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■ 느헤미야 8장
1. 이스라엘 자손이 그 본성에 거하였더니 칠월에 이르러는 모든 백성이 일제히 수문 앞 광장에 모여 학사 에스라에게 여호와께서 이스라엘에게 명하신 모세의 율법책을 가지고 오기를 청하매
And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into the street that was before the water gate ; and they spake unto Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses , which the Lord had commanded to Israel .
2. 칠월 일일에 제사장 에스라가 율법책을 가지고 남자, 여자 무릇 알아 들을만한 회중 앞에 이르러
And Ezra the priest brought the law before the congregation both of men and women , and all that could hear with understanding , upon the first day of the seventh month .
3. 수문 앞 광장에서 새벽부터 오정까지 남자, 여자 무릇 알아 들을만한 자의 앞에서 읽으매 뭇백성이 그 율법책에 귀를 기울였는데
And he read therein before the street that was before the water gate from the morning until midday , before the men and the women , and those that could understand ; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the law .
4. 때에 학사 에스라가 특별히 지은 나무 강단에 서매 그 우편에 선 자는 맛디댜와 스마와 아나야와 우리야와 힐기야와 마아세야요 그 좌편에 선 자는 브다야와 미사엘과 말기야와 하숨과 하스밧다나와 스가랴와 므술람이라
And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood , which they had made for the purpose ; and beside him stood Mattithiah , and Shema , and Anaiah , and Urijah , and Hilkiah , and Maaseiah , on his right hand ; and on his left hand , Pedaiah , and Mishael , and Malchiah , and Hashum , and Hashbadana , Zechariah , and Meshullam .
5. 학사 에스라가 모든 백성 위에 서서 저희 목전에 책을 펴니 책을 펼 때에 모든 백성이 일어서니라
And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people ; (for he was above all the people ;) and when he opened it, all the people stood up :
6. 에스라가 광대하신 하나님 여호와를 송축하매 모든 백성이 손을 들고 아멘 아멘 응답하고 몸을 굽혀 얼굴을 땅에 대고 여호와께 경배하였느니라
And Ezra blessed the Lord , the great God . And all the people answered , Amen , Amen , with lifting up their hands : and they bowed their heads, and worshipped the Lord with their faces to the ground .
7. 예수아와 바니와 세레뱌와 야민과 악굽과 사브대와 호디야와 마아세야와 그리다와 아사랴와 요사밧과 하난과 블라야와 레위 사람들이 다 그 처소에 섰는 백성에게 율법을 깨닫게 하는데
Also Jeshua , and Bani , and Sherebiah , Jamin , Akkub , Shabbethai , Hodijah , Maaseiah , Kelita , Azariah , Jozabad , Hanan , Pelaiah , and the Levites , caused the people to understand the law : and the people stood in their place .
8. 하나님의 율법책을 낭독하고 그 뜻을 해석하여 백성으로 그 낭독하는 것을 다 깨닫게 하매
So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly , and gave the sense , and caused them to understand the reading .
9. 백성이 율법의 말씀을 듣고 다 우는지라 총독 느헤미야와 제사장 겸 학사 에스라와 백성을 가르치는 레위 사람들이 모든 백성에게 이르기를 오늘은 너희 하나님 여호와의 성일이니 슬퍼하지 말며 울지 말라 하고
And Nehemiah , which is the Tirshatha , and Ezra the priest the scribe , and the Levites that taught the people , said unto all the people , This day is holy unto the Lord your God ; mourn not, nor weep . For all the people wept , when they heard the words of the law .
10. 느헤미야가 또 이르기를 너희는 가서 살찐 것을 먹고 단 것을 마시되 예비치 못한 자에게는 너희가 나누어 주라 이 날은 우리 주의 성일이니 근심하지 말라 여호와를 기뻐하는 것이 너희의 힘이니라 하고
Then he said unto them, Go your way , eat the fat , and drink the sweet , and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared : for this day is holy unto our Lord : neither be ye sorry ; for the joy of the Lord is your strength .
11. 레위 사람들도 모든 백성을 정숙케하여 이르기를 오늘은 성일이니 마땅히 종용하고 근심하지 말라 하매
So the Levites stilled all the people , saying , Hold your peace , for the day is holy ; neither be ye grieved .
12. 모든 백성이 곧 가서 먹고 마시며 나누어 주고 크게 즐거워하였으니 이는 그 읽어 들린 말을 밝히 앎이니라
And all the people went their way to eat , and to drink , and to send portions , and to make great mirth , because they had understood the words that were declared unto them.
13. 그 이튿날 뭇백성의 족장들과 제사장들과 레위 사람들이 율법의 말씀을 밝히 알고자 하여 학사 에스라의 곳에 모여서
And on the second day were gathered together the chief of the fathers of all the people , the priests , and the Levites , unto Ezra the scribe , even to understand the words of the law .
14. 율법책을 본즉 여호와께서 모세로 명하시기를 이스라엘 자손은 칠월 절기에 초막에 거할지니라 하였고
And they found written in the law which the Lord had commanded by Moses , that the children of Israel should dwell in booths in the feast of the seventh month :
15. 또 일렀으되 모든 성읍과 예루살렘에 공포하여 이르기를 너희는 산에 가서 감람나무 가지와 들 감람나무 가지와 화석류나무 가지와 종려나무 가지와 기타 무성한 나무 가지를 취하여 기록한 바를 따라 초막을 지으라 하라 하였는지라
And that they should publish and proclaim in all their cities , and in Jerusalem , saying , Go forth unto the mount , and fetch olive branches , and pine branches , and myrtle branches , and palm branches , and branches of thick trees , to make booths , as it is written .
16. 백성이 이에 나가서 나무 가지를 취하여 혹은 지붕 위에, 혹은 뜰안에, 혹은 하나님의 전 뜰에, 혹은 수문 광장에, 혹은 에브라임 문 광장에 초막을 짓되
So the people went forth , and brought them, and made themselves booths , every one upon the roof of his house , and in their courts , and in the courts of the house of God , and in the street of the water gate , and in the street of the gate of Ephraim .
17. 사로잡혔다가 돌아온 회 무리가 다 초막을 짓고 그 안에 거하니 눈의 아들 여호수아 때로부터 그 날까지 이스라엘 자손이 이같이 행함이 없었으므로 이에 크게 즐거워하며
And all the congregation of them that were come again out of the captivity made booths , and sat under the booths : for since the days of Jeshua the son of Nun unto that day had not the children of Israel done so . And there was very great gladness .
18. 에스라는 첫날부터 끝날까지 날마다 하나님의 율법책을 낭독하고 무리가 칠 일 동안 절기를 지키고 제팔일에 규례를 따라 성회를 열었느니라
Also day by day , from the first day unto the last day , he read in the book of the law of God . And they kept the feast seven days ; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly , according unto the manner .
■ 주석 보기
【느8:1 JFB】느8:1-8. Religious Manner of Reading and Hearing the Law.
1. all the people gathered themselves together as one man—The occasion was the celebration of the feast of the seventh month (느7:73). The beginning of every month was ushered in as a sacred festival; but this, the commencement of the seventh month, was kept with distinguished honor as "the feast of trumpets," which extended over two days. It was the first day of the seventh ecclesiastical year, and the new year's day of the Jewish civil year, on which account it was held as "a great day." The place where the general concourse of people was held was "at the water gate," on the south rampart. Through that gate the Nethinims or Gibeonites brought water into the temple, and there was a spacious area in front of it.
they spake unto Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses—He had come to Jerusalem twelve or thirteen years previous to Nehemiah. He either remained there or had returned to Babylon in obedience to the royal order, and for the discharge of important duties. He had returned along with Nehemiah, but in a subordinate capacity. From the time of Nehemiah's appointment to the dignity of tirshatha, Ezra had retired into private life. Although cordially and zealously co-operating with the former patriot in his important measures of reform, the pious priest had devoted his time and attention principally toward producing a complete edition of the canonical Scriptures. The public reading of the Scriptures was required by the law to be made every seventh year; but during the long period of the captivity this excellent practice, with many others, had fallen into neglect, till revived, on this occasion. That there was a strong and general desire among the returned exiles in Jerusalem to hear the word of God read to them indicates a greatly improved tone of religious feeling.
【느8:1 CWC】[INTERNAL REGULATIONS]
1. A New Genealogical Record, c. 7.
The need for this assignment of duty to the two men named (v. 2), is not apparent unless Nehemiah contemplated a return to Persia. Later it will be seen that such return took place, but whether at this time or not, is not clear. To "fear God above many." as Hananiah did, is a great commendation. It was customary to open the gates of a city at sunrise, but to do so in this case before the inhabitants were well awake and stirring, might put them at a disadvantage before their enemies (v. 3). The new walls were built on the old foundations, but the city they enclosed did not as yet hold the old population, which explains verse four.
The genealogical record (v. 5) was doubtless that of Zerubbabel's day recorded in the book of Ezra, and if some differences are discovered between this and that, they may be accounted for by the different circumstances in the two cases. The first was prepared at Babylon and this in Judea, with almost a century intervening. Of course a particular object of this record was the purification of the priestly and Levitical line with reference to the temple service.
2. A Spiritual Revival, cc. 8-10.
It was in the seventh month (7:73), at the feast of tabernacles, that the stirring event of this chapter occurred. Ezra is in Jerusalem still, though during Nehemiah's governorship he has not been at the forefront. It may be that his time has been spent in preparing that edition of the Old Testament which has been associated with his name. His great usefulness is seen at this juncture (vv. 1-8). Here is a great open-air meeting, and the Word of God has the place of honor. It is simply read and explained to the people, but as usual with mighty results. Behold the blessing which comes to a people when to a faithful ministry is added a godly ruler (vv. 8-15). Pastors will appreciate a good text for Thanksgiving Day in verse 10. There is nothing which brings such joy to people as a knowledge of God's Word, and nothing that makes them so practically mindful of others.
This feast proves a "protracted meeting" and is followed by a fast and other evidences of repentance (v. 9). Between the morning and evening sacrifices they devoted three hours to the Scriptures and three hours to prayer. Read the prayer carefully, which seems to have been uttered by the Levites on the "stairs," or pulpits, erected for the purpose, in the open. Perhaps we have here only the substance of the prayers, or it may be that Ezra prepared a general prayer for all to use. Notice the pathos of verses 36 and 37, and the covenant in which the proceeding ended (v. 38 and 10:1-39).
The points of this covenant are interesting. They bind themselves to abstain from heathen marriages (v. 30), to observe the Sabbath, to give the land its seventh year rest, and remit debts in that year (v. 31), maintain the temple service and support the priests (vv. 32-39).
3. A Patriotic Precaution, cc. 11, 12.
This measure (vv. 1, 2) was necessary to insure a proper guard for the capital. And as it involved danger and self-sacrifice on the part of the drafted ones they merited the public gratitude. Their names follow, and include the "Nethinim," a designation difficult to determine, but supposed to mean the descendants of the Gibeonites of Joshua's time, who were constrained to be hewers of wood and drawers of water. In any event they were men of humble rank in the service of the sanctuary. Various editorial comments occur in this chapter whose elucidation, in the lapse of time, is not easy. Some of these are the "second over the city" (v. 9), "ruler of the house of God" (v. 11), "the outward business" (v. 16), "the principal to begin," etc. (v. 17), referring in general terms to assistants of the priests, collectors of provisions, leaders of the choirs, etc.
We may include in this division the dedication of the wall (12:27-47), in which the leaders, accompanied by the singers and people from all parts of the land marched around it, pausing at different points for praise and prayer, and the presentation of sacrifices. Some idea of the religious hilarity of the occasion may be gathered from verse 43. The explanation of verse 45 seems to be that the officials named saw that no persons ceremonially unclean entered the temple. This was the duty of the porters ordinarily (대하23:19), but on special occasions singers were called on to assist.
4. A Moral House-Cleaning, c. 13.
Nehemiah has reported at the Persian court and again, after an unknown period, returned to Jerusalem (v. 6), and finding there great laxity in regard to the temple service. Sabbath observance, and heathen marriages, all of which he vigorously reforms. Eliashib's offense is the more reprehensible because of his sacred office (vv. 4, 5) -- turning the house of God into a palace for the entertainment of his heathen relatives. It was to be expected that such conduct of the high priest would affect the people as shown in the verses following (10-14). When, however, the worship of God is neglected, his laws are generally dishonored (vv. 15-18). Note Nehemiah's decisive action in this case (vv. 19-22), and the pattern is affords for modern executives. There is this difference, however, that Nehemiah was an official over a people who had a fear of God in their hearts. Our executives serve a democracy where the people themselves are esteemed as the highest authority. "How far will the people sustain us?" is the question before their eyes in the performance of duty, and the execution of the laws. No wonder that their actions are often marked by timidity and insincerity. It will be only in the millennial age, which may God hasten, that conditions will produce and maintain governors of Nehemiah's type. Verse 25 shows that he was not influenced by the sentimentalism of these times to substitute reformatory measures in the place of punishment for wrong-doing.
【느8:1 MHCC】Sacrifices were to be offered only at the door of the temple; but praying and preaching were, and are, services of religion, as acceptably performed in one place as in another. Masters of families should bring their families with them to the public worship of God. Women and children have souls to save, and are therefore to acquaint themselves with the word of God, and to attend on the means of grace. Little ones, as they come to reason, must be trained up in religion. Ministers when they go to the pulpit, should take their Bibles with them; Ezra did so. Thence they must fetch their knowledge; according to that rule they must speak, and must show that they do so. Reading the Scriptures in religious assemblies is an ordinance of God, whereby he is honoured, and his church edified. Those who hear the word, should understand it, else it is to them but an empty sound of words. It is therefore required of teachers that they explain the word, and give the sense of it. Reading is good, and preaching is good, but expounding makes reading the better understood, and preaching the more convincing. It has pleased God in almost every age of the church to raise up, not only those who have preached the gospel, but also those who have given their views of Divine truth in writing; and though many who have attempted to explain Scripture, have darkened counsel by words without knowledge, yet the labours of others are of excellent use. All that we hear must, however, be brought to the test of Scripture. They heard readily, and minded every word. The word of God demands attention. If through carelessness we let much slip in hearing, there is danger that through forgetfulness we shall let all slip after hearing.
【느8:4 JFB】4. Ezra … stood upon a pulpit of wood—Not made in the form known to us, but only a raised scaffold or platform, broad enough to allow fourteen persons to stand with ease upon it. Ezra's duty was very laborious, as he continued reading aloud from morning until midday, but his labor was lightened by the aid of the other priests present. Their presence was of importance, partly to show their cordial agreement with Ezra's declaration of divine truth; and partly to take their share with him in the important duty of publicly reading and expounding the Scripture.
【느8:5 JFB】5. when he opened it, all the people stood up—This attitude they assumed either from respect to God's word, or, rather, because the reading was prefaced by a solemn prayer, which was concluded by a general expression of "Amen, Amen."
【느8:7 JFB】7, 8. caused the people to understand the law … gave the sense—Commentators are divided in opinion as to the import of this statement. Some think that Ezra read the law in pure Hebrew, while the Levites, who assisted him, translated it sentence by sentence into Chaldee, the vernacular dialect which the exiles spoke in Babylon. Others maintain that the duty of these Levites consisted in explaining to the people, many of whom had become very ignorant, what Ezra had read.
【느8:9 JFB】느8:9-15. The People Comforted.
9, 10. This day is holy unto the Lord … mourn not, nor weep—A deep sense of their national sins, impressively brought to their remembrance by the reading of the law and its denunciations, affected the hearts of the people with penitential sorrow. But notwithstanding the painful remembrances of their national sins which the reading of the law awakened, the people were exhorted to cherish the feelings of joy and thankfulness associated with a sacred festival (see on 레23:24). By sending portions of it to their poorer brethren (신16:11, 14; 에9:19), they would also enable them to participate in the public rejoicings.
【느8:9 MHCC】It was a good sign that their hearts were tender, when they heard the words of the law. The people were to send portions to those for whom nothing was prepared. It is the duty of a religious feast, as well as of a religious fast, to draw out the soul to the hungry; God's bounty should make us bountiful. We must not only give to those that offer themselves, but send to those out of sight. Their strength consisted in joy in the Lord. The better we understand God's word, the more comfort we find in it; the darkness of trouble arises from the darkness of ignorance.
【느8:13 MHCC】They found written in the law about the feast of tabernacles. Those who diligently search the Scriptures, find things written there which they have forgotten. This feast of tabernacles was a representation of the believer's tabernacle state in this world, and a type of the holy joy of the gospel church. The conversion of the nations to the faith of Christ, is foretold under the figure of this feast, Z전14:16. True religion will render us strangers and pilgrims upon earth. We read and hear the word acceptably and profitably, when we do according to what is written therein; when what appears to be our duty is revived, after it has been neglected. They minded the substance; else the ceremony had been of no use. They did it, rejoicing in God and his goodness. These are the means which the Spirit of God crowns with success, in bringing the hearts of sinners to tremble and to become humbled before God. But those are enemies to their own growth in holiness, who always indulge sorrow, even for sin, and put away from them the consolations tendered by the word and Spirit of God.
【느8:16 JFB】느8:16-18. They Keep the Feast of Tabernacles.
16. the people went forth, and brought … and made themselves booths, &c.—(See on 레23:34; 신16:13).
【느8:17 JFB】17. since the days of Jeshua … had not the children of Israel done so—This national feast had not been neglected for so protracted a period. Besides that it is impossible that such a flagrant disregard of the law could have been tolerated by Samuel, David, and other pious rulers, its observance is sufficiently indicated (왕상8:2, 65; 대하7:9) and expressly recorded (스3:4). But the meaning is, that the popular feelings had never been raised to such a height of enthusiastic joy since the time of their entrance into Canaan, as now on their return after a long and painful captivity.
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