, which may God hasten, that conditions will produce and maintain governors of Nehemiah's type. Verse 25 shows that he was not influenced by the sentimentalism of these times to substitute reformatory measures in the place of punishment for wrong-doing.
【느9:1 MHCC】The word will direct and quicken prayer, for by it the Spirit helps our infirmities in prayer. The careful study of God's word will more and more discover to us our own sinfulness, and the plenteousness of his salvation; thus it calls us to mourn for sin, and to rejoice in him. Every discovery of the truth of God, should render us more unwearied in attendance on his sacred word, and on his worship.
【느9:2 JFB】2. confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers—Not only did they read in their recent sufferings a punishment of the national apostasy and guilt, but they had made themselves partakers of their fathers' sins by following the same evil ways.
【느9:3 JFB】3. they … read in the book of the law—Their extraordinary zeal led them to continue this as before.
one fourth part of the day—that is, for three hours, twelve hours being the acknowledged length of the Jewish day (요11:9). This solemn diet of worship, which probably commenced at the morning sacrifice, was continued for six hours, that is, till the time of the evening sacrifice. The worship which they gave to the Lord their God, at this season of solemn national humiliation, consisted in acknowledging and adoring His great mercy in the forgiveness of their great and multiplied offenses, in delivering them from the merited judgments which they had already experienced or which they had reason to apprehend, in continuing amongst them the light and blessings of His word and worship, and in supplicating the extension of His grace and protection.
【느9:4 JFB】느9:4-38. The Levites Confess God's Manifold Goodness, and Their Own Wickedness.
4. Then stood up upon the stairs—the scaffolds or pulpits, whence the Levites usually addressed the people. There were probably several placed at convenient distances, to prevent confusion and the voice of one drowning those of the others.
cried with a loud voice unto the Lord—Such an exertion, of course, was indispensably necessary, in order that the speakers might be heard by the vast multitude congregated in the open air. But these speakers were then engaged in expressing their deep sense of sin, as well as fervently imploring the forgiving mercy of God; and "crying with a loud voice" was a natural accompaniment of this extraordinary prayer meeting, as violent gestures and vehement tones are always the way in which the Jews, and other people in the East, have been accustomed to give utterance to deep and earnest feelings.
【느9:4 MHCC】The summary of their prayers we have here upon record. Much more, no doubt, was said. Whatever ability we have to do any thing in the way of duty, we are to serve and glorify God according to the utmost of it. When confessing our sins, it is good to notice the mercies of God, that we may be the more humbled and ashamed. The dealings of the Lord showed his goodness and long-suffering, and the hardness of their hearts. The testimony of the prophets was the testimony of the Spirit in the prophets, and it was the Spirit of Christ in them. They spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and what they said is to be received accordingly. The result was, wonder at the Lord's mercies, and the feeling that sin had brought them to their present state, from which nothing but unmerited love could rescue them. And is not their conduct a specimen of human nature? Let us study the history of our land, and our own history. Let us recollect our advantages from childhood, and ask what were our first returns? Let us frequently do so, that we may be kept humble, thankful, and watchful. Let all remember that pride and obstinacy are sins which ruin the soul. But it is often as hard to persuade the broken-hearted to hope, as formerly it was to bring them to fear. Is this thy case? Behold this sweet promise, A God ready to pardon! Instead of keeping away from God under a sense of unworthiness, let us come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. He is a God ready to pardon.
【느9:5 JFB】5. Then the Levites … said, Stand up and bless the Lord your God—If this prayer was uttered by all these Levites in common, it must have been prepared and adopted beforehand, perhaps, by Ezra; but it may only embody the substance of the confession and thanksgiving.
【느9:6 JFB】6-38. Thou, even thou, art Lord alone, &c.—In this solemn and impressive prayer, in which they make public confession of their sins, and deprecate the judgments due to the transgressions of their fathers, they begin with a profound adoration of God, whose supreme majesty and omnipotence is acknowledged in the creation, preservation, and government of all. Then they proceed to enumerate His mercies and distinguished favors to them as a nation, from the period of the call of their great ancestor and the gracious promise intimated to him in the divinely bestowed name of Abraham, a promise which implied that he was to be the Father of the faithful, the ancestor of the Messiah, and the honored individual in whose seed all the families of the earth should be blessed. Tracing in full and minute detail the signal instances of divine interposition for their deliverance and their interest—in their deliverance from Egyptian bondage—their miraculous passage through the Red Sea—the promulgation of His law—the forbearance and long-suffering shown them amid their frequent rebellions—the signal triumphs given them over their enemies—their happy settlement in the promised land—and all the extraordinary blessings, both in the form of temporal prosperity and of religious privilege, with which His paternal goodness had favored them above all other people, they charge themselves with making a miserable requital. They confess their numerous and determined acts of disobedience. They read, in the loss of their national independence and their long captivity, the severe punishment of their sins. They acknowledge that, in all heavy and continued judgments upon their nation, God had done right, but they had done wickedly. And in throwing themselves on His mercy, they express their purpose of entering into a national covenant, by which they pledge themselves to dutiful obedience in future.
【느9:22 JFB】22. Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations—that is, put them in possession of a rich country, of an extensive territory, which had been once occupied by a variety of princes and people.
and didst divide them into corners—that is, into tribes. The propriety of the expression arose from the various districts touching at points or angles on each other.
the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon—Heshbon being the capital city, the passage should run thus: "the land of Sihon or the land of the king of Heshbon."
【느9:32 JFB】32. Now therefore, our God … who keepest covenant and mercy—God's fidelity to His covenant is prominently acknowledged, and well it might; for their whole national history bore testimony to it. But as this could afford them little ground of comfort or of hope while they were so painfully conscious of having violated it, they were driven to seek refuge in the riches of divine grace; and hence the peculiar style of invocation here adopted: "Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy."
【느9:36 JFB】36. Behold, we are servants this day—Notwithstanding their happy restoration to their native land, they were still tributaries of a foreign prince whose officers ruled them. They were not, like their fathers, free tenants of the land which God gave them.
【느9:37 JFB】37. it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins—Our agricultural labors have been resumed in the land—we plough, and sow, and till, and Thou blessest the work of our hands with a plentiful return; but this increase is not for ourselves, as once it was, but for our foreign masters, to whom we have to pay large and oppressive tribute.
they have dominion over our bodies—Their persons were liable to be pressed, at the mandate of their Assyrian conqueror, into the service of his empire, either in war or in public works. And our beasts are taken to do their pleasure.
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