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■ 고린도후서 10장
1. 너희를 대하여 대면하면 겸비하고 떠나 있으면 담대한 나 바울은 이제 그리스도의 온유와 관용으로 친히 너희를 권하고
Now I Paul myself beseech you by the meekness and gentleness of Christ , who in presence am base among you , but being absent am bold toward you :
2. 또한 우리를 육체대로 행하는 자로 여기는 자들을 대하여 내가 담대히 대하려는 것 같이 너희와 함께 있을 때에 나로 하여금 이 담대한 태도로 대하지 않게 하기를 구하노라
But I beseech you, that I may not be bold when I am present with that confidence , wherewith I think to be bold against some , which think of us as if we walked according to the flesh .
3. 우리가 육체에 있어 행하나 육체대로 싸우지 아니하노니
For though we walk in the flesh , we do not war after the flesh :
4. 우리의 싸우는 병기는 육체에 속한 것이 아니요 오직 하나님 앞에서 견고한 진을 파하는 강력이라
(For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal , but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds ;)
5. 모든 이론을 파하며 하나님 아는 것을 대적하여 높아진 것을 다 파하고 모든 생각을 사로잡아 그리스도에게 복종케 하니
Casting down imaginations , and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God , and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ ;
6. 너희의 복종이 온전히 될 때에 모든 복종치 않는 것을 벌하려고 예비하는 중에 있노라
And having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience , when your obedience is fulfilled .
7. 너희는 외모만 보는도다 만일 사람이 자기가 그리스도에게 속한 줄을 믿을진대 자기가 그리스도에게 속한 것 같이 우리도 그러한 줄을 자기 속으로 다시 생각할 것이라
Do ye look on things after the outward appearance ? If any man trust to himself that he is Christ’s , let him of himself think this again , that , as he is Christ’s , even so are we Christ’s .
8. 주께서 주신 권세는 너희를 파하려고 하신 것이 아니요 세우려고 하신 것이니 내가 이에 대하여 지나치게 자랑하여도 부끄럽지 아니하리라
For though I should boast somewhat more of our authority , which the Lord hath given us for edification , and not for your destruction , I should not be ashamed :
9. 이는 내가 편지들로 너희를 놀라게 하려는 것 같이 생각지 않게 함이니
That I may not seem as if I would terrify you by letters .
10. 저희 말이 그 편지들은 중하고 힘이 있으나 그 몸으로 대할 때는 약하고 말이 시원치 않다 하니
For his letters , say they , are weighty and powerful ; but his bodily presence is weak , and his speech contemptible .
11. 이런 사람은 우리가 떠나 있을 때에 편지들로 말하는 자가 어떠한 자이면 함께 있을 때에 행하는 자도 그와 같은 자인 줄 알라
Let such an one think this , that , such as we are in word by letters when we are absent , such will we be also in deed when we are present .
12. 우리가 어떤 자기를 칭찬하는 자로 더불어 감히 짝하며 비교할 수 없노라 그러나 저희가 자기로서 자기를 헤아리고 자기로서 자기를 비교하니 지혜가 없도다
For we dare not make ourselves of the number , or compare ourselves with some that commend themselves : but they measuring themselves by themselves , and comparing themselves among themselves , are not wise .
13. 그러나 우리는 분량밖의 자랑을 하지 않고 오직 하나님이 우리에게 분량으로 나눠 주신 그 분량의 한계를 따라 하노니 곧 너희에게까지 이른 것이라
But we will not boast of things without our measure , but according to the measure of the rule which God hath distributed to us , a measure to reach even unto you .
14. 우리가 너희에게 미치지 못할 자로서 스스로 지나쳐 나아간 것이 아니요 그리스도의 복음으로 너희에게까지 이른 것이라
For we stretch not ourselves beyond our measure, as though we reached not unto you : for we are come as far as to you also in preaching the gospel of Christ :
15. 우리는 남의 수고를 가지고 분량밖의 자랑하는 것이 아니라 오직 너희 믿음이 더 할수록 우리의 한계를 따라 너희 가운데서 더욱 위대하여지기를 바라노라
Not boasting of things without our measure , that is, of other men’s labours ; but having hope , when your faith is increased , that we shall be enlarged by you according to our rule abundantly ,
16. 이는 남의 한계 안에 예비한 것으로 자랑하지 아니하고 너희 지경을 넘어 복음을 전하려 함이라
To preach the gospel in the regions beyond you , and not to boast in another man’s line of things made ready to our hand .
17. 자랑하는 자는 주 안에서 자랑할지니라
But he that glorieth , let him glory in the Lord .
18. 옳다 인정함을 받는 자는 자기를 칭찬하는 자가 아니요 오직 주께서 칭찬하시는 자니라
For not he that commendeth himself is approved , but whom the Lord commendeth .
■ 주석 보기
【고후10:1 JFB】고후10:1-18. He Vindicates His Apostolic Authority against Those Who Depreciated Him for His Personal Appearance. He Will Make His Power Felt When He Comes. He Boasts Not, as They, Beyond His Measure.
1. I Paul myself—no longer "we," "us," "our" (고후9:11): I who am represented by depreciators as "base," I, the same Paul, of my own accord "beseech you"; or rather "entreat," "exhort" you for your sake. As "I beseech you" (a distinct Greek verb, 고후10:2) for my sake.
by the meekness and gentleness of Christ—He mentions these graces of Christ especially (시18:35; 마11:29), as on account of his imitation of them in particular he was despised [Grotius]. He entreats them by these, in order to show that though he must have recourse to more severe measures, he is naturally inclined to gentle ones after Christ's example [Menochius]. "Meekness" is more in the mind internally; "gentleness" in the external behavior, and in relation to others; for instance, the condescending yieldingness of a superior to an inferior, the former not insisting on his strict rights [Trench]. Bengel explains it, "By the meekness and gentleness derived by me from Christ," not from my own nature: he objects to understanding it of Christ's meekness and gentleness, since nowhere else is "gentleness" attributed to Him. But though the exact Greek word is not applied to Him, the idea expressed by it is (compare 사40:11; 마12:19, 20).
in presence—in personal appearance when present with you.
base—Greek, "lowly"; timid, humbly diffident: opposed to "bold." "Am" stands here by ironical concession for "am reputed to be" (compare 고후10:10).
【고후10:1 CWC】At this point Paul begins his personal defence which concludes the epistle. And here we perceive more particularly that interchange of gravity and irony to which reference has been made, and which causes these chapters to be so difficult of explanation.
The apostle's critics had reflected on his personal appearance (10:1, 7, 10); on what they were pleased to consider his carnality (v. 3); his lack of eloquence (11:5) and his lack of dignity (11:7-10). We shall find it inconvenient to deal with these subjects otherwise than as they come before us in the chapters.
Chapter 10. They said that in their presence he was "base" or "lowly," but that absent he was bold as indicated in his letters (v. 1). He besought them therefore, to heed his words that he might not have occasion to be "bold" against them when he was present (v. 2). He had particular reference to some who regarded him as walking "according to the flesh." They would see that any spiritual weakness in his conduct did not show itself in the weapons or results of his spiritual conflicts with the enemies of the truth (vv. 3-6).
They were looking on the outward appearance, despising him and conceitedly claiming some special relationship to Christ for themselves. He meets this by a presentation of his true claims, as to which he might go further without idle boasting and justify any expressions of apostolic power in his letters (vv. 7-11). In proof of this he appeals to facts including his work among them in Corinth (vv. 12-14), and delicately intimates that when the present trouble was at an end, they would assist him to extend his ministry further (vv. 15-18). (Cf. 롬1:10; 15:28).
Chapter 11. His pleadings continue because of his love for them and his fear of their beguilement. They were tolerating those who were preaching another gospel to them, and surely they might bear with him, since he was in no respect inferior to those "over-much" apostles (vv. 1-6). Verse 2 is very interesting. For an explanation of "a godly jealousy" see 출20:5, and 수24:19. For "one husband" and "chaste virgin" see 고전1:12. The espousal in this case took place when they were converted to Christ, the presentation will take place when He comes again. Verse 3 is interesting from another point of view, since it shows that Paul regards the fall (Genesis 3) as historical. Note also that the tempter did not propose to take Eve's allegiance away from God entirely, but only to corrupt her faith, which was enough. At this point he refers to their assumed contempt because he had not demanded pay from them, explaining the reasons for his conduct (vv. 7-12), plainly characterizing the "false apostles" (vv. 13-15). They have compelled him to boast (vv. 16-33) for which he apologizes. Verses 23-27 reveal a life of hardship far beyond anything told of Paul in the Acts. Verse 19 is ironical.
Chapter 12. Here we come to "visions and revelations" vouchsafed to him. In these there could be no self-commendation, but only that of a man in Christ lifted out of his own individuality, and thought worthy of such grace on account of being in Christ. His only object in boasting of such an one was to bear witness to the supernatural life he was living and that such glorious things had been granted him. In behalf of himself he would boast only in his infirmities (vv. 1-6). -- Lange. Verses 7-10 are self-explanatory except as to the nature of the "thorn in the flesh." It has been spoken of as "chronic ophthalmia, inducing bodily weakness and a repulsive appearance" (갈4:15), but no one knows what it was. The Corinthians should not have made it necessary for him thus to speak of himself; they should have spoken on his behalf (v. 11), for the signs of an apostle were wrought by him among them (vv. 12, 13). The insinuation about his having ministered to them without monetary gain is once more referred to, in order to say that he will continue to do so. He is their parent, and parents lay up for the children (vv. 14, 15). Those he had sent to them had followed his example in this respect (vv. 16-18). The church, however, must not suppose that in what he was saying he was excusing himself to them. On the contrary he was doing all things for their edifying (v. 19), and in the hope that when he visited them the third time, it might not be with a rebuke and with sorrow because of their sin (vv. 20, 21).
Chapter 13. He emphasizes the rebuke and chastening that await some on his third coming if they do not repent (vv. 1-10), closing with an exhortation (v. 11), salutation (vv. 12, 13) and benediction (v. 14).
【고후10:1 MHCC】While others thought meanly, and spake scornfully of the apostle, he had low thoughts, and spake humbly of himself. We should be aware of our own infirmities, and think humbly of ourselves, even when men reproach us. The work of the ministry is a spiritual warfare with spiritual enemies, and for spiritual purposes. Outward force is not the method of the gospel, but strong persuasions, by the power of truth and the meekness of wisdom. Conscience is accountable to God only; and people must be persuaded to God and their duty, not driven by force. Thus the weapons of our warfare are very powerful; the evidence of truth is convincing. What opposition is made against the gospel, by the powers of sin and Satan in the hearts of men! But observe the conquest the word of God gains. The appointed means, however feeble they appear to some, will be mighty through God. And the preaching of the cross, by men of faith and prayer, has always been fatal to idolatry, impiety, and wickedness.
【고후10:2 JFB】2. I beseech you—Intimating that, as he can beseech in letters, so he can be severe in their presence.
that I may not be—that I may not have to be bold, &c.
with that confidence—that authoritative sternness.
I think—I am minded to be.
as if we walked according to the flesh—His Corinthian detractors judged of him by themselves, as if he were influenced by fleshly motives, the desire of favor or fear of giving offense, so as not to exercise his authority when present.
【고후10:3 JFB】3. For—Reason why they should regard him "beseeching" them (고후10:2) not to oblige him to have recourse to "bold" and stern exercise of authority. "We walk IN the flesh," and so in weakness: but not "ACCORDING TO the flesh" (고후10:2). Moreover, though we WALK in it, we do not WAR according to it. A double contrast or antithesis. "They who accuse us of walking after the flesh, shall find [to their cost] that we do not war after the flesh; therefore compel us not to use our weapons" [Alford].
【고후10:4 JFB】4. A confutation of those who try to propagate their creed by force and persecution (compare Lu 9:54-56).
weapons—for punishing offending members (고후10:6; 고전4:21; 5:5, 13); boldness of speech, ecclesiastical discipline (고후10:8; 고후13:10), the power of the word, and of the sacraments, the various extraordinary gifts of the Spirit.
carnal—Translate, "fleshly," to preserve the allusion to 고후10:2, 3.
mighty through God—Greek, "mighty to God," that is, mighty before God: not humanly, but divinely powerful. The power is not ours, but God's. Compare "fair to God," that is, divinely fair (행7:20, Margin). Also above (고후2:15), "unto God a sweet savor." "The efficacy of the Christian religion proves its truth" [Bengel].
pulling down—As the Greek is the same as in 고후10:5, translate, "casting down." Compare 렘1:10: the inspired servants of God inherit the commission of the Old Testament prophets.
strongholds—(잠21:22); namely, in which sinners entrench themselves against reproof; all that opposes itself to Christ; the learning, and eloquence, and philosophical subtleties on which the Corinthians prided themselves. So Joshua's trumpet blast was "mighty" under God to overthrow the walls of Jericho.
【고후10:5 JFB】5. imaginations—rather, "reasonings." Whereas "thought" expresses men's own purpose and determination of living after their own pleasure [Tittmann].
high thing—So it ought to be translated (롬8:39). A distinct Greek word from that in 엡3:18, "height," and 계21:16, which belongs to God and heaven from whence we receive nothing hurtful. But "high thing" is not so much "height" as something made high, and belongs to those regions of air where the powers of darkness ::exalt themselves" against Christ and us (엡2:2; 6:12; 살후2:4).
exalteth itself—살후2:4 supports English Version rather than the translation of Ellicott, &c., "is lifted up." Such were the high towers of Judaic self-righteousness, philosophic speculations, and rhetorical sophistries, the "knowledge" so much prized by many (opposed to "the knowledge of God"), which endangered a section of the Corinthian Church.
against the knowledge of God—True knowledge makes men humble. Where there is exaltation of self, there knowledge of God is wanting [Bengel]. Arrange the words following thus: "Bringing every thought (that is, intent of the mind or will) into captivity to the obedience of Christ," that is, to obey Christ. The three steps of the apostle's spiritual warfare are: (1) It demolishes what is opposed to Christ; (2) It leads captive; (3) It brings into obedience to Christ (롬1:5; 16:26). The "reasonings" (English Version, "imaginations") are utterly "cast down." The "mental intents" (English Version, "thoughts") are taken willing captives, and tender the voluntary obedience of faith to Christ the Conqueror.
【고후10:6 JFB】6. Translate, "Having ourselves (that is, being) in readiness to exact punishment for all disobedience," &c. We have this in store for the disobedient: it will be brought into action in due time.
when your obedience, &c.—He charitably assumes that most of the Corinthian Church will act obediently; therefore he says "YOUR obedience." But perhaps some will act otherwise; in order, therefore, to give all an opportunity of joining the obedient, he will not prematurely exact punishment, but wait until the full number of those gathered out to Christ has been "completed," and the remainder have been proved incorrigible. He had acted already so at Corinth (행18:6-11; compare 출32:34; 마13:28-30).
【고후10:7 JFB】7. Do ye regard mere outward appearance (mere external recommendations, personal appearance, voice, manner, oratory of teachers present face to face, such as they admired in the false teachers to the disparagement of Paul, 고후10:10; see on 고후5:12)? Even in outward bearing when I shall be present with you (in contrast to "by letters," 고후10:9) I will show that I am more really armed with the authority of Christ, than those who arrogate to themselves the title of being peculiarly "Christ's" (고전1:12). A Jewish emissary seems to have led this party.
let him of himself think this again—He may "of himself," without needing to be taught it in a more severe manner, by "thinking again," arrive at "this" conclusion, "that even as," &c. Paul modestly demands for himself only an equal place with those whom he had begotten in the Gospel [Bengel].
【고후10:7 MHCC】In outward appearance, Paul was mean and despised in the eyes of some, but this was a false rule to judge by. We must not think that none outward appearance, as if the want of such things proved a man not to be a real Christian, or an able, faithful minister of the lowly Saviour.
【고후10:8 JFB】8. "For even if I were to boast somewhat more exceedingly (than I do, 고후10:3-6) of our (apostolic) authority (고후10:6; 고후13:10) … I should not be put to shame (by the fact; as I should be if my authority proved to be without foundation: my threats of punishment not being carried into effect)."
for edification … not for … destruction—Greek, "for building up … not for … CASTING DOWN" (the same Greek as in 고후10:5): the image of a building as in 고후10:4, 5. Though we "cast down reasonings," this is not in order to destroy, but really to build up ("edify"), by removing those things which are hindrances to edification, and testing what is unsound, and putting together all that is true in the building [Chrysostom].
【고후10:9 JFB】9. I say this lest I should seem to be terrifying you, as children, with empty threats [Bengel]. Estius explains, "I might boast more of my authority, but I forbear to do so, that I may not seem as if," &c. But this ellipsis is harsh: and 고후10:10, 11 confirm Bengel's view.
【고후10:10 JFB】10. letters—implying that there had been already more letters of Paul received by the Corinthians than the one we have, namely, First Corinthians; and that they contained strong reproofs.
say they—Greek, "says one," "such a one" (고후10:11) seems to point to some definite individual. Compare 갈5:10; a similar slanderer was in the Galatian Church.
weak—(고후12:7; 고전2:3). There was nothing of majesty or authority in his manner; he bore himself tremblingly among them, whereas the false teachers spoke with authoritative bearing and language.
【고후10:11 JFB】11. think this—"consider this."
such will we be—or "are," in general, not merely shall we be at our next visit.
【고후10:12 JFB】12. "We do not presume (irony) to judge ourselves among, or in comparison with, some of them that commend themselves." The charge falsely brought against him of commending himself (고후3:1; 5:12), really holds good of the false teachers. The phrase, "judge ourselves of the number," is drawn from the testing of athletes and senators, the "approved" being set down on the roll [Wahl].
measuring themselves by themselves—"among themselves": to correspond to the previous verb, "judge ourselves among them." Instead of measuring themselves by the public standard, they measure themselves by one made by themselves: they do not compare themselves with others who excel them, but with those like themselves: hence their high self-esteem. The one-eyed is easily king among the blind.
are not wise—with all their boasted "wisdom" (고전1:19-26), they are anything but "wise."
【고후10:12 MHCC】If we would compare ourselves with others who excel us, this would be a good method to keep us humble. The apostle fixes a good rule for his conduct; namely, not to boast of things without his measure, which was the measure God had distributed to him. There is not a more fruitful source of error, than to judge of persons and opinions by our own prejudices. How common is it for persons to judge of their own religious character, by the opinions and maxims of the world around them! But how different is the rule of God's word! And of all flattery, self-flattery is the worst. Therefore, instead of praising ourselves, we should strive to approve ourselves to God. In a word, let us glory in the Lord our salvation, and in all other things only as evidences of his love, or means of promoting his glory. Instead of praising ourselves, or seeking the praise of men, let us desire that honour which cometh from God only.
【고후10:13 JFB】13. not boast … without … measure—Greek, "to unmeasured bounds." There is no limit to a man's high opinion of himself, so long as he measures himself by himself (고후10:13) and his fellows, and does not compare himself with his superiors. It marks the personal character of this Epistle that the word "boast" occurs twenty-nine times in it, and only twenty-six times in all the other Epistles put together. Undeterred by the charge of vanity, he felt he must vindicate his apostolic authority by facts [Conybeare and Howson]. It would be to "boast of things without our measure," were we to boast of conversions made by "other men's labors" (고후10:15).
distributed—apportioned [Alford].
a measure—as a measure [Alford].
to reach—"that we should reach as far as even to you": not that he meant to go no further (고후10:16; 롬15:20-24). Paul's "measure" is the apportionment of his sphere of Gospel labors ruled for him by God. A "rule" among the so-called "apostolic canons" subsequently was, that no bishop should appoint ministers beyond his own limits. At Corinth no minister ought to have been received without Paul's sanction, as Corinth was apportioned to him by God as his apostolic sphere. The Epistle here incidentally, and therefore undesignedly, confirms the independent history, the Acts, which represents Corinth as the extreme limit as yet of his preaching, at which he had stopped, after he had from Philippi passed southward successively through Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessalonica, Berea, and Athens [Paley, Horæ Paulinæ].
【고후10:14 JFB】14. "We are not stretching ourselves beyond our measure, as (we should be) if we did not reach unto you: (but we do), for as far as even to you have we come in preaching the Gospel."
【고후10:15 JFB】15. "Not boasting to unmeasured bounds (that is, not exceeding our own bounds by boasting) of (literally, 'in') other men's labors."
when—"As your faith goes on increasing." The cause of his not yet reaching with the Gospel the regions beyond Corinth, was the weakness as yet of their faith. He desired not to leave the Corinthians before the proper time, and yet not to put off preaching to others too long.
enlarged by you—Greek, "in your case." Our success in your case will give us an important step towards further progress beyond you (고후10:16).
according to our rule—according to our divinely assigned apportionment of the area or sphere of our work; for "we stretch not ourselves beyond our measure" (고후10:14).
abundantly—Greek, "unto exceeding abundance": so as to exceed the limits we have yet reached (고후10:16).
【고후10:16 JFB】16. To—that is, so as to preach … beyond you (and) not to boast, &c.
in another man's line of things made ready to our hand—Do not connect "line of things," &c.; but "boast of things," &c. To make this clearer, arrange the words thus, "Not to boast as to things (already made by the preaching of others) ready to our hand in another man's line (that is, within the line, or sphere of labor, apportioned by God to another)."
【고후10:17 JFB】17. glorieth—Translate, to accord with 고후10:16, "boasteth." In contrast to his opponents' practice of boasting in another's line or sphere, Paul declares the only true boasting is in the Lord (고전1:31; 15:10).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.