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■ 느헤미야 4장
1. 산발랏이 우리가 성을 건축한다 함을 듣고 크게 분노하여 유다 사람을 비웃으며
But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall , he was wroth , and took great indignation , and mocked the Jews .
2. 자기 형제들과 사마리아 군대 앞에서 말하여 가로되 이 미약한 유다 사람들의 하는 일이 무엇인가, 스스로 견고케 하려는가, 제사를 드리려는가, 하루에 필역하려는가, 소화된 돌을 흙 무더기에서 다시 일으키려는가 하고
And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria , and said , What do these feeble Jews ? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice ? will they make an end in a day ? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned ?
3. 암몬 사람 도비야는 곁에 섰다가 가로되 저들의 건축하는 성벽은 여우가 올라가도 곧 무너지리라 하더라
Now Tobiah the Ammonite was by him , and he said , Even that which they build , if a fox go up , he shall even break down their stone wall .
4. 우리 하나님이여 들으시옵소서 우리가 업신여김을 당하나이다 원컨대 저희의 욕하는 것으로 자기의 머리에 돌리사 노략거리가 되어 이방에 사로잡히게 하시고
Hear , O our God ; for we are despised : and turn their reproach upon their own head , and give them for a prey in the land of captivity :
5. 주의 앞에서 그 악을 덮어 두지 마옵시며 그 죄를 도말하지 마옵소서 저희가 건축하는 자 앞에서 주의 노를 격동하였음이니이다 하고
And cover not their iniquity , and let not their sin be blotted out from before thee: for they have provoked thee to anger before the builders .
6. 이에 우리가 성을 건축하여 전부가 연락되고 고가 절반에 미쳤으니 이는 백성이 마음들여 역사하였음이니라
So built we the wall ; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work .
7. 산발랏과 도비야와 아라비아 사람들과 암몬 사람들과 아스돗 사람들이 예루살렘 성이 중수되어 그 퇴락한 곳이 수보되어 간다 함을 듣고 심히 분하여
But it came to pass, that when Sanballat , and Tobiah , and the Arabians , and the Ammonites , and the Ashdodites , heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up , and that the breaches began to be stopped , then they were very wroth ,
8. 다 함께 꾀하기를 예루살렘으로 가서 쳐서 요란하게 하자 하기로
And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem , and to hinder it.
9. 우리가 우리 하나님께 기도하며 저희를 인하여 파수꾼을 두어 주야로 방비하는데
Nevertheless we made our prayer unto our God , and set a watch against them day and night , because of them.
10. 유다 사람들은 이르기를 흙 무더기가 아직도 많거늘 담부하는 자의 힘이 쇠하였으니 우리가 성을 건축하지 못하리라 하고
And Judah said , The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed , and there is much rubbish ; so that we are not able to build the wall .
11. 우리의 대적은 이르기를 저희가 알지 못하고 보지 못하는 사이에 우리가 저희 중에 달려 들어가서 살륙하여 역사를 그치게 하리라 하고
And our adversaries said , They shall not know , neither see , till we come in the midst among them, and slay them, and cause the work to cease .
12. 그 대적의 근처에 거하는 유다 사람들도 그 각처에서 와서 열 번이나 우리에게 고하기를 너희가 우리에게로 와야 하리라 하기로
And it came to pass, that when the Jews which dwelt by them came , they said unto us ten times , From all places whence ye shall return unto us they will be upon you.
13. 내가 성 뒤 낮고 넓은 곳에 백성으로 그 종족을 따라 칼과 창과 활을 가지고 서게 하고
Therefore set I in the lower places behind the wall , and on the higher places , I even set the people after their families with their swords , their spears , and their bows .
14. 내가 돌아본 후에 일어나서 귀인들과 민장과 남은 백성에게 고하기 너희는 저희를 두려워 말고 지극히 크시고 두려우신 주를 기억하고 너희 형제와 자녀와 아내와 집을 위하여 싸우라 하였었느니라
And I looked , and rose up , and said unto the nobles , and to the rulers , and to the rest of the people , Be not ye afraid of them : remember the Lord , which is great and terrible , and fight for your brethren , your sons , and your daughters , your wives , and your houses .
15. 우리의 대적이 자기의 뜻을 우리가 알았다 함을 들으니라 하나님이 저희의 꾀를 폐하셨으므로 우리가 다 성에 돌아와서 각각 역사하였는데
And it came to pass, when our enemies heard that it was known unto us, and God had brought their counsel to nought , that we returned all of us to the wall , every one unto his work .
16. 그 때로부터 내 종자의 절반은 역사하고 절반은 갑옷을 입고 창과 방패와 활을 가졌고 민장은 유다 온 족속의 뒤에 있었으며
And it came to pass from that time forth, that the half of my servants wrought in the work , and the other half of them held both the spears , the shields , and the bows , and the habergeons ; and the rulers were behind all the house of Judah .
17. 성을 건축하는 자와 담부하는 자는 다 각각 한 손으로 일을 하며 한 손에는 병기를 잡았는데
They which builded on the wall , and they that bare burdens , with those that laded , every one with one of his hands wrought in the work , and with the other hand held a weapon .
18. 건축하는 자는 각각 칼을 차고 건축하며 나팔 부는 자는 내 곁에 섰었느니라
For the builders , every one had his sword girded by his side , and so builded . And he that sounded the trumpet was by me .
19. 내가 귀인들과 민장들과 남은 백성에게 이르기를 이 역사는 크고 넓으므로 우리가 성에서 나뉘어 상거가 먼즉
And I said unto the nobles , and to the rulers , and to the rest of the people , The work is great and large , and we are separated upon the wall , one far from another .
20. 너희가 무론 어디서든지 나팔 소리를 듣거든 그리로 모여서 우리에게로 나아오라 우리 하나님이 우리를 위하여 싸우시리라 하였느니라
In what place therefore ye hear the sound of the trumpet , resort ye thither unto us: our God shall fight for us.
21. 우리가 이같이 역사하는데 무리의 절반은 동틀 때부터 별이 나기까지 창을 잡았었으며
So we laboured in the work : and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared .
22. 그 때에 내가 또 백성에게 고하기를 사람마다 그 종자와 함께 예루살렘 안에서 잘지니 밤에는 우리를 위하여 파수하겠고 낮에는 역사하리라 하고
Likewise at the same time said I unto the people , Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem , that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labour on the day .
23. 내나 내 형제들이나 종자들이나 나를 좇아 파수하는 사람들이나 다 그 옷을 벗지 아니하였으며 물을 길으러 갈 때에도 기계를 잡았었느니라
So neither I, nor my brethren , nor my servants , nor the men of the guard which followed me, none of us put off our clothes , saving that every one put them off for washing .
■ 주석 보기
【느4:1 JFB】느4:1-6. While the Enemies Scoff, Nehemiah Prays to God, and Continues the Work.
1. when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth—The Samaritan faction showed their bitter animosity to the Jews on discovering the systematic design of refortifying Jerusalem. Their opposition was confined at first to scoffs and insults, in heaping which the governors made themselves conspicuous, and circulated all sorts of disparaging reflections that might increase the feelings of hatred and contempt for them in their own party. The weakness of the Jews in respect of wealth and numbers, the absurdity of their purpose apparently to reconstruct the walls and celebrate the feast of dedication in one day, the idea of raising the walls on their old foundations, as well as using the charred and mouldering debris of the ruins as the materials for the restored buildings, and the hope of such a parapet as they could raise being capable of serving as a fortress of defense—these all afforded fertile subjects of hostile ridicule.
【느4:1 CWC】[BUILDING THE WALLS]
1. Prayer and Its Answer, cc. 1-2:8.
In this book it is to be kept in mind that the previous commissions to Zerubbabel and Ezra concerned only the repair of the temple at Jerusalem, and certain internal arrangements for the moral and material well-being of the people in their home towns. The walls and gates of the city, however, were still in the ruined condition in which they were left by Nebuchadnezzar after the siege. The consequences of this were detrimental to the people's peace, for such protection was practically their only defence against assaulting enemies.
Chislev was an early winter month. Shushan was the winter, as Ecbatana was the summer palace, of the Persian monarchs. Hanani may have been simply a relative, as we have seen how loosely these kinships are referred to (1:1.2).
Nehemiah, though nothing more is stated of him, is likely to have been, like Zerubbabel, of the royal family of David, and certainly he was a great patriot. Study his prayer carefully (vv. 4-11). Notice its deep earnestness (v. 4), unselfishness (v. 6), humility (vv. 6, 7), faith (vv. 8, 9) and definiteness (v. 11). A cup-bearer to an oriental potentate (v. 12) held a confidential and influential office, affording him frequent access to his presence. At the meal he presented the cup of wine to the king, and since the likelihood of its being poisoned was ever present, he must be one in whom the greatest trust was reposed. Not infrequently, as a precautionary measure, the cup-bearer must first taste the wine in the king's presence before presenting it.
Four months elapsed between chapters one and two, though the cause is unknown. Nisan (2:1) was in the Spring. It awakened suspicion to appear before majesty with a sad countenance (v. 2), but in this case it gave Nehemiah his opportunity (vv. 3-8).
The queen may have been Esther, though it is uncertain. God receives the glory (v. 8).
2. Progress of the Work, cc. 2:9-3:32.
"Beyond the river" means east of the Euphrates. "Governors" were in charge of the Persian dependencies in proximity to Judah (v. 9). "Horonite" seems to refer to a Moabitish town of that name. The Amonite "Tobiah the servant" may mean that he was a freed slave elevated to official dignity. Nehemiah enters on his task by a night survey of the ruins (vv. 12-16). Then he addresses the leaders, stirring them by his example and information about the king's commission (vv. 17, 18). The opponents (v. 19) were doubtless supporters or leaders of the Samaritans, met with in Ezra.
The priests take the lead in the work (3:1). The residents of Jericho have a section assigned them (v. 2), and other great families follow to the end of the chapter. Their names are recorded because the work was one not only of patriotism, but godly devotion, calling for faith, courage, and self-sacrifice.
3. Hindrances, cc. 4-6.
Ridicule was the first form the hindrances took (vv. 1-6), but Nehemiah made his appeal to God and continued the work until the wall was built "half the height" (R. V.). If his language in prayer seems harsh, recall what we have learned about Israel's position as God's witness and instrument in blessing the world. To frustrate her is to frustrate God, and work the sorest injury to human kind. These enemies are not personal to Nehemiah, but the enemies of God and of all the earth. Moreover, Nehemiah himself is not undertaking to visit punishment upon them, but committing them to God who doeth righteously.
Physical force was the next form of hindrance (vv. 7-23), but Nehemiah provided against it by day and night watches (v. 9), by arming the workmen (v. 13), and by detaining them all in Jerusalem (v. 22).
The hindrance of chapter five was not the same as the others, and did not arise from the outside, but it was a hindrance, nevertheless, that must have greatly weakened their hands (vv. 1-5. Nehemiah's action was bold and efficient. An assembly was called (v. 7), his own example cited (vv. 8-10), an appeal made (v. 11), a solemn agreement effected (vv. 12, 13). The verses following testify to the wealth of Nehemiah as well as his unselfish patriotism. Not only declining the emoluments of his office, he maintained an expensive establishment for the public good, and this for twelve years (v. 14). He appears self-righteous (v. 19), but he was not living in the Gospel dispensation.
In chapter six the external enemies once more come into view, whose policy has changed from ridicule and force to crafty diplomacy (vv. 1-4) with threats superadded (w. 5-9). Nor are there wanting traitors within his own camp who seek Nehemiah's ruin, but in vain (vv. 10-15). Notice the intended disrespect in the "open" letter, which, in the case of so distinguished an official as Nehemiah (v. 5), should have been sealed, after the Persian custom. These were indeed "troublous times" (단9:25), but the man for the times had arrived.
【느4:1 MHCC】Many a good work has been looked upon with contempt by proud and haughty scorners. Those who disagree in almost every thing, will unite in persecution. Nehemiah did not answer these fools according to their folly, but looked up to God by prayer. God's people have often been a despised people, but he hears all the slights that are put upon them, and it is their comfort that he does so. Nehemiah had reason to think that the hearts of those sinners were desperately hardened, else he would not have prayed that their sins might never be blotted out. Good work goes on well, when people have a mind to it. The reproaches of enemies should quicken us to our duty, not drive us from it.
【느4:3 JFB】3. if a fox go up—The foxes were mentioned because they were known to infest in great numbers the ruined and desolate places in the mount and city of Zion (애5:18).
【느4:4 JFB】4, 5. Hear, O our God; for we are despised—The imprecations invoked here may seem harsh, cruel, and vindictive; but it must be remembered that Nehemiah and his friends regarded those Samaritan leaders as enemies to the cause of God and His people, and therefore as deserving to be visited with heavy judgments. The prayer, therefore, is to be considered as emanating from hearts in which neither hatred, revenge, nor any inferior passion, but a pious and patriotic zeal for the glory of God and the success of His cause, held the ascendant sway.
【느4:6 JFB】6. all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof—The whole circuit of the wall had been distributed in sections to various companies of the people, and was completed to the half of the intended height.
【느4:7 JFB】느4:7-23. He Sets a Watch.
7-21. But … when Sanballat … heard that the walls … were made up, and … the breaches … stopped—The rapid progress of the fortifications, despite all their predictions to the contrary, goaded the Samaritans to frenzy. So they, dreading danger from the growing greatness of the Jews, formed a conspiracy to surprise them, demolish their works, and disperse or intimidate the builders. The plot being discovered, Nehemiah adopted the most energetic measures for ensuring the common safety, as well as the uninterrupted building of the walls. Hitherto the governor, for the sake of despatch, had set all his attendants and guards on the work—now half of them were withdrawn to be constantly in arms. The workmen labored with a trowel in one hand and a sword in the other; and as, in so large a circuit, they were far removed from each other, Nehemiah (who was night and day on the spot, and, by his pious exhortations and example, animated the minds of his people) kept a trumpeter by his side, so that, on any intelligence of a surprise being brought to him, an alarm might be immediately sounded, and assistance rendered to the most distant detachment of their brethren. By these vigilant precautions, the counsels of the enemy were defeated, and the work was carried on apace. God, when He has important public work to do, never fails to raise up instruments for accomplishing it, and in the person of Nehemiah, who, to great natural acuteness and energy added fervent piety and heroic devotion, He provided a leader, whose high qualities fitted him for the demands of the crisis. Nehemiah's vigilance anticipated every difficulty, his prudent measures defeated every obstruction, and with astonishing rapidity this Jerusalem was made again "a city fortified."
【느4:7 MHCC】The hindering good work is what bad men aim at, and promise themselves success in; but good work is God's work, and it shall prosper. God has many ways of bringing to light, and so of bringing to nought, the devices and designs of his church's enemies. If our enemies cannot frighten us from duty, or deceive us into sin, they cannot hurt us. Nehemiah put himself and his cause under the Divine protection. It was the way of this good man, and should be our way. All his cares, all his griefs, all his fears, he spread before God. Before he used any means, he made his prayer to God. Having prayed, he set a watch against the enemy. If we think to secure ourselves by prayer, without watchfulness, we are slothful, and tempt God; if by watchfulness, without prayer, we are proud, and slight God: either way, we forfeit his protection. God's care of our safety, should engage and encourage us to go on with vigour in our duty. As soon as a danger is over, let us return to our work, and trust God another time.
【느4:16 MHCC】We must watch always against spiritual enemies, and not expect that our warfare will be over till our work is ended. The word of God is the sword of the Spirit, which we ought to have always at hand, and never to have to seek for it, either in our labours, or in our conflicts, as Christians. Every true Christian is both a labourer and a soldier, working with one hand, and fighting with the other. Good work is likely to go on with success, when those who labour in it, make a business of it. And Satan fears to assault the watchful Christian; or, if attacked, the Lord fights for him. Thus must we wait to the close of life, never putting off our armour till our work and warfare are ended; then we shall be welcomed to the rest and joy of our Lord.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.