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■ 느헤미야 2장
1. 아닥사스다 왕 이십년 니산월에 왕의 앞에 술이 있기로 내가 들어 왕에게 드렸는데 이 전에는 내가 왕의 앞에서 수색이 없었더니
And it came to pass in the month Nisan , in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king , that wine was before him: and I took up the wine , and gave it unto the king . Now I had not been beforetime sad in his presence .
2. 왕이 내게 이르시되 네가 병이 없거늘 어찌하여 얼굴에 수색이 있느냐 이는 필연 네 마음에 근심이 있음이로다 그 때에 내가 크게 두려워하여
Wherefore the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad , seeing thou art not sick ? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart . Then I was very sore afraid ,
3. 왕께 대답하되 왕은 만세수를 하옵소서 나의 열조의 묘실 있는 성읍이 이제까지 황무하고 성문이 소화되었사오니 내가 어찌 얼굴에 수색이 없사오리이까
And said unto the king , Let the king live for ever : why should not my countenance be sad , when the city , the place of my fathers’ sepulchres , lieth waste , and the gates thereof are consumed with fire ?
4. 왕이 내게 이르시되 그러면 네가 무엇을 원하느냐 하시기로 내가 곧 하늘의 하나님께 묵도하고
Then the king said unto me, For what dost thou make request ? So I prayed to the God of heaven .
5. 왕에게 고하되 왕이 만일 즐겨하시고 종이 왕의 목전에서 은혜를 얻었사오면 나를 유다 땅 나의 열조의 묘실 있는 성읍에 보내어 그 성을 중건하게 하옵소서 하였는데
And I said unto the king , If it please the king , and if thy servant have found favour in thy sight , that thou wouldest send me unto Judah , unto the city of my fathers’ sepulchres , that I may build it.
6. 그 때에 왕후도 왕의 곁에 앉았더라 왕이 내게 이르시되 네가 몇날에 행할 길이며 어느 때에 돌아오겠느냐 하고 왕이 나를 보내기를 즐겨하시기로 내가 기한을 정하고
And the king said unto me, (the queen also sitting by him ,) For how long shall thy journey be? and when wilt thou return ? So it pleased the king to send me; and I set him a time .
7. 내가 또 왕에게 아뢰되 왕이 만일 즐겨하시거든 강 서편 총독들에게 내리시는 조서를 내게 주사 저희로 나를 용납하여 유다까지 통과하게 하시고
Moreover I said unto the king , If it please the king , let letters be given me to the governors beyond the river , that they may convey me over till I come into Judah ;
8. 또 왕의 삼림 감독 아삽에게 조서를 내리사 저로 전에 속한 영문의 문과 성곽과 나의 거할 집을 위하여 들보 재목을 주게 하옵소서 하매 내 하나님의 선한 손이 나를 도우심으로 왕이 허락하고
And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of the king’s forest , that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house , and for the wall of the city , and for the house that I shall enter into . And the king granted me, according to the good hand of my God upon me.
9. 군대 장관과 마병을 보내어 나와 함께 하시기로 내가 강 서편에 있는 총독들에게 이르러 왕의 조서를 전하였더니
Then I came to the governors beyond the river , and gave them the king’s letters . Now the king had sent captains of the army and horsemen with me.
10. 호론 사람 산발랏과 종 되었던 암몬 사람 도비야가 이스라엘 자손을 흥왕케 하려는 사람이 왔다 함을 듣고 심히 근심하더라
When Sanballat the Horonite , and Tobiah the servant , the Ammonite , heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel .
11. 내가 예루살렘에 이르러 거한지 삼일에
So I came to Jerusalem , and was there three days .
12. 내 하나님이 내 마음을 감화하사 예루살렘을 위하여 행하게 하신 일을 내가 아무 사람에게도 말하지 아니하고 밤에 일어나 두어 사람과 함께 나갈새 내가 탄 짐승 외에는 다른 짐승이 없더라
And I arose in the night , I and some few men with me; neither told I any man what my God had put in my heart to do at Jerusalem : neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon .
13. 그 밤에 골짜기 문으로 나가서 용정으로 분문에 이르는 동안에 보니 예루살렘 성벽이 다 무너졌고 성문은 소화되었더라
And I went out by night by the gate of the valley , even before the dragon well , and to the dung port , and viewed the walls of Jerusalem , which were broken down , and the gates thereof were consumed with fire .
14. 앞으로 행하여 샘문과 왕의 못에 이르러는 탄 짐승이 지나갈 곳이 없는지라
Then I went on to the gate of the fountain , and to the king’s pool : but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass .
15. 그 밤에 시내를 좇아 올라가서 성벽을 살펴본 후에 돌이켜 골짜기 문으로 들어와서 돌아왔으나
Then went I up in the night by the brook , and viewed the wall , and turned back , and entered by the gate of the valley , and so returned .
16. 방백들은 내가 어디 갔었으며 무엇을 하였는지 알지 못하였고 나도 그 일을 유다 사람들에게나 제사장들에게나 귀인들에게나 방백들에게나 그 외에 일하는 자들에게 고하지 아니하다가
And the rulers knew not whither I went , or what I did ; neither had I as yet told it to the Jews , nor to the priests , nor to the nobles , nor to the rulers , nor to the rest that did the work .
17. 후에 저희에게 이르기를 우리의 당한 곤경은 너희도 목도하는 바라 예루살렘이 황무하고 성문이 소화되었으니 자, 예루살렘 성을 중건하여 다시 수치를 받지 말자 하고
Then said I unto them, Ye see the distress that we are in, how Jerusalem lieth waste , and the gates thereof are burned with fire : come , and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem , that we be no more a reproach .
18. 또 저희에게 하나님의 선한 손이 나를 도우신 일과 왕이 내게 이른 말씀을 고하였더니 저희의 말이 일어나 건축하자 하고 모두 힘을 내어 이 선한 일을 하려 하매
Then I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as also the king’s words that he had spoken unto me. And they said , Let us rise up and build . So they strengthened their hands for this good work.
19. 호론 사람 산발랏과 종이 되었던 암몬 사람 도비야와 아라비아 사람 게셈이 이 말을 듣고 우리를 업신여기고 비웃어 가로되 너희의 하는 일이 무엇이냐 왕을 배반코자 하느냐 하기로
But when Sanballat the Horonite , and Tobiah the servant , the Ammonite , and Geshem the Arabian , heard it, they laughed us to scorn , and despised us, and said , What is this thing that ye do ? will ye rebel against the king ?
20. 내가 대답하여 가로되 하늘의 하나님이 우리로 형통케 하시리니 그의 종 우리가 일어나 건축하려니와 오직 너희는 예루살렘에서 아무 기업도 없고 권리도 없고 명록도 없다 하였느니라
Then answered I them, and said unto them, The God of heaven , he will prosper us; therefore we his servants will arise and build : but ye have no portion , nor right , nor memorial , in Jerusalem .
■ 주석 보기
【느2:1 JFB】느2:1-20. Artaxerxes, Understanding the Cause of Nehemiah's Sadness, Sends Him with Letters and a Commission to Build Again the Walls of Jerusalem.
1. it came to pass in the month Nisan—This was nearly four months after he had learned the desolate and ruinous state of Jerusalem (느1:1). The reasons for so long a delay cannot be ascertained.
I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king—Xenophon has particularly remarked about the polished and graceful manner in which the cupbearers of the Median, and consequently the Persian, monarchs performed their duty of presenting the wine to their royal master. Having washed the cup in the king's presence and poured into their left hand a little of the wine, which they drank in his presence, they then handed the cup to him, not grasped, but lightly held with the tips of their thumb and fingers. This description has received some curious illustrations from the monuments of Assyria and Persia, on which the cupbearers are frequently represented in the act of handing wine to the king.
【느2:1 CWC】[BUILDING THE WALLS]
1. Prayer and Its Answer, cc. 1-2:8.
In this book it is to be kept in mind that the previous commissions to Zerubbabel and Ezra concerned only the repair of the temple at Jerusalem, and certain internal arrangements for the moral and material well-being of the people in their home towns. The walls and gates of the city, however, were still in the ruined condition in which they were left by Nebuchadnezzar after the siege. The consequences of this were detrimental to the people's peace, for such protection was practically their only defence against assaulting enemies.
Chislev was an early winter month. Shushan was the winter, as Ecbatana was the summer palace, of the Persian monarchs. Hanani may have been simply a relative, as we have seen how loosely these kinships are referred to (1:1.2).
Nehemiah, though nothing more is stated of him, is likely to have been, like Zerubbabel, of the royal family of David, and certainly he was a great patriot. Study his prayer carefully (vv. 4-11). Notice its deep earnestness (v. 4), unselfishness (v. 6), humility (vv. 6, 7), faith (vv. 8, 9) and definiteness (v. 11). A cup-bearer to an oriental potentate (v. 12) held a confidential and influential office, affording him frequent access to his presence. At the meal he presented the cup of wine to the king, and since the likelihood of its being poisoned was ever present, he must be one in whom the greatest trust was reposed. Not infrequently, as a precautionary measure, the cup-bearer must first taste the wine in the king's presence before presenting it.
Four months elapsed between chapters one and two, though the cause is unknown. Nisan (2:1) was in the Spring. It awakened suspicion to appear before majesty with a sad countenance (v. 2), but in this case it gave Nehemiah his opportunity (vv. 3-8).
The queen may have been Esther, though it is uncertain. God receives the glory (v. 8).
2. Progress of the Work, cc. 2:9-3:32.
"Beyond the river" means east of the Euphrates. "Governors" were in charge of the Persian dependencies in proximity to Judah (v. 9). "Horonite" seems to refer to a Moabitish town of that name. The Amonite "Tobiah the servant" may mean that he was a freed slave elevated to official dignity. Nehemiah enters on his task by a night survey of the ruins (vv. 12-16). Then he addresses the leaders, stirring them by his example and information about the king's commission (vv. 17, 18). The opponents (v. 19) were doubtless supporters or leaders of the Samaritans, met with in Ezra.
The priests take the lead in the work (3:1). The residents of Jericho have a section assigned them (v. 2), and other great families follow to the end of the chapter. Their names are recorded because the work was one not only of patriotism, but godly devotion, calling for faith, courage, and self-sacrifice.
3. Hindrances, cc. 4-6.
Ridicule was the first form the hindrances took (vv. 1-6), but Nehemiah made his appeal to God and continued the work until the wall was built "half the height" (R. V.). If his language in prayer seems harsh, recall what we have learned about Israel's position as God's witness and instrument in blessing the world. To frustrate her is to frustrate God, and work the sorest injury to human kind. These enemies are not personal to Nehemiah, but the enemies of God and of all the earth. Moreover, Nehemiah himself is not undertaking to visit punishment upon them, but committing them to God who doeth righteously.
Physical force was the next form of hindrance (vv. 7-23), but Nehemiah provided against it by day and night watches (v. 9), by arming the workmen (v. 13), and by detaining them all in Jerusalem (v. 22).
The hindrance of chapter five was not the same as the others, and did not arise from the outside, but it was a hindrance, nevertheless, that must have greatly weakened their hands (vv. 1-5. Nehemiah's action was bold and efficient. An assembly was called (v. 7), his own example cited (vv. 8-10), an appeal made (v. 11), a solemn agreement effected (vv. 12, 13). The verses following testify to the wealth of Nehemiah as well as his unselfish patriotism. Not only declining the emoluments of his office, he maintained an expensive establishment for the public good, and this for twelve years (v. 14). He appears self-righteous (v. 19), but he was not living in the Gospel dispensation.
In chapter six the external enemies once more come into view, whose policy has changed from ridicule and force to crafty diplomacy (vv. 1-4) with threats superadded (w. 5-9). Nor are there wanting traitors within his own camp who seek Nehemiah's ruin, but in vain (vv. 10-15). Notice the intended disrespect in the "open" letter, which, in the case of so distinguished an official as Nehemiah (v. 5), should have been sealed, after the Persian custom. These were indeed "troublous times" (단9:25), but the man for the times had arrived.
【느2:1 MHCC】Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of grace are never out of season. But the sense of God's displeasure and the afflictions of his people, are causes of sorrow to the children of God, under which no earthly delights can comfort. The king encouraged Nehemiah to tell his mind. This gave him boldness to speak; much more may the invitation Christ has given us to pray, and the promise that we shall speed, encourage us to come boldly to the throne of grace. Nehemiah prayed to the God of heaven, as infinitely above even this mighty monarch. He lifted up his heart to that God who understands the language of the heart. Nor should we ever engage in any pursuit in which it would be wrong for us thus to seek and expect the Divine direction, assistance, and blessing. There was an immediate answer to his prayer; for the seed of Jacob never sought the God of Jacob in vain.
【느2:2 JFB】2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?—It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow (에4:2); and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. But the piety and intense earnestness of the man immediately restored [Nehemiah] to calm self-possession and enabled him to communicate, first, the cause of his sadness (느2:3), and next, the patriotic wish of his heart to be the honored instrument of reviving the ancient glory of the city of his fathers.
【느2:6 JFB】6-9. the queen also sitting by him—As the Persian monarchs did not admit their wives to be present at their state festivals, this must have been a private occasion. The queen referred to was probably Esther, whose presence would tend greatly to embolden Nehemiah in stating his request; and through her influence, powerfully exerted it may be supposed, also by her sympathy with the patriotic design, his petition was granted, to go as deputy governor of Judea, accompanied by a military guard, and invested with full powers to obtain materials for the building in Jerusalem, as well as to get all requisite aid in promoting his enterprise.
I set him a time—Considering the great despatch made in raising the walls, it is probable that this leave of absence was limited at first to a year or six months, after which he returned to his duties in Shushan. The circumstance of fixing a set time for his return, as well as entrusting so important a work as the refortification of Jerusalem to his care, proves the high favor and confidence Nehemiah enjoyed at the Persian court, and the great estimation in which his services were held. At a later period he received a new commission for the better settlement of the affairs of Judea and remained governor of that province for twelve years (느5:14).
【느2:7 JFB】7. letters be given me to the governors beyond the river—The Persian empire at this time was of vast extent, reaching from the Indus to the Mediterranean. The Euphrates was considered as naturally dividing it into two parts, eastern and western (see on 스5:3).
【느2:8 JFB】8. according to the good hand of my God upon me—The piety of Nehemiah appears in every circumstance. The conception of his patriotic design, the favorable disposition of the king, and the success of the undertaking are all ascribed to God.
【느2:9 MHCC】When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.
【느2:10 JFB】10. Sanballat the Horonite—Horonaim being a town in Moab, this person, it is probable, was a Moabite.
Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite—The term used indicates him to have been a freed slave, elevated to some official dignity. These were district magistrates under the government of the satrap of Syria; and they seem to have been leaders of the Samaritan faction.
【느2:11 JFB】11, 12. So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days—Deeply affected with the desolations of Jerusalem, and uncertain what course to follow, he remained three days before informing any one of the object of his mission [느2:17, 18]. At the end of the third day, accompanied with a few attendants, he made, under covert of night, a secret survey of the walls and gates [느2:13-15].
【느2:13 JFB】13-15. I went out by night by the gate of the valley—that is, the Jaffa gate, near the tower of Hippicus.
even before the dragon well—that is, fountain on the opposite side of the valley.
and to the dung port—the gate on the east of the city, through which there ran a common sewer to the brook Kedron and the valley of Hinnom.
【느2:14 JFB】14. Then—that is, after having passed through the gate of the Essenes.
I went on to the gate of the fountain—that is, Siloah, from which turning round the fount of Ophel.
to the king's pool: but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass—that is, by the sides of this pool (Solomon's) there being water in the pool, and too much rubbish about it to permit the passage of the beast.
【느2:15 JFB】15. Then went I up … by the brook—that is, Kedron.
and entered by the gate of the valley, and so returned—the gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat, east of the city. He went out by this gate, and having made the circuit of the city, went in by it again [Barclay, City of the Great King].
【느2:16 JFB】16-18. the rulers knew not—The following day, having assembled the elders, Nehemiah produced his commission and exhorted them to assist in the work. The sight of his credentials, and the animating strain of his address and example, so revived their drooping spirits that they resolved immediately to commence the building, which they did, despite the bitter taunts and scoffing ridicule of some influential men.
【느2:19 MHCC】The enmity of the serpent's seed against the cause of Christ is confined to no age or nation. The application to ourselves is plain. The church of God asks for our help. Is it not desolate, and exposed to assaults? Does the consideration of its low estate cause you any grief? Let not business, pleasure, or the support of a party so engage attention, as that Zion and her welfare shall be nothing to you.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.