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■ 요한계시록 18장
1. 이 일 후에 다른 천사가 하늘에서 내려오는 것을 보니 큰 권세를 가졌는데 그의 영광으로 땅이 환하여지더라
And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven , having great power ; and the earth was lightened with his glory .
2. 힘센 음성으로 외쳐 가로되 무너졌도자 무너졌도다 큰 성 바벨론이여 귀신의 처소와 각종 더러운 영의 모이는 곳과 각종 더럽고 가증한 새의 모이는 곳이 되었도다
And he cried mightily with a strong voice , saying , Babylon the great is fallen , is fallen , and is become the habitation of devils , and the hold of every foul spirit , and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird .
3. 그 음행의 진노의 포도주를 인하여 만국이 무너졌으며 또 땅의 왕들이 그로 더불어 음행하였으며 땅의 상고들도 그 사치의 세력을 인하여 치부하였도다 하더라
For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication , and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her , and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies .
4. 또 내가 들으니 하늘로서 다른 음성이 나서 가로되 내 백성아, 거기서 나와 그의 죄에 참예하지 말고 그의 받을 재앙들을 받지 말라
And I heard another voice from heaven , saying , Come out of her , my people , that ye be not partakers of her sins , and that ye receive not of her plagues .
5. 그 죄는 하늘에 사무쳤으며 하나님은 그의 불의한 일을 기억하신지라
For her sins have reached unto heaven , and God hath remembered her iniquities .
6. 그가 준 그대로 그에게 주고 그의 행위대로 갑절을 갚아주고 그의 섞은 잔에도 갑절이나 섞어 그에게 주라
Reward her even as she rewarded you , and double unto her double according to her works : in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double .
7. 그가 어떻게 자기를 영화롭게 하였으며 사치하였든지 그만큼 고난과 애통으로 갚아 주라 그가 마음에 말하기를 나는 여황으로 앉은 자요 과부가 아니라 결단코 애통을 당하지 아니하리라 하니
How much she hath glorified herself , and lived deliciously , so much torment and sorrow give her : for she saith in her heart , I sit a queen , and am no widow , and shall see no sorrow .
8. 그러므로 하루 동안에 그 재앙들이 이르리니 곧 사망과 애통과 흉년이라 그가 또한 불에 살라지리니 그를 심판하신 주 하나님은 강하신 자이심이니라
Therefore shall her plagues come in one day , death , and mourning , and famine ; and she shall be utterly burned with fire : for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her .
9. 그와 함께 음행하고 사치하던 땅의 왕들이 그 불붙는 연기를 보고 위하여 울고 가슴을 치며
And the kings of the earth , who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her , shall bewail her , and lament for her , when they shall see the smoke of her burning ,
10. 그 고난을 무서워하여 멀리 서서 가로되 화 있도다 화 있도다 큰 성, 견고한 성 바벨론이여 일시간에 네 심판이 이르렀다 하리로다
Standing afar off for the fear of her torment , saying , Alas , alas , that great city Babylon , that mighty city ! for in one hour is thy judgment come .
11. 땅의 상고들이 그를 위하여 울고 애통하는 것은 다시 그 상품을 사는 자가 없음이라
And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her ; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more :
12. 그 상품은 금과 은과 보석과 진주와 세마포와 자주 옷감과 비단과 붉은 옷감이요 각종 향목과 각종 상아 기명이요 값진 나무와 진유와 철과 옥석으로 만든 각종 기명이요
The merchandise of gold , and silver , and precious stones , and of pearls , and fine linen , and purple , and silk , and scarlet , and all thyine wood , and all manner vessels of ivory , and all manner vessels of most precious wood , and of brass , and iron , and marble ,
13. 계피와 향료와 향과 향유와 유향과 포도주와 감람유와 고운 밀가루와 밀과 소와 양과 말과 수레와 종들과 사람의 영혼들이라
And cinnamon , and odours , and ointments , and frankincense , and wine , and oil , and fine flour , and wheat , and beasts , and sheep , and horses , and chariots , and slaves , and souls of men .
14. 바벨론아 네 영혼의 탐하던 과실이 네게서 떠났으며 맛있는 것들과 빛난 것들이 다 없어졌으니 사람들이 결코 이것들을 다시 보지 못하리로다
And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee , and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee , and thou shalt find them no more at all .
15. 바벨론을 인하여 치부한 이 상품의 상고들이 그 고난을 무서워하여 멀리 서서 울고 애통하여
The merchants of these things , which were made rich by her , shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment , weeping and wailing ,
16. 가로되 화 있도다 화 있도다 큰 성이여 세마포와 자주와 붉은 옷을 입고 금과 보석과 진주로 꾸민 것인데
And saying , Alas , alas , that great city , that was clothed in fine linen , and purple , and scarlet , and decked with gold , and precious stones , and pearls !
17. 그러한 부가 일시간에 망하였도다 각 선장과 각처를 다니는 선객들과 선인들과 바다에서 일하는 자들이 멀리 서서
For in one hour so great riches is come to nought . And every shipmaster , and all the company in ships , and sailors , and as many as trade by sea , stood afar off ,
18. 그 불붙는 연기를 보고 외쳐 가로되 이 큰 성과 같은 성이 어디 있느뇨 하며
And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning , saying , What city is like unto this great city !
19. 티끌을 자기 머리에 뿌리고 울고 애통하여 외쳐 가로되 화 있도다 화 있도다 이 큰 성이여 바다에서 배 부리는 모든 자들이 너의 보배로운 상품을 인하여 치부하였더니 일시간에 망하였도다
And they cast dust on their heads , and cried , weeping and wailing , saying , Alas , alas , that great city , wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness ! for in one hour is she made desolate .
20. 하늘과 성도들과 사도들과 선지자들아 그를 인하여 즐거워하라 하나님이 너희를 신원하시는 심판을 그에게 하셨음이라 하더라
Rejoice over her , thou heaven , and ye holy apostles and prophets ; for God hath avenged you on her .
21. 이에 한 힘센 천사가 큰 맷돌 같은 돌을 들어 바다에 던져 가로되 큰 성 바벨론이 이같이 몹시 떨어져 결코 다시 보이지 아니하리로다
And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone , and cast it into the sea , saying , Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down , and shall be found no more at all .
22. 또 거문고 타는 자와 풍류하는 자와 퉁소 부는 자와 나팔 부는 자들의 소리가 결코 다시 네 가운데서 들리지 아니하고 물론 어떠한 세공업자든지 결코 다시 네 가운데서 보이지 아니하고 또 맷돌 소리가 다시 네 가운데서 들리지 아니하고
And the voice of harpers , and musicians , and of pipers , and trumpeters , shall be heard no more at all in thee ; and no craftsman , of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee ; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee ;
23. 등불 빛이 결코 다시 네 가운데서 비취지 아니하고 신랑과 신부의 음성이 결코 다시 네 가운데서 들리지 아니하리로다 너의 상고들은 땅의 왕족들이라 네 복술을 인하여 만국이 미혹되었도다
And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee ; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee : for thy merchants were the great men of the earth ; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived .
24. 선지자들과 성도들과 및 땅 위에서 죽임을 당한 모든 자의 피가 이 성중에서 보였느니라 하더라
And in her was found the blood of prophets , and of saints , and of all that were slain upon the earth .
■ 주석 보기
【계18:1 JFB】계18:1-24. Babylon's Fall: God's People Called Out of Her: The Kings and Merchants of the Earth Mourn, While the Saints Rejoice at Her Fall.
1. And—so Vulgate and Andreas. But A, B, Syriac, and Coptic omit "And."
power—Greek, "authority."
lightened—"illumined."
with—Greek, "owing to."
【계18:1 CWC】[THE SEVEN DOOMS]
The seven dooms are those of Babylon, the beast, the false prophet, the kings, the dragon, Gog, and the dead. This lesson will be limited to chapters 17 and 18, both of which speak of Babylon but in different ways, and to understand which, it is necessary to keep in mind that every city may be conceived of from two points of view, material and moral. The streets and parks, the buildings, the docks and market places, these are Chicago; but her politics and government, her commerce and industry, her educational and religious systems, these things which have made her what she is, constitute Chicagoism. The one is the city materially, and the other the city morally considered. This distinction is seen in Babylon and Babylonianism; chapter 15:3 revealing the doom of the city material, and chapter 17 that of the city moral.
1. Introduction (The Harlot and the Beast) 17.
The "Harlot" is Babylon from the moral side, i. e., Babylonianism, or in other words, the summing up in that figure of the prevailing worldly systems that enter into the final federation of the Gentile nations. The "waters" represent those nations, cf. verses 1 and 18. The "beast" we have already identified as the federated Roman Empire, though sometimes the personal head of that empire himself, verses 3 and 8. The "mystery" is interpreted in the sense that the nations contribute to the supremacy of the "harlot," i. e., to Babylonianism, and benefit by it, and yet do not recognize it. "Drunken" is explained by the circumstance that the latitudinarianism, the breadth, the laxness of Babylonianism tolerates all schools and theories of religion inimical to God and the Bible like Romanism, Mohammedanism, Hinduism, &c., which have shed the blood of the saints in all the centuries. The "seven mountains" are related to the woman as the "seven heads" are to the beast, i. e., the systems of authority or power, the politics, government, commerce, industry, education, religion, etc., making the one totality. The "seven kings" is explained by Newton by the remark that God has allowed "executive power" in the prophetic earth to be exhibited in seven different forms, although there will be yet an eighth form before the end comes. By the "prophetic earth" is meant the nations clustering around the Mediterranean which, with their allies and dependencies, constitute the Roman Empire of the Caesars, and will constitute the federation at the end under the "beast." The history of this "executive power" commenced with Nimrod and concludes with the "beast," both of whom stand connected with Babel or Babylon. The whole of these seven forms of "executive power" include, "the native Monarchy of Nimrod, the theocracy of Israel, the despotism of Nebuchadnezzar; the aristocracy of Persia, the military monarchy of Alexander, the empire of the Caesars, and the constitutional monarchies of modern Europe. The sixth, that of the Caesars, was existent when this revelation was given ("one is," verse 11), the seventh is now in vogue, and the eighth (verse ii) will be that of the "beast." The teaching of verses 16 and 17 seems to be that the kings reigning over the ten kingdoms that will form the federation at the end, will find "Babylonianism," i. e., the systems which control in their several kingdoms, to be a hard yoke upon them, especially so as these systems increase in influence with the increase of democracy which is always hateful to kings. It is to be rid of "Babylonianism" that they temporarily unite to "give their power and strength unto the "beast." As Newton says, "Gladly will they take refuge under the arm of one whom Satan strengthens for dominion, and join in destroying a system which has really made them its slaves." The system of Babylon will be destroyed (chapter 17), but the city itself with all its wealth of greatness will for a time continue, (chapter 18), the "beast" reigning over it until the hour of its dooms and his doom shall come together.
2. Progression (18), the Doom of the Material City.
But a pause should be made here to prove the application to a literal city of Babylon rebuilt on the plain of Shinar. This is necessary when so respected an authority as the Scofield Bible says, "The notion of a literal Babylon to be rebuilt on the site of ancient Babylon is in conflict with 사13:19-22." Those who have studied that chapter in this commentary will have seen reasons for the opposite view. The language of Isaiah chapters n and 14 seems to demand the rebuilding of Babylon for their fulfillment. But the reason the Scofield Bible holds this view, IS partly explained by its interpretation of the preceding chapter. "Two Babylons are to be distinguished in the Revelation," it says, "ecclesiastical Babylon which is apostate Christendom, headed up under the papacy; and political Babylon, which is the beast's confederated empire, the last form of Gentile world-dominion. Ecclesiastical Babylon is 'the greatest harlot' and is destroyed by political Babylon." This commentary agrees that two Babylons are to be distinguished, and that the Babylon of chapter 17 is "apostate Christendom." But it holds that "apostate Christendom" includes Protestantism as well as the papacy, and is in fact, the sum of the seven systems already indicated, one of which is ecclesiastical. It may be that ere the "beast" comes into power, Protestantism will become effaced and the papacy be the only ecclesiastical system to be reckoned with, but as to this we have no light. "The language of Revelation 18," the Scofield Bible goes on to say, "seems beyond question to identify 'Babylon' the 'city' with 'Babylon' the ecclesiastical centre, viz: Rome"; but we do not see it that way, and are inclined to agree with another, that there will be "a certain logical conclusion of the history of the times of the Gentiles. The civilization and culture of the world will again become atheistic and man centered, and having described a circle, its cradle (Babylon) will become its grave."
In the study of chapter 18 one is impressed with the large place commerce is to hold in the greatness of that city. The merchants and ship masters are her chief mourners (compare 슥5:5-11).
【계18:1 MHCC】The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of God. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be Christ himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his gospel through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true God, and set up idols, and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect mercy from God, that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. God may have a people even in Babylon. But God's people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)
【계18:2 JFB】2. mightily … strong—not supported by manuscripts. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "with (literally, 'in') a mighty voice."
is fallen, is fallen—so A, Vulgate, Syriac, and Andreas. But B and Coptic omit the second "is fallen" (사21:9; 렘51:8). This phrase is here prophetical of her fall, still future, as 계18:4 proves.
devils—Greek, "demons."
the hold—a keep or prison.
【계18:3 JFB】3. drunk—계14:8, from which perhaps "the wine" may have been interpolated. They have drunk of her fornication, the consequence of which will be wrath to themselves. But A, B, and C read, "(owing to the wrath of her fornication all nations) have fallen." Vulgate and most versions read as English Version, which may be the right reading though not supported by the oldest manuscripts. Babylon, the whore, is destroyed before the beast slays the two witnesses (계11:7), and then the beast himself is destroyed.
the wine—so B, Syriac, and Coptic. But A, C, and Vulgate omit.
abundance—literally, "power."
delicacies—Greek, "luxury." See on 딤전5:11, where the Greek verb "wax wanton" is akin to the noun here. Translate, "wanton luxury." The reference is not to earthly merchandise, but to spiritual wares, indulgences, idolatries, superstitions, worldly compromises, wherewith the harlot, that is, the apostate Church, has made merchandise of men. This applies especially to Rome; but the Greek, and even in a less degree Protestant churches, are not guiltless. However, the principle of evangelical Protestantism is pure, but the principle of Rome and the Greek church is not so.
【계18:4 JFB】4. Come out of her, my people—quoted from 렘50:8; 51:6, 45. Even in the Romish Church God has a people: but they are in great danger; their only safety is in coming out of her at once. So also in every apostate or world-conforming church there are some of God's invisible and true Church, who, if they would be safe, must come out. Especially at the eve of God's judgment on apostate Christendom: as Lot was warned to come out of Sodom just before its destruction, and Israel to come from about the tents of Dathan and Abiram. So the first Christians came out of Jerusalem when the apostate Jewish Church was judged. "State and Church are precious gifts of God. But the State being desecrated to a different end from what God designed it, namely. to govern for, and as under, God, becomes beast-like; the Church apostatizing becomes the harlot. The true woman is the kernel: beast and harlot are the shell: whenever the kernel is mature, the shell is thrown away" [Auberlen]. "The harlot is not Rome alone (though she is pre-eminently so), but every Church that has not Christ's mind and spirit. False Christendom, divided into very many sects, is truly Babylon, that is, confusion. However, in all Christendom the true Jesus-congregation, the woman clothed with the sun, lives and is hidden. Corrupt, lifeless Christendom is the harlot, whose great aim is the pleasure of the flesh, and which is governed by the spirit of nature and the world" [Hahn in Auberlen]. The first justification of the woman is in her being called out of Babylon the harlot, as the culminating stage of the latter's sin, when judgment is about to fall: for apostate Christendom, Babylon, is not to be converted, but to be destroyed. Secondly, she has to pass through an ordeal of persecution from the beast, which purifies and prepares her for the transfiguration glory at Christ's coming (계20:4; Lu 21:28).
be not partakers—Greek, "have no fellowship with her sins."
that ye receive not of her plagues—as Lot's wife, by lingering too near the polluted and doomed city.
【계18:5 JFB】5. her sins—as a great heap.
reached—Greek, "reached so far as to come into close contact with, and to cleave unto."
【계18:6 JFB】6. Addressed to the executioners of God's wrath.
Reward—Greek, "repay."
she rewarded—English Version reading adds "you" with none of the oldest manuscripts. But A, B, C, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic omit it. She had not rewarded or repaid the world power for some injury which the world power had inflicted on her; but she had given the world power that which was its due, namely, spiritual delusions, because it did not like to retain God in its knowledge; the unfaithful Church's principle was, "Populus vult decipi, et decipiatur." "The people like to be deceived, and let them be deceived."
double—of sorrow. Contrast with this the double of joy which Jerusalem shall receive for her past suffering (사61:7; Z전9:12); even as she has received double punishment for her sins (사40:2).
unto her—So Syriac, Coptic, and Andreas. A, B, and C omit it.
in the cup—(계18:3; 계14:8; 17:4).
filled—literally "mixed."
fill to her double—of the Lord's cup of wrath.
【계18:7 JFB】7. How much—that is in proportion as.
lived deliciously—luxuriously: see on 계18:3, where the Greek is akin.
sorrow—Greek, "mourning," as for a dead husband.
I sit—so Vulgate. But A, B, and C prefix "that."
I … am no widow—for the world power is my husband and my supporter.
shall see no sorrow—Greek, "mourning." "I am seated (this long time) … I am no widow … I shall see no sorrow," marks her complete unconcerned security as to the past, present, and future [Bengel]. I shall never have to mourn as one bereft of her husband. As Babylon was queen of the East, so Rome has been queen of the West, and is called on Imperial coins "the eternal city." So Papal Rome is called by Ammian Marcellin [15.7]. "Babylon is a former Rome, and Rome a latter Babylon. Rome is a daughter of Babylon, and by her, as by her mother, God has been pleased to subdue the world under one sway" [Augustine]. As the Jew's restoration did not take place till Babylon's fall, so R. Kimchi on Obadiah, writes, "When Rome (Edom) shall be devastated, there shall be redemption to Israel." Romish idolatries have been the great stumbling-blocks to the Jews' acceptance of Christianity.
【계18:8 JFB】8. death—on herself, though she thought herself secure even from the death of her husband.
mourning—instead of her feasting.
famine—instead of her luxurious delicacies (계18:3, 7).
fire—(See on 계17:16). Literal fire may burn the literal city of Rome, which is situated in the midst of volcanic agencies. As the ground was cursed for Adam's sin, and the earth under Noah was sunk beneath the flood, and Sodom was burnt with fire, so may Rome be. But as the harlot is mystical (the whole faithless Church), the burning may be mainly mystical, symbolizing utter destruction and removal. Bengel is probably right in thinking Rome will once more rise to power. The carnal, faithless, and worldly elements in all churches, Roman, Greek, and Protestant, tend towards one common center, and prepare the way for the last form of the beast, namely, Antichrist. The Pharisees were in the main sound in creed, yet judgment fell on them as on the unsound Sadducees and half-heathenish Samaritans. So faithless and adulterous, carnal, worldly Protestant churches, will not escape for their soundness of creed.
the Lord—so B, C, Syriac, and Andreas. But A and Vulgate omit. "Strong" is the meaning of God's Hebrew name, "EL."
judgeth—But A, B, and C read the past tense (Greek, "krinas"), "who hath judged her": the prophetical past for the future: the charge in 계18:4 to God's people to come out of her implies that the judgment was not yet actually executed.
【계18:9 JFB】9. lived deliciously—Greek, "luxuriated." The faithless Church, instead of reproving, connived at the self-indulgent luxury of the great men of this world, and sanctioned it by her own practice. Contrast the world's rejoicing over the dead bodies of the two witnesses (계11:10) who had tormented it by their faithfulness, with its lamentations over the harlot who had made the way to heaven smooth, and had been found a useful tool in keeping subjects in abject tyranny. Men's carnal mind relishes a religion like that of the apostate Church, which gives an opiate to conscience, while leaving the sinner license to indulge his lusts.
bewail her—A, B, C, Syriac, Coptic, and Cyprian omit "her."
【계18:9 MHCC】The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into idolatry, allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, pardons, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of antichrist is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the anger of God, but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman antichrist, and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.
【계18:10 JFB】10. God's judgments inspire fear even in the worldly, but it is of short duration, for the kings and great men soon attach themselves to the beast in its last and worst shape, as open Antichrist, claiming all that the harlot had claimed in blasphemous pretensions and more, and so making up to them for the loss of the harlot.
mighty—Rome in Greek means strength; though that derivation is doubtful.
【계18:11 JFB】11. shall—So. B. But A and C read the present, "weep and mourn."
merchandise—Greek, "cargo": wares carried in ships: ship-lading (compare 계18:17). Rome was not a commercial city, and is not likely from her position to be so. The merchandise must therefore be spiritual, even as the harlot is not literal, but spiritual. She did not witness against carnal luxury and pleasure-seeking, the source of the merchants' gains, but conformed to them (계18:7). She cared not for the sheep, but for the wool. Professing Christian merchants in her lived as if this world not heaven, were the reality, and were unscrupulous as to the means of getting gain. Compare Notes, see on Z전5:4-11, on the same subject, the judgment on mystical Babylon's merchants for unjust gain. All the merchandise here mentioned occurs repeatedly in the Roman Ceremonial.
【계18:12 JFB】12. (See on 계17:4).
stones … pearls—Greek, "stone … pearl."
fine linen—A, B, and C read Greek, "bussinou" for "bussou," that is, "fine linen manufacture" [Alford]. The manufacture for which Egypt (the type of the apostate Church, 계11:8) was famed. Contrast "the fine linen" (겔16:10) put on Israel, and on the New Testament Church (계19:8), the Bride, by God (시132:9).
thyine wood—the citrus of the Romans: probably the cypressus thyoyides, or the thuia articulata. "Citron wood" [Alford]. A sweet-smelling tree of Cyrene in Lybia, used for incense.
all manner vessels—Greek, "every vessel," or "furniture."
【계18:13 JFB】13. cinnamon—designed by God for better purposes: being an ingredient in the holy anointing oil, and a plant in the garden of the Beloved (아4:14); but desecrated to vile uses by the adulteress (잠7:17).
odours—of incense. A, C, Vulgate, and Syriac prefix "and amomium" (a precious hair ointment made from an Asiatic shrub). English Version reading is supported by Coptic and Andreas, but not oldest manuscripts.
ointments—Greek, "ointment."
frankincense—Contrast the true "incense" which God loves (시141:2; 말1:11).
fine flour—the similago of the Latins [Alford].
beasts—of burden: cattle.
slaves—Greek, "bodies."
souls of men—(겔27:13). Said of slaves. Appropriate to the spiritual harlot, apostate Christendom, especially Rome, which has so often enslaved both bodies and souls of men. Though the New Testament does not directly forbid slavery, which would, in the then state of the world, have incited a slave revolt, it virtually condemns it, as here. Popery has derived its greatest gains from the sale of masses for the souls of men after death, and of indulgences purchased from the Papal chancery by rich merchants in various countries, to be retailed at a profit [Mosheim, III, 95, 96].
【계18:14 JFB】14. Direct address to Babylon.
the fruits that thy soul lusted after—Greek, "thy autumn-ripe fruits of the lust (eager desire) of the soul."
dainty—Greek, "fat": "sumptuous" in food.
goodly—"splendid," "bright," in dress and equipage.
departed—supported by none of our manuscripts. But A, B, C, Vulgate, Syriac, and Coptic read, "perished."
thou shalt—A, C, Vulgate, and Syriac read, "They (men) shall no more find them at all."
【계18:15 JFB】15. of these things—of the things mentioned, 계18:12, 13.
which—"who."
made rich by—Greek, "derived riches from her."
stand afar off for the fear—(Compare 계18:10).
wailing—Greek, "mourning."
【계18:16 JFB】16. And—so Vulgate and Andreas. But A, B, and C omit.
decked—literally, "glided."
stones … pearls—Greek, "stone … pearl." B and Andreas read "pearls." But A and C, "pearl."
【계18:17 JFB】17. is come to naught—Greek, "is desolated."
shipmaster—Greek, "steersman," or "pilot."
all the company in ships—A, C, Vulgate, and Syriac read, "Every one who saileth to a place" (B has "… to the place"), every voyager. Vessels were freighted with pilgrims to various shrines, so that in one month (A.D. 1300) two hundred thousand pilgrims were counted in Rome [D'Aaubigne, Histoire de la Reformation]: a source of gain, not only to the Papal see, but to shipmasters, merchants, pilots, &c. These latter, however, are not restricted to those literally "shipmasters," &c., but mainly refer, in the mystical sense, to all who share in the spiritual traffic of apostate Christendom.
【계18:18 JFB】18. when they saw—Greek, "horontes." But A, B, C, and Andreas read, Greek, "blepontes," "looking at." Greek, "blepo," is to use the eyes, to look: the act of seeing without thought of the object seen. Greek, "horao," refers to the thing seen or presented to the eyes [Tittmann].
smoke—so B, C. But A reads "place."
What city is like—Compare the similar beast as to the beast,계13:4: so closely do the harlot and beast approximate one another. Contrast the attribution of this praise to God, to whom alone it is due, by His servants (출15:11). Martial says of Rome, "Nothing is equal to her;" and Athenæus, "She is the epitome of the world."
【계18:19 JFB】19. wailing—"mourning."
that had ships—A, B, and C read, "that had their ships": literally, "the ships."
costliness—her costly treasures: abstract for concrete.
【계18:20 JFB】20. holy apostles—So C reads. But A, B, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and Andreas read, "Ye saints and ye apostles."
avenged you on her—Greek, "judged your judgment on (literally, exacting it from) her." "There is more joy in heaven at the harlot's downfall than at that of the two beasts. For the most heinous of all sin is the sin of those who know God's word of grace, and keep it not. The worldliness of the Church is the most worldly of all worldliness. Hence, Babylon, in Revelation, has not only Israel's sins, but also the sins of the heathen; and John dwells longer on the abominations and judgments of the harlot than on those of the beast. The term 'harlot' describes the false Church's essential character. She retains her human shape as the woman, does not become a beast: she has the form of godliness, but denies its power. Her rightful lord and husband, Jehovah-Christ, and the joys and goods of His house, are no longer her all in all, but she runs after the visible and vain things of the world, in its manifold forms. The fullest form of her whoredom is, where the Church wishes to be itself a worldly power, uses politics and diplomacy, makes flesh her arm, uses unholy means for holy ends, spreads her dominion by sword or money, fascinates men by sensual ritualism, becomes 'mistress of ceremonies' to the dignitaries of the world, flatters prince or people, and like Israel, seeks the help of one world power against the danger threatening from another" [Auberlen]. Judgment, therefore, begins with the harlot, as in privileges the house of God.
【계18:20 MHCC】That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of God on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will rejoice in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of God's justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.
【계18:21 JFB】21. a—Greek, "one."
millstone—Compare the judgment on the Egyptian hosts at the Red Sea, 출15:5, 10; 느9:11, and the foretold doom of Babylon, the world power, 렘51:63, 64.
with violence—Greek, "with impetus." This verse shows that this prophecy is regarded as still to be fulfilled.
【계18:22 JFB】22. pipers—flute players. "Musicians," painters and sculptors, have desecrated their art to lend fascination to the sensuous worship of corrupt Christendom.
craftsman—artisan.
【계18:23 JFB】23. What a blessed contrast is 계22:5, respecting the city of God: "They need no candle (just as Babylon shall no more have the light of a candle, but for a widely different reason), for the Lord God giveth them light."
candle—Translate as Greek, "lamp."
bridegroom … bride … no more … in thee—Contrast the heavenly city, with its Bridegroom, Bride, and blessed marriage supper (계19:7, 9; 21:2, 9; 사62:4, 5).
thy merchants were—So most of the best authorities read. But A omits the Greek article before "merchants," and then translates, "The great men of … were thy merchants."
sorceries—Greek, "sorcery."
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.