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■ 누가복음 4장
1. 예수께서 성령의 충만함을 입어 요단 강에서 돌아오사 광야에서 사십 일 동안 성령에게 이끌리시며
And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan , and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness ,
2. 마귀에게 시험을 받으시더라 이 모든 날에 아무 것도 잡수시지 아니하시니 날 수가 다하매 주리신지라
Being forty days tempted of the devil . And in those days he did eat nothing : and when they were ended , he afterward hungered .
3. 마귀가 가로되 네가 만일 하나님의 아들이어든 이 돌들에게 명하여 떡덩이가 되게 하라
And the devil said unto him , If thou be the Son of God , command this stone that it be made bread .
4. 예수께서 대답하시되 기록하기를 사람이 떡으로만 살 것이 아니라 하였느니라
And Jesus answered him , saying , It is written , That man shall not live by bread alone , but by every word of God .
5. 마귀가 또 예수를 이끌고 올라가서 순식간에 천하 만국을 보이며
And the devil , taking him up into an high mountain , shewed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time .
6. 가로되 이 모든 권세와 그 영광을 내가 네게 주리라 이것은 내게 넘겨 준 것이므로 나의 원하는 자에게 주노라
And the devil said unto him , All this power will I give thee , and the glory of them : for that is delivered unto me ; and to whomsoever I will I give it .
7. 그러므로 네가 만일 내게 절하면 다 네 것이 되리라
If thou therefore wilt worship me , all shall be thine .
8. 예수께서 대답하여 가라사대 기록하기를 주 너의 하나님께 경배하고 다만 그를 섬기라 하였느니라
And Jesus answered and said unto him , Get thee behind me , Satan : for it is written , Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God , and him only shalt thou serve .
9. 또 이끌고 예루살렘으로 가서 성전 꼭대기에 세우고 가로되 네가 만일 하나님의 아들이어든 여기서 뛰어 내리라
And he brought him to Jerusalem , and set him on a pinnacle of the temple , and said unto him , If thou be the Son of God , cast thyself down from hence :
10. 기록하였으되 하나님이 너를 위하여 그 사자들을 명하사 너를 지키게 하시리라 하였고
For it is written , He shall give his angels charge over thee , to keep thee :
11. 또한 저희가 손으로 너를 받들어 네 발이 돌에 부딪히지 않게 하시리라 하였느니라
And in their hands they shall bear thee up , lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone .
12. 예수께서 대답하여 가라사대 말씀하기를 주 너의 하나님을 시험치 말라 하였느니라
And Jesus answering said unto him , It is said , Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God .
13. 마귀가 모든 시험을 다 한 후에 얼마 동안 떠나니라
And when the devil had ended all the temptation , he departed from him for a season .
14. 예수께서 성령의 권능으로 갈릴리에 돌아가시니 그 소문이 사방에 퍼졌고
And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee : and there went out a fame of him through all the region round about .
15. 친히 그 여러 회당에서 가르치시매 뭇 사람에게 칭송을 받으시더라
And he taught in their synagogues , being glorified of all .
16. 예수께서 그 자라나신 곳 나사렛에 이르사 안식일에 자기 규례대로 회당에 들어가사 성경을 읽으려고 서시매
And he came to Nazareth , where he had been brought up : and , as his custom was , he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day , and stood up for to read .
17. 선지자 이사야의 글을 드리거늘 책을 펴서 이렇게 기록한 데를 찾으시니 곧
And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias . And when he had opened the book , he found the place where it was written ,
18. 주의 성령이 내게 임하셨으니 이는 가난한 자에게 복음을 전하게 하시려고 내게 기름을 부으시고 나를 보내사 포로된 자에게 자유를, 눈먼 자에게 다시 보게 함을 전파하며 눌린 자를 자유케 하고
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me , because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor ; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted , to preach deliverance to the captives , and recovering of sight to the blind , to set at liberty them that are bruised ,
19. 주의 은혜의 해를 전파하게 하려 하심이라 하였더라
To preach the acceptable year of the Lord .
20. 책을 덮어 그 맡은 자에게 주시고 앉으시니 회당에 있는 자들이 다 주목하여 보더라
And he closed the book , and he gave it again to the minister , and sat down . And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him .
21. 이에 예수께서 저희에게 말씀하시되 이 글이 오늘날 너희 귀에 응하였느니라 하시니
And he began to say unto them , This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears .
22. 저희가 다 그를 증거하고 그 입으로 나오는 바 은혜로운 말을 기이히 여겨 가로되 이 사람이 요셉의 아들이 아니냐
And all bare him witness , and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth . And they said , Is not this Joseph’s son ?
23. 예수께서 저희에게 이르시되 너희가 반드시 의원아 너를 고치라 하는 속담을 인증하여 내게 말하기를 우리의 들은 바 가버나움에서 행한 일을 네 고향 여기서도 행하라 하리라
And he said unto them , Ye will surely say unto me this proverb , Physician , heal thyself : whatsoever we have heard done in Capernaum , do also here in thy country .
24. 또 가라사대 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 선지자가 고향에서 환영을 받는 자가 없느니라
And he said , Verily I say unto you , No prophet is accepted in his own country .
25. 내가 참으로 너희에게 이르노니 엘리야 시대에 하늘이 세 해 여섯 달을 닫히어 온 땅에 큰 흉년이 들었을 때에 이스라엘에 많은 과부가 있었으되
But I tell you of a truth , many widows were in Israel in the days of Elias , when the heaven was shut up three years and six months , when great famine was throughout all the land ;
26. 엘리야가 그 중 한 사람에게도 보내심을 받지 않고 오직 시돈 땅에 있는 사렙다의 한 과부에게 뿐이었으며
But unto none of them was Elias sent , save unto Sarepta , a city of Sidon , unto a woman that was a widow .
27. 또 선지자 엘리사 때에 이스라엘에 많은 문둥이가 있었으되 그 중에 한 사람도 깨끗함을 얻지 못하고 오직 수리아 사람 나아만뿐이니라
And many lepers were in Israel in the time of Eliseus the prophet ; and none of them was cleansed , saving Naaman the Syrian .
28. 회당에 있는 자들이 이것을 듣고 다 분이 가득하여
And all they in the synagogue , when they heard these things , were filled with wrath ,
29. 일어나 동네 밖으로 쫓아내어 그 동네가 건설된 산 낭떠러지까지 끌고 가서 밀쳐 내리치고자 하되
And rose up , and thrust him out of the city , and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built , that they might cast him down headlong .
30. 예수께서 저희 가운데로 지나서 가시니라
But he passing through the midst of them went his way ,
31. 갈릴리 가버나움 동네에 내려오사 안식일에 가르치시매
And came down to Capernaum , a city of Galilee , and taught them on the sabbath days .
32. 저희가 그 가르치심에 놀라니 이는 그 말씀이 권세가 있음이러라
And they were astonished at his doctrine : for his word was with power .
33. 회당에 더러운 귀신 들린 사람이 있어 크게 소리질러 가로되
And in the synagogue there was a man , which had a spirit of an unclean devil , and cried out with a loud voice ,
34. 아 나사렛 예수여 우리가 당신과 무슨 상관이 있나이까 우리를 멸하러 왔나이까 나는 당신이 누구인 줄 아노니 하나님의 거룩한 자니이다
Saying , Let us alone ; what have we to do with thee , thou Jesus of Nazareth ? art thou come to destroy us ? I know thee who thou art ; the Holy One of God .
35. 예수께서 꾸짖어 가라사대 잠잠하고 그 사람에게서 나오라 하시니 귀신이 그 사람을 무리 중에 넘어뜨리고 나오되 그 사람은 상하지 아니한지라
And Jesus rebuked him , saying , Hold thy peace , and come out of him . And when the devil had thrown him in the midst , he came out of him , and hurt him not .
36. 다 놀라 서로 말하여 가로되 이 어떠한 말씀인고 권세와 능력으로 더러운 귀신을 명하매 나가는도다 하더라
And they were all amazed , and spake among themselves , saying , What a word is this ! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits , and they come out .
37. 이에 예수의 소문이 그 근처 사방에 퍼지니라
And the fame of him went out into every place of the country round about .
38. 예수께서 일어나 회당에서 나가사 시몬의 집에 들어가시니 시몬의 장모가 중한 열병에 붙들린지라 사람이 저를 위하여 예수께 구하니
And he arose out of the synagogue , and entered into Simon’s house . And Simon’s wife’s mother was taken with a great fever ; and they besought him for her .
39. 예수께서 가까이 서서 열병을 꾸짖으신대 병이 떠나고 여자가 곧 일어나 저희에게 수종드니라
And he stood over her , and rebuked the fever ; and it left her : and immediately she arose and ministered unto them .
40. 해 질 적에 각색 병으로 앓는 자 있는 사람들이 다 병인을 데리고 나아오매 예수께서 일일이 그 위에 손을 얹으사 고치시니
Now when the sun was setting , all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him ; and he laid his hands on every one of them , and healed them .
41. 여러 사람에게서 귀신들이 나가며 소리질러 가로되 당신은 하나님의 아들이니이다 예수께서 꾸짖으사 저희의 말함을 허락지 아니하시니 이는 자기를 그리스도인 줄 앎이러라
And devils also came out of many , crying out , and saying , Thou art Christ the Son of God . And he rebuking them suffered them not to speak : for they knew that he was Christ .
42. 날이 밝으매 예수께서 나오사 한적한 곳에 가시니 무리가 찾다가 만나서 자기들에게 떠나시지 못하게 만류하려 하매
And when it was day , he departed and went into a desert place : and the people sought him , and came unto him , and stayed him , that he should not depart from them .
43. 예수께서 이르시되 내가 다른 동네에서도 하나님의 나라 복음을 전하여야 하리니 나는 이 일로 보내심을 입었노라 하시고
And he said unto them , I must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also : for therefore am I sent .
44. 갈릴리 여러 회당에서 전도하시더라
And he preached in the synagogues of Galilee .
■ 주석 보기
【눅4:1 JFB】Lu 4:1-13. Temptation of Christ.
(See on 마4:1-11.)
【눅4:1 MHCC】Christ's being led into the wilderness gave an advantage to the tempter; for there he was alone, none were with him by whose prayers and advice he might be helped in the hour of temptation. He who knew his own strength might give Satan advantage; but we may not, who know our own weakness. Being in all things made like unto his brethren, Jesus would, like the other children of God, live in dependence upon the Divine Providence and promise. The word of God is our sword, and faith in that word is our shield. God has many ways of providing for his people, and therefore is at all times to be depended upon in the way of duty. All Satan's promises are deceitful; and if he is permitted to have any influence in disposing of the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them, he uses them as baits to insnare men to destruction. We should reject at once and with abhorrence, every opportunity of sinful gain or advancement, as a price offered for our souls; we should seek riches, honours, and happiness in the worship and service of God only. Christ will not worship Satan; nor, when he has the kingdoms of the world delivered to him by his Father, will he suffer any remains of the worship of the devil to continue in them. Satan also tempted Jesus to be his own murderer, by unfitting confidence in his Father's protection, such as he had no warrant for. Let not any abuse of Scripture by Satan or by men abate our esteem, or cause us to abandon its use; but let us study it still, seek to know it, and seek our defence from it in all kinds of assaults. Let this word dwell richly in us, for it is our life. Our victorious Redeemer conquered, not for himself only, but for us also. The devil ended all the temptation. Christ let him try all his force, and defeated him. Satan saw it was to no purpose to attack Christ, who had nothing in him for his fiery darts to fasten upon. And if we resist the devil, he will flee from us. Yet he departed but till the season when he was again to be let loose upon Jesus, not as a tempter, to draw him to sin, and so to strike at his head, at which he now aimed and was wholly defeated in; but as a persecutor, to bring Christ to suffer, and so to bruise his heel, which it was told him, he should have to do, and would do, though it would be the breaking of his own head, 창3:15. Though Satan depart for a season, we shall never be out of his reach till removed from this present evil world.
【눅4:14 JFB】Lu 4:14-32. Jesus Entering on His Public Ministry, Makes a Circuit of Galilee—Rejection at Nazareth.
Note.—A large gap here occurs, embracing the important transactions in Galilee and Jerusalem which are recorded in 요1:29-4:54, and which occurred before John's imprisonment (요3:24); whereas the transactions here recorded occurred (as appears from 마4:12, 13) after that event. The visit to Nazareth recorded in 마13:54-58 (and 막6:1-6) we take to be not a later visit, but the same with this first one; because we cannot think that the Nazarenes, after being so enraged at His first display of wisdom as to attempt His destruction, should, on a second display of the same, wonder at it and ask how He came by it, as if they had never witnessed it before.
【눅4:14 MHCC】Christ taught in their synagogues, their places of public worship, where they met to read, expound, and apply the word, to pray and praise. All the gifts and graces of the Spirit were upon him and on him, without measure. By Christ, sinners may be loosed from the bonds of guilt, and by his Spirit and grace from the bondage of corruption. He came by the word of his gospel, to bring light to those that sat in the dark, and by the power of his grace, to give sight to those that were blind. And he preached the acceptable year of the Lord. Let sinners attend to the Saviour's invitation when liberty is thus proclaimed. Christ's name was Wonderful; in nothing was he more so than in the word of his grace, and the power that went along with it. We may well wonder that he should speak such words of grace to such graceless wretches as mankind. Some prejudice often furnishes an objection against the humbling doctrine of the cross; and while it is the word of God that stirs up men's enmity, they will blame the conduct or manner of the speaker. The doctrine of God's sovereignty, his right to do his will, provokes proud men. They will not seek his favour in his own way; and are angry when others have the favours they neglect. Still is Jesus rejected by multitudes who hear the same message from his words. While they crucify him afresh by their sins, may we honour him as the Son of God, the Saviour of men, and seek to show we do so by our obedience.
【눅4:16 JFB】16. as his custom was—Compare 행17:2.
stood up for to read—Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See 행13:15.)
【눅4:16 CWC】(1) At Nazareth vv. 16-30.
It was the custom for visitors to be granted the privilege of reading the Scriptures on such occasions (vv. 16, 17), and Jesus read from Isaiah 61. Perhaps it was not the appointed portion for that day, which may explain the last sentence of verse 20. However, when He began to apply the prophecy to Himself (v. 21), there was astonishment indeed, for nothing like that had ever been heard. Verse 23 indicates the state of mind and heart of His hearers. He knew the rejection before Him was such as had been meted out to Elijah and Elisha, and as God had worked by them among the Gentiles so would He do again. This aroused enmity, with the result of verses 29 and 30. A comparison of 사61:2, affords an instance of "the exquisite accuracy of Scripture," since Jesus stopped midway in the verse. The first half is connected with His first Advent and the present dispensation of grace, and the second, with His second Advent and the judgments to follow.
(2) At Capernaum vv. 31-44.
The leading events here are the casting out of the demon (vv. 33-35), and the healing of Peter's wife's mother (vv. 38, 39), both of which are referred to in Mark 1, the second also in Matt. 8. Matthew 4 tells us that Christ made His home at this time at Capernaum, while Luke (4:23) tells us why He did so. Note in the case of the demon: (1) that demons know their ultimate fate; (2) that Jesus will not receive their testimony to Himself though it be true; (3) that there is a distinction between them and the persons they inhabit and control. But why were the people amazed (v. 36)? To cast out demons was not new (마12:27), but the way and the power by which Jesus cast them out was altogether new. Compare the testimony of Nicodemus (요3:2, last clause). Notice verse 40, "He laid His hands on every one of them, and healed them." and also verse 43. What labor it represents!
(3) At Gennesaret 5:1-11.
The great draught of fishes is original with Luke, but calls for little comment. But note Peter's confession of sin in verse 8. Sin, not sins. It is his state of which he speaks, and not particular transgressions. What he is, not what he has done, utterly unfits him for the Divine presence, and he can find no comfort in that presence until his old nature has been taken away and a new put in its place. Nor is verse 11 less remarkable. "They forsook all and followed Him," because one who could do what they had just seen done, was able to meet all their needs henceforth including those of their families.
(4) In a Certain City vv. 12, 13,
With the exception of Miriam (Num. 12), this is the first illustration of the healing of leprosy in Israel, where the law of Leviticus 14 could have been acted upon. No wonder the fame of Jesus spread abroad (v. 15)! Who could work this miracle by His own power save the God of Israel?
【눅4:18 JFB】18, 19. To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as 사53:1-12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "Servant of the Lord," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (사49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
【눅4:19 JFB】19. acceptable year—an allusion to the jubilee year (레25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also 사49:8; 고후6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious Healer of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (요3:17). The first words, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
【눅4:20 JFB】20. the minister—the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes … fastened on Him—astounded at His putting in such claims.
【눅4:21 JFB】21. began to say, &c.—His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
【눅4:22 JFB】22. gracious words—"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (시45:2).
Is not this, &c.—(See on 마13:54-56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
【눅4:23 JFB】23. this proverb—like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.—"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (막6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
【눅4:24 JFB】24. And he said, &c.—He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form—"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also 마7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
【눅4:25 JFB】25-27. But I tell you, &c.—falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [Stier].
three years and six months—So 약5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in 왕상18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
【눅4:26 JFB】26, 27. save … saving—"but only." (Compare 막13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta—"Zarephath" (왕상17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See 막7:24.)
【눅4:28 JFB】28, 29. when they heard these things—these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (행22:21, 22).
【눅4:29 JFB】29. rose up—broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him—with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.—Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See 대하25:12; 왕하9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (마10:36).
【눅4:30 JFB】30. passing through the midst, &c.—evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
【눅4:31 JFB】31. down to Capernaum—It lay on the Sea of Galilee (마4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
【눅4:31 MHCC】Christ's preaching much affected the people; and a working power went with it to the consciences of men. These miracles showed Christ to be a controller and conqueror of Satan, a healer of diseases. Where Christ gives a new life, in recovery from sickness, it should be a new life, spent more than ever in his service, to his glory. Our business should be to spread abroad Christ's fame in every place, to beseech him in behalf of those diseased in body or mind, and to use our influence in bringing sinners to him, that his hands may be laid upon them for their healing. He cast the devils out of many who were possessed. We were not sent into this world to live to ourselves only, but to glorify God, and to do good in our generation. The people sought him, and came unto him. A desert is no desert, if we are with Christ there. He will continue with us, by his word and Spirit, and extend the same blessings to other nations, till, throughout the earth, the servants and worshippers of Satan are brought to acknowledge him as the Christ, the Son of God, and to find redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins.
【눅4:33 JFB】Lu 4:33-37. Demoniac Healed.
33. unclean—The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.—(See 마8:29; 막3:11).
【눅4:35 JFB】35. rebuked them, &c.—(See on Lu 4:41).
thrown him, &c.—See on 막9:20.
【눅4:36 JFB】36. What a word—a word from the Lord of spirits.
【눅4:38 JFB】Lu 4:38-41. Peter's Mother-in-law and Many Others, Healed.
(See on 마8:14-17.)
【눅4:41 JFB】41. suffered them not to speak—The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on 마12:24, &c.; see also 행16:16-18.)
【눅4:42 JFB】Lu 4:42-44. Jesus Sought Out at Morning Prayer, and Entreated to Stay, Declines from the Urgency of His Work.
See on 막1:35-39, where we learn how early He retired, and how He was engaged in solitude when they came seeking Him.
42. stayed him—"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (마8:34).
【눅4:43 JFB】43. I must, &c.—but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.