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■ 나훔 1장
1. 니느웨에 대한 중한 경고 곧 엘고스 사람 나훔의 묵시의 글이라
The burden of Nineveh . The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite .
2. 여호와는 투기하시며 보복하시는 하나님이시니라 여호와는 보복하시며 자기를 대적하는 자에게 진노를 품으시며
God is jealous , and the Lord revengeth ; the Lord revengeth , and is furious ; the Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries , and he reserveth wrath for his enemies .
3. 여호와는 노하기를 더디하시며 권능이 크시며 죄인을 결코 사하지 아니하시느니라 여호와의 길은 회리바람과 광풍에 있고 구름은 그 발의 티끌이로다
The Lord is slow to anger , and great in power , and will not at all acquit the wicked: the Lord hath his way in the whirlwind and in the storm , and the clouds are the dust of his feet .
4. 그는 바다를 꾸짖어 그것을 말리우시며 모든 강을 말리우시나니 바산과 갈멜이 쇠하며 레바논의 꽃이 이우는도다
He rebuketh the sea , and maketh it dry , and drieth up all the rivers : Bashan languisheth , and Carmel , and the flower of Lebanon languisheth .
5. 그로 인하여 산들이 진동하며 작은 산들이 녹고 그의 앞에서는 땅 곧 세계와 그 가운데 거하는 자들이 솟아오르는도다
The mountains quake at him, and the hills melt , and the earth is burned at his presence , yea, the world , and all that dwell therein.
6. 누가 능히 그 분노하신 앞에 서며 누가 능히 그 진노를 감당하랴 그 진노를 불처럼 쏟으시니 그를 인하여 바위들이 깨어지는도다
Who can stand before his indignation ? and who can abide in the fierceness of his anger ? his fury is poured out like fire , and the rocks are thrown down by him.
7. 여호와는 선하시며 환난 날에 산성이시라 그는 자기에게 의뢰하는 자들을 아시느니라
The Lord is good , a strong hold in the day of trouble ; and he knoweth them that trust in him.
8. 그가 범람한 물로 그곳을 진멸하시고 자기 대적들을 흑암으로 쫓아내시리라
But with an overrunning flood he will make an utter end of the place thereof, and darkness shall pursue his enemies .
9. 너희가 여호와를 대하여 무엇을 꾀하느냐 그가 온전히 멸하시리니 재난이 다시 일어나지 아니하리라
What do ye imagine against the Lord ? he will make an utter end : affliction shall not rise up the second time .
10. 가시덤불 같이 엉크러졌고 술을 마신 것 같이 취한 그들이 마른 지푸라기 같이 다 탈 것이어늘
For while they be folden together as thorns , and while they are drunken as drunkards , they shall be devoured as stubble fully dry .
11. 여호와께 악을 꾀하는 한 사람이 너희 중에서 나와서 사특한 것을 권하는도다
There is one come out of thee, that imagineth evil against the Lord , a wicked counsellor .
12. 여호와께서 말씀하시기를 그들이 비록 강장하고 중다할지라도 반드시 멸절을 당하리니 그가 없어지리라 내가 전에는 너를 괴롭게 하였으나 다시는 너를 괴롭게 하지 아니할 것이라
Thus saith the Lord ; Though they be quiet , and likewise many , yet thus shall they be cut down , when he shall pass through . Though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more.
13. 이제 네게 지운 그의 멍에를 내가 깨뜨리고 너의 결박을 끊으리라
For now will I break his yoke from off thee, and will burst thy bonds in sunder .
14. 나 여호와가 네게 대하여 명하였나니 네 이름이 다시는 전파되지 않을 것이라 내가 네 신들의 집에서 새긴 우상과 부은 우상을 멸절하며 네 무덤을 예비하리니 이는 네가 비루함이니라
And the Lord hath given a commandment concerning thee, that no more of thy name be sown : out of the house of thy gods will I cut off the graven image and the molten image : I will make thy grave ; for thou art vile .
15. 볼지어다 아름다운 소식을 보하고 화평을 전하는 자의 발이 산 위에 있도다 유다야 네 절기를 지키고 네 서원을 갚을지어다 악인이 진멸되었으니 그가 다시는 네 가운데로 통행하지 아니하리로다
Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings , that publisheth peace ! O Judah , keep thy solemn feasts , perform thy vows : for the wicked shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off .
■ 주석 보기
【나1:1 JFB】나1:1-15. Jehovah's Attributes as a Jealous Judge of Sin, Yet Merciful to His Trusting People, Should Inspire Them with Confidence. He WillNot Allow the Assyrians Again to Assail Them, but Will Destroy the Foe.
1. burden of Nineveh—the prophetic doom of Nineveh. Nahum prophesied against that city a hundred fifty years after Jonah.
【나1:1 CWC】Isaiah concludes his work at about the end of Hezekiah's reign, which synchronizes with the captivity of the ten tribes of Israel by the Assyrians. At this period of perplexity, to quote Angus: "When the overthrow of Samaria (the capital of Israel), must have suggested to Judah fears for her own safety, when Jerusalem (the capital of Judah), had been drained of its treasure by Hezekiah in the vain hope of turning the fury of the Assyrians from her, and when rumors of the conquest of a part of Egypt by the same great power added still more to the general dismay, Nahum was raised up by Jehovah to reveal His tenderness and power (1:1-8), to foretell the subversion of the Assyrians (1:9-12), the death of Sennacherib the Assyrian king and the deliverance of Hezekiah from his toils (1:10-15)." The name of the prophet means consolation.
After the consolatory introduction which covers the whole of chapter 1, the prophet predicts in detail, the destruction of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian empire. Properly to grasp Nahum, one needs to compare it with Jonah, of which it is a continuation and supplement. "The two prophecies form parts of the same moral history; the remission of God's judgments being illustrated in Jonah, and the execution of them in Nahum. The city had one denunciation more given a few years later, by Zephaniah (2:13), and shortly afterwards (606 B. C.), the whole were fulfilled."
【나1:1 MHCC】About a hundred years before, at Jonah's preaching, the Ninevites repented, and were spared, yet, soon after, they became worse than ever. Nineveh knows not that God who contends with her, but is told what a God he is. It is good for all to mix faith with what is here said concerning Him, which speaks great terror to the wicked, and comfort to believers. Let each take his portion from it: let sinners read it and tremble; and let saints read it and triumph. The anger of the Lord is contrasted with his goodness to his people. Perhaps they are obscure and little regarded in the world, but the Lord knows them. The Scripture character of Jehovah agrees not with the views of proud reasoners. The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ is slow to wrath and ready to forgive, but he will by no means acquit the wicked; and there is tribulation and anguish for every soul that doeth evil: but who duly regards the power of his wrath?
【나1:2 JFB】2. jealous—In this there is sternness, yet tender affection. We are jealous only of those we love: a husband, of a wife; a king, of his subjects' loyalty. God is jealous of men because He loves them. God will not bear a rival in His claims on them. His burning jealousy for His own wounded honor and their love, as much as His justice, accounts for all His fearful judgments: the flood, the destruction of Jerusalem, that of Nineveh. His jealousy will not admit of His friends being oppressed, and their enemies flourishing (compare 출20:5; 고전16:22; 고후11:2). Burning zeal enters into the idea in "jealous" here (compare 민25:11, 13; 왕상19:10).
the Lord revengeth … Lord revengeth—The repetition of the incommunicable name Jehovah, and of His revenging, gives an awful solemnity to the introduction.
furious—literally, "a master of fury." So a master of the tongue, that is, "eloquent." "One who, if He pleases, can most readily give effect to His fury" [Grotius]. Nahum has in view the provocation to fury given to God by the Assyrians, after having carried away the ten tribes, now proceeding to invade Judea under Hezekiah.
reserveth wrath for his enemies—reserves it against His own appointed time (벧후2:9). After long waiting for their repentance in vain, at length punishing them. A wrong estimate of Jehovah is formed from His suspending punishment: it is not that He is insensible or dilatory, but He reserves wrath for His own fit time. In the case of the penitent, He does not reserve or retain His anger (시103:9; 렘3:5, 12; 미7:18).
【나1:3 JFB】3. slow to anger, and great in power—that is, but great in power, so as to be able in a moment, if He pleases, to destroy the wicked. His long-suffering is not from want of power to punish (출34:6, 7).
not at all acquit—literally, "will not acquitting acquit," or treat as innocent.
Lord hath his way in the whirlwind—From this to 나1:5, inclusive, is a description of His power exhibited in the phenomena of nature, especially when He is wroth. His vengeance shall sweep away the Assyrian foe like a whirlwind (잠10:25).
clouds are the dust of his feet—Large as they are, He treads on them, as a man would on the small dust; He is Lord of the clouds, and uses them as He pleases.
【나1:4 JFB】4. rebuketh the sea—as Jesus did (마8:26), proving Himself God (compare 사50:2).
Bashan languisheth—through drought; ordinarily it was a region famed for its rich pasturage (compare Joe 1:10).
flower of Lebanon—its bloom; all that blooms so luxuriantly on Lebanon (호14:7). As Bashan was famed for its pastures, Carmel for its corn fields and vineyards, so Lebanon for its forests (사33:9). There is nothing in the world so blooming that God cannot change it when He is wroth.
【나1:5 JFB】5. earth is burned—so Grotius. Rather, "lifts itself," that is, "heaveth" [Maurer]: as the Hebrew is translated in 시89:9; 호13:1; compare 삼하5:21, Margin.
【나1:6 JFB】6. fury is poured out like fire—like the liquid fire poured out of volcanoes in all directions (see 렘7:20).
rocks are thrown down—or, "are burnt asunder"; the usual effect of volcanic fire (렘51:25, 56). As Hannibal burst asunder the Alpine rocks by fire to make a passage for his army [Grotius].
【나1:7 JFB】7. Here Nahum enters on his special subject, for which the previous verses have prepared the way, namely, to assure his people of safety in Jehovah under the impending attack of Sennacherib (나1:7), and to announce the doom of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian foe (나1:8). The contrast of 나1:7, 8 heightens the force.
he knoweth—recognizes as His own (호13:5; 암3:2); and so, cares for and guards (시1:6; 딤후2:19).
【나1:8 JFB】8. with an overrunning flood—that is, with irresistible might which overruns every barrier like a flood. This image is often applied to overwhelming armies of invaders. Also of calamity in general (시32:6; 42:7; 90:5). There is, perhaps, a special allusion to the mode of Nineveh's capture by the Medo-Babylonian army; namely, through a flood in the river which broke down the wall twenty furlongs (see on 나2:6; 사8:8; 단9:26; 11:10, 22, 40).
end of the place thereof—Nineveh is personified as a queen; and "her place" of residence (the Hebrew for "thereof" is feminine) is the city itself (나2:8), [Maurer]. Or, He shall so utterly destroy Nineveh that its place cannot be found; 나3:17 confirms this (compare 시37:36; 단2:35; 계12:8; 20:11).
darkness—the severest calamities.
【나1:9 JFB】9. What do ye imagine against the Lord?—abrupt address to the Assyrians. How mad is your attempt, O Assyrians, to resist so powerful a God! What can ye do against such an adversary, successful though ye have been against all other adversaries? Ye imagine ye have to do merely with mortals and with a weak people, and that so you will gain an easy victory; but you have to encounter God, the protector of His people. Parallel to 사37:23-29; compare 시1:1.
he will make an utter end—The utter overthrow of Sennacherib's host, soon about to take place, is an earnest of the "utter end" of Nineveh itself.
affliction shall not rise up the second time—Judah's "affliction" caused by the invasion shall never rise again. So 나1:12. But Calvin takes the "affliction" to be that of Assyria: "There will be no need of His inflicting on you a second blow: He will make an utter end of you once for all" (삼상3:12; 26:8; 삼하20:10). If so, this verse, in contrast to 나1:12, will express, Affliction shall visit the Assyrian no more, in a sense very different from that in which God will afflict Judah no more. In the Assyrian's case, because the blow will be fatally final; the latter, because God will make lasting blessedness in Judah's case succeed temporary chastisement. But it seems simpler to refer "affliction" here, as in 나1:12, to Judah; indeed destruction, rather than affliction, applies to the Assyrian.
【나1:9 MHCC】There is a great deal plotted against the Lord by the gates of hell, and against his kingdom in the world; but it will prove in vain. With some sinners God makes quick despatch; and one way or other, he will make an utter end of all his enemies. Though they are quiet, and many very secure, and not in fear, they shall be cut down as grass and corn, when the destroying angel passes through. God would hereby work great deliverance for his own people. But those who make themselves vile by scandalous sins, God will make vile by shameful punishments. The tidings of this great deliverance shall be welcomed with abundant joy. These words are applied to the great redemption wrought out by our Lord Jesus and the everlasting gospel, 롬10:15. Christ's ministers are messengers of good tidings, that preach peace by Jesus Christ. How welcome to those who see their misery and danger by sin! And the promise they made in the day of trouble must be made good. Let us be thankful for God's ordinances, and gladly attend them. Let us look forward with cheerful hope to a world where the wicked never can enter, and sin and temptation will no more be known.
【나1:10 JFB】10. while they are folden together as thorns—literally, "to the same degree as thorns" (compare 대상4:27, Margin). As thorns, so folded together and entangled that they cannot be loosed asunder without trouble, are thrown by the husbandmen all in a mass into the fire, so the Assyrians shall all be given together to destruction. Compare 삼하23:6, 7, where also "thorns" are the image of the wicked. As this image represents the speediness of their destruction in a mass, so that of "drunkards," their rushing as it were of their own accord into it; for drunkards fall down without any one pushing them [Kimchi]. Calvin explains, Although ye be dangerous to touch as thorns (that is, full of rage and violence), yet the Lord can easily consume you. But "although" will hardly apply to the next clause. English Version and Kimchi, therefore, are to be preferred. The comparison to drunkards is appropriate. For drunkards, though exulting and bold, are weak and easily thrown down by even a finger touching them. So the insolent self-confidence of the Assyrians shall precipitate their overthrow by God. The Hebrew is "soaked," or "drunken as with their own wine." Their drunken revelries are perhaps alluded to, during which the foe (according to Diodorus Siculus [2]) broke into their city, and Sardanapalus burned his palace; though the main and ultimate destruction of Nineveh referred to by Nahum was long subsequent to that under Sardanapalus.
【나1:11 JFB】11. The cause of Nineveh's overthrow: Sennacherib's plots against Judah.
come out of thee—O Nineveh. From thyself shall arise the source of thy own ruin. Thou shalt have only thyself to blame for it.
imagineth evil—Sennacherib carried out the imaginations of his countrymen (나1:9) against the Lord and His people (왕하19:22, 23).
a wicked counsellor—literally, "a counsellor of Belial." Belial means "without profit," worthless, and so bad (삼상25:25; 고후6:15).
【나1:12 JFB】12-14. The same truths repeated as in 나1:9-11, Jehovah here being the speaker. He addresses Judah, prophesying good to it, and evil to the Assyrian.
Though they be quiet—that is, without fear, and tranquilly secure. So Chaldee and Calvin. Or, "entire," "complete"; "Though their power be unbroken [Maurer], and though they be so many, yet even so they shall be cut down" (literally, "shorn"; as hair shaved off closely by a razor,사7:20). As the Assyrian was a razor shaving others, so shall he be shaven himself. Retribution in kind. In the height of their pride and power, they shall be clean cut off. The same Hebrew stands for "likewise" and "yet thus." So many as they are, so many shall they perish.
when he shall pass through—or, "and he shall pass away," namely, "the wicked counsellor" (나1:11), Sennacherib. The change of number to the singular distinguishes him from his host. They shall be cut down, he shall pass away home (왕하19:35, 36) [Henderson]. English Version is better, "they shall be cut down, "when" He (Jehovah) shall pass through," destroying by one stroke the Assyrian host. This gives the reason why they with all their numbers and power are to be so utterly cut off. Compare "pass through," that is, in destroying power (겔12:12, 23; 사8:8; 단11:10).
Though I have afflicted thee—Judah, "I will afflict thee no more" (사40:1, 2; 52:1, 2). The contrast is between "they," the Assyrians, and "thee," Judah. Their punishment is fatal and final. Judah's was temporary and corrective.
【나1:13 JFB】13. will I break his yoke—the Assyrian's yoke, namely, the tribute imposed by Sennacherib on Hezekiah (왕하18:14).
from off thee—O Judah (사10:27).
【나1:14 JFB】14. that no more of thy name be sown—that no more of thy seed, bearing thy name, as kings of Nineveh, be propagated; that thy dynasty become extinct, namely, on the destruction of Nineveh here foretold; "thee" means the king of Assyria.
will I cut off … graven image—The Medes under Cyaxares, the joint destroyers of Nineveh with the Babylonians, hated idolatry, and would delight in destroying its idols. As the Assyrians had treated the gods of other nations, so their own should be treated (왕하19:18). The Assyrian palaces partook of a sacred character [Layard]; so that "house of thy gods" may refer to the palace. At Khorsabad there is remaining a representation of a man cutting an idol to pieces.
I will make thy grave—rather, "I will make it (namely, 'the house of thy gods,' that is, 'Nisroch') thy grave" (왕하19:37; 사37:38). Thus, by Sennacherib's being slain in it, Nisroch's house should be defiled. Neither thy gods, nor thy temple, shall save thee; but the latter shall be thy sepulchre.
thou art vile—or, thou art lighter than due weight (단5:27; compare 욥31:6) [Maurer].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.