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■ 느헤미야 5장
1. 때에 백성이 그 아내와 함께 크게 부르짖어 그 형제 유다 사람을 원망하는데
And there was a great cry of the people and of their wives against their brethren the Jews .
2. 혹은 말하기를 우리와 우리 자녀가 많으니 곡식을 얻어 먹고 살아야 하겠다 하고
For there were that said , We, our sons , and our daughters , are many : therefore we take up corn for them, that we may eat , and live .
3. 혹은 말하기를 우리의 밭과 포도원과 집이라도 전당 잡히고 이 흉년을 위하여 곡식을 얻자 하고
Some also there were that said , We have mortgaged our lands , vineyards , and houses , that we might buy corn , because of the dearth .
4. 혹은 말하기를 우리는 밭과 포도원으로 돈을 빚내어 세금을 바쳤도다
There were also that said , We have borrowed money for the king’s tribute , and that upon our lands and vineyards .
5. 우리 육체도 우리 형제의 육체와 같고 우리 자녀도 저희 자녀 같거늘 이제 우리 자녀를 종으로 파는도다 우리 딸 중에 벌써 종된 자가 있으나 우리의 밭과 포도원이 이미 남의 것이 되었으니 속량할 힘이 없도다
Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren , our children as their children : and, lo, we bring into bondage our sons and our daughters to be servants , and some of our daughters are brought unto bondage already: neither is it in our power to redeem them; for other men have our lands and vineyards .
6. 내가 백성의 부르짖음과 이런 말을 듣고 크게 노하여
And I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words .
7. 중심에 계획하고 귀인과 민장을 꾸짖어 이르기를 너희가 각기 형제에게 취리를 하는도다 하고 대회를 열고 저희를 쳐서
Then I consulted with myself , and I rebuked the nobles , and the rulers , and said unto them, Ye exact usury , every one of his brother . And I set a great assembly against them.
8. 이르기를 우리는 이방인의 손에 팔린 우리 형제 유다 사람들을 우리의 힘을 다하여 속량하였거늘 너희는 너희 형제를 팔고자 하느냐 더구나 우리의 손에 팔리게 하겠느냐 하매 저희가 잠잠하여 말이 없기로
And I said unto them, We after our ability have redeemed our brethren the Jews , which were sold unto the heathen ; and will ye even sell your brethren ? or shall they be sold unto us? Then held they their peace , and found nothing to answer.
9. 내가 또 이르기를 너희의 소위가 좋지 못하도다 우리 대적 이방 사람의 비방을 생각하고 우리 하나님을 경외함에 행할 것이 아니냐
Also I said , It is not good that ye do : ought ye not to walk in the fear of our God because of the reproach of the heathen our enemies ?
10. 나와 내 형제와 종자들도 역시 돈과 곡식을 백성에게 취하여 주나니 우리가 그 이식 받기를 그치자
I likewise, and my brethren , and my servants , might exact of them money and corn : I pray you, let us leave off this usury .
11. 그런즉 너희는 오늘이라도 그 밭과 포도원과 감람원과 집이며 취한 바 돈이나 곡식이나 새 포도주나 기름의 백분지 일을 돌려 보내라 하였더니
Restore , I pray you, to them, even this day , their lands , their vineyards , their oliveyards , and their houses , also the hundredth part of the money , and of the corn , the wine , and the oil , that ye exact of them.
12. 저희가 말하기를 우리가 당신의 말씀대로 행하여 돌려 보내고 아무 것도 요구하지 아니하리이다 하기로 내가 제사장들을 불러 저희에게 그 말대로 행하리라는 맹세를 시키게 하고
Then said they, We will restore them, and will require nothing of them; so will we do as thou sayest . Then I called the priests , and took an oath of them, that they should do according to this promise .
13. 내가 옷자락을 떨치며 이르기를 이 말대로 행치 아니하는 자는 하나님이 또한 이와 같이 그 집과 산업에서 떨치실지니 저는 곧 이렇게 떨쳐져 빌지로다 하매 회중이 다 아멘 하고 여호와를 찬송하고 백성들이 그 말한 대로 행하였느니라
Also I shook my lap , and said , So God shake out every man from his house , and from his labour , that performeth not this promise , even thus be he shaken out , and emptied . And all the congregation said , Amen , and praised the Lord . And the people did according to this promise .
14. 내가 유다 땅 총독으로 세움을 받을 때 곧 아닥사스다 왕 이십 년부터 삼십이 년까지 십이 년 동안은 나와 내 형제가 총독의 녹을 먹지 아니하였느니라
Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah , from the twentieth year even unto the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king , that is, twelve years , I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor .
15. 이전 총독들은 백성에게 토색하여 양식과 포도주와 또 은 사십 세겔을 취하였고 그 종자들도 백성을 압제하였으나 나는 하나님을 경외하므로 이같이 행치 아니하고
But the former governors that had been before me were chargeable unto the people , and had taken of them bread and wine , beside forty shekels of silver ; yea, even their servants bare rule over the people : but so did not I, because of the fear of God .
16. 도리어 이 성 역사에 힘을 다하며 땅을 사지 아니하였고 나의 모든 종자도 모여서 역사를 하였으며
Yea, also I continued in the work of this wall , neither bought we any land : and all my servants were gathered thither unto the work .
17. 또 내 상에는 유다 사람들과 민장들 일백오십 인이 있고 그 외에도 우리 사면 이방인 중에서 우리에게 나아온 자들이 있었는데
Moreover there were at my table an hundred and fifty of the Jews and rulers , beside those that came unto us from among the heathen that are about us .
18. 매일 나를 위하여 소 하나와 살진 양 여섯을 준비하며 닭도 많이 준비하고 열흘에 한 번씩은 각종 포도주를 갖추었나니 비록 이같이 하였을지라도 내가 총독의 녹을 요구하지 아니하였음은 백성의 부역이 중함이니라
Now that which was prepared for me daily was one ox and six choice sheep ; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine : yet for all this required not I the bread of the governor , because the bondage was heavy upon this people .
19. 내 하나님이여 내가 이 백성을 위하여 행한 모든 일을 생각하시고 내게 은혜를 베푸시옵소서
Think upon me, my God , for good , according to all that I have done for this people .
■ 주석 보기
【느5:1 JFB】느5:1-5. The People Complain of Their Debt, Mortgage, and Bondage.
1-5. there was a great cry of the people … against their brethren—Such a crisis in the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem—fatigued with hard labor and harassed by the machinations of restless enemies, the majority of them poor, and the bright visions which hope had painted of pure happiness on their return to the land of their fathers being unrealized—must have been very trying to their faith and patience. But, in addition to these vexatious oppressions, many began to sink under a new and more grievous evil. The poor made loud complaints against the rich for taking advantage of their necessities, and grinding them by usurious exactions. Many of them had, in consequence of these oppressions, been driven to such extremities that they had to mortgage their lands and houses to enable them to pay the taxes to the Persian government, and ultimately even to sell their children for slaves to procure the means of subsistence. The condition of the poorer inhabitants was indeed deplorable; for, besides the deficient harvests caused by the great rains (스10:9; also 학1:6-11), a dearth was now threatened by the enemy keeping such a multitude pent up in the city, and preventing the country people bringing in provisions.
【느5:1 CWC】[BUILDING THE WALLS]
1. Prayer and Its Answer, cc. 1-2:8.
In this book it is to be kept in mind that the previous commissions to Zerubbabel and Ezra concerned only the repair of the temple at Jerusalem, and certain internal arrangements for the moral and material well-being of the people in their home towns. The walls and gates of the city, however, were still in the ruined condition in which they were left by Nebuchadnezzar after the siege. The consequences of this were detrimental to the people's peace, for such protection was practically their only defence against assaulting enemies.
Chislev was an early winter month. Shushan was the winter, as Ecbatana was the summer palace, of the Persian monarchs. Hanani may have been simply a relative, as we have seen how loosely these kinships are referred to (1:1.2).
Nehemiah, though nothing more is stated of him, is likely to have been, like Zerubbabel, of the royal family of David, and certainly he was a great patriot. Study his prayer carefully (vv. 4-11). Notice its deep earnestness (v. 4), unselfishness (v. 6), humility (vv. 6, 7), faith (vv. 8, 9) and definiteness (v. 11). A cup-bearer to an oriental potentate (v. 12) held a confidential and influential office, affording him frequent access to his presence. At the meal he presented the cup of wine to the king, and since the likelihood of its being poisoned was ever present, he must be one in whom the greatest trust was reposed. Not infrequently, as a precautionary measure, the cup-bearer must first taste the wine in the king's presence before presenting it.
Four months elapsed between chapters one and two, though the cause is unknown. Nisan (2:1) was in the Spring. It awakened suspicion to appear before majesty with a sad countenance (v. 2), but in this case it gave Nehemiah his opportunity (vv. 3-8).
The queen may have been Esther, though it is uncertain. God receives the glory (v. 8).
2. Progress of the Work, cc. 2:9-3:32.
"Beyond the river" means east of the Euphrates. "Governors" were in charge of the Persian dependencies in proximity to Judah (v. 9). "Horonite" seems to refer to a Moabitish town of that name. The Amonite "Tobiah the servant" may mean that he was a freed slave elevated to official dignity. Nehemiah enters on his task by a night survey of the ruins (vv. 12-16). Then he addresses the leaders, stirring them by his example and information about the king's commission (vv. 17, 18). The opponents (v. 19) were doubtless supporters or leaders of the Samaritans, met with in Ezra.
The priests take the lead in the work (3:1). The residents of Jericho have a section assigned them (v. 2), and other great families follow to the end of the chapter. Their names are recorded because the work was one not only of patriotism, but godly devotion, calling for faith, courage, and self-sacrifice.
3. Hindrances, cc. 4-6.
Ridicule was the first form the hindrances took (vv. 1-6), but Nehemiah made his appeal to God and continued the work until the wall was built "half the height" (R. V.). If his language in prayer seems harsh, recall what we have learned about Israel's position as God's witness and instrument in blessing the world. To frustrate her is to frustrate God, and work the sorest injury to human kind. These enemies are not personal to Nehemiah, but the enemies of God and of all the earth. Moreover, Nehemiah himself is not undertaking to visit punishment upon them, but committing them to God who doeth righteously.
Physical force was the next form of hindrance (vv. 7-23), but Nehemiah provided against it by day and night watches (v. 9), by arming the workmen (v. 13), and by detaining them all in Jerusalem (v. 22).
The hindrance of chapter five was not the same as the others, and did not arise from the outside, but it was a hindrance, nevertheless, that must have greatly weakened their hands (vv. 1-5. Nehemiah's action was bold and efficient. An assembly was called (v. 7), his own example cited (vv. 8-10), an appeal made (v. 11), a solemn agreement effected (vv. 12, 13). The verses following testify to the wealth of Nehemiah as well as his unselfish patriotism. Not only declining the emoluments of his office, he maintained an expensive establishment for the public good, and this for twelve years (v. 14). He appears self-righteous (v. 19), but he was not living in the Gospel dispensation.
In chapter six the external enemies once more come into view, whose policy has changed from ridicule and force to crafty diplomacy (vv. 1-4) with threats superadded (w. 5-9). Nor are there wanting traitors within his own camp who seek Nehemiah's ruin, but in vain (vv. 10-15). Notice the intended disrespect in the "open" letter, which, in the case of so distinguished an official as Nehemiah (v. 5), should have been sealed, after the Persian custom. These were indeed "troublous times" (단9:25), but the man for the times had arrived.
【느5:1 MHCC】Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppressed, we should lament the hardships which many in the world are groaning under; putting our souls into their souls' stead, and remembering in our prayers and succours those who are burdened. But let those who show no mercy, expect judgment without mercy.
【느5:6 JFB】느5:6-19. The Usurers Rebuked.
6-12. I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words—When such disorders came to the knowledge of the governor, his honest indignation was roused against the perpetrators of the evil. Having summoned a public assembly, he denounced their conduct in terms of just severity. He contrasted it with his own in redeeming with his money some of the Jewish exiles who, through debt or otherwise, had lost their personal liberty in Babylon. He urged the rich creditors not only to abandon their illegal and oppressive system of usury, but to restore the fields and vineyards of the poor, so that a remedy might be put to an evil the introduction of which had led to much actual disorder, and the continuance of which would inevitably prove ruinous to the newly restored colony, by violating the fundamental principles of the Hebrew constitution. The remonstrance was effectual. The conscience of the usurious oppressors could not resist the touching and powerful appeal. With mingled emotions of shame, contrition, and fear, they with one voice expressed their readiness to comply with the governor's recommendation. The proceedings were closed by the parties binding themselves by a solemn oath, administered by the priests, that they would redeem their pledge, as well as by the governor invoking, by the solemn and significant gesture of shaking a corner of his garment, a malediction on those who should violate it. The historian has taken care to record that the people did according to this promise.
【느5:6 MHCC】Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the worldliness and hard-heartedness of the professors of it. Those that rigorously insist upon their right, with a very ill grace try to persuade others to give up theirs. In reasoning with selfish people, it is good to contrast their conduct with that of others who are liberal; but it is best to point to His example, who though he was rich, yet for our sakes became poor, that we, through his poverty, might be rich, 고후8:9. They did according to promise. Good promises are good things, but good performances are better.
【느5:14 JFB】14. Moreover from the time that I was appointed … I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor—We have a remarkable proof both of the opulence and the disinterestedness of Nehemiah. As he declined, on conscientious grounds, to accept the lawful emoluments attached to his government, and yet maintained a style of princely hospitality for twelve years out of his own resources, it is evident that his office of cup-bearer at the court of Shushan must have been very lucrative.
【느5:14 MHCC】Those who truly fear God, will not dare to do any thing cruel or unjust. Let all who are in public places remember that they are so placed to do good, not to enrich themselves. Nehemiah mentions it to God in prayer, not as if he had merited any favour from God, but to show that he depended upon God only, to make up to him what he had lost and laid out for his honour. Nehemiah evidently spake and acted as one that knew himself to be a sinner. He did not mean to claim a reward as of debt, but in the manner that the Lord rewards a cup of cold water given to a disciple for his sake. The fear and love of God in the heart, and true love of the brethren, will lead to every good work. These are proper evidences of justifying faith; and our reconciled God will look upon persons of this character for good, according to all they have done for his people.
【느5:15 JFB】15. the former governors … had taken … bread and wine, besides forty shekels of silver—The income of Eastern governors is paid partly in produce, partly in money. "Bread" means all sorts of provision. The forty shekels of silver per day would amount to a yearly salary of £1800 sterling.
【느5:17 JFB】17. Moreover there were at my table an hundred and fifty of the Jews—In the East it has been always customary to calculate the expense of a king's or grandee's establishment, not by the amount of money disbursed, but by the quantity of provisions consumed (see 왕상4:22; 18:19; 전5:11).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.