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■ 에스겔 40장
1. 우리가 사로잡힌지 이십오년이요 성이 함락된 후 십사년 정월 십일 곧 그 날에 여호와의 권능이 내게 임하여 나를 데리고 이스라엘 땅으로 가시되
In the five and twentieth year of our captivity , in the beginning of the year , in the tenth day of the month , in the fourteenth year after that the city was smitten , in the selfsame day the hand of the Lord was upon me, and brought me thither.
2. 하나님의 이상 중에 나를 데리고 그 땅에 이르러 나를 극히 높은 산 위에 내려 놓으시는데 거기서 남으로 향하여 성읍 형상 같은 것이 있더라
In the visions of God brought he me into the land of Israel , and set me upon a very high mountain , by which was as the frame of a city on the south .
3. 나를 데리시고 거기 이르시니 모양이 놋 같이 빛난 사람 하나가 손에 삼줄과 척량하는 장대를 가지고 문에 서서 있더니
And he brought me thither, and, behold, there was a man , whose appearance was like the appearance of brass , with a line of flax in his hand , and a measuring reed ; and he stood in the gate .
4. 그 사람이 내게 이르되 인자야 내가 네게 보이는 그것을 눈으로 보고 귀로 들으며 네 마음으로 생각할지어다 내가 이것을 네게 보이려고 이리로 데리고 왔나니 너는 본 것을 다 이스라엘 족속에게 고할지어다 하더라
And the man said unto me, Son of man , behold with thine eyes , and hear with thine ears , and set thine heart upon all that I shall shew thee; for to the intent that I might shew them unto thee art thou brought hither: declare all that thou seest to the house of Israel .
5. 내가 본즉 집 바깥 사면으로 담이 있더라 그 사람의 손에 척량하는 장대를 잡았는데 그 장이 팔꿈치에서 손가락에 이르고 한 손바닥 넓이가 더한 자로 육 척이라 그 담을 척량하니 두께가 한 장대요 고도 한 장대며
And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about , and in the man’s hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth : so he measured the breadth of the building , one reed ; and the height , one reed .
6. 그가 동향한 문에 이르러 층계에 올라 그 문통을 척량하니 장이 한 장대요 그 문 안통의 장도 한 장대며
Then came he unto the gate which looketh toward the east , and went up the stairs thereof, and measured the threshold of the gate , which was one reed broad ; and the other threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad .
7. 그 문간에 문지기 방들이 있는데 각기 장이 한 장대요 광이 한 장대요 매방 사이 벽이 오 척이며 안 문통의 장이 한 장대요 그 앞에 현관이 있고 그 앞에 안 문이 있으며
And every little chamber was one reed long , and one reed broad ; and between the little chambers were five cubits ; and the threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate within was one reed .
8. 그가 또 안 문의 현관을 척량하니 한 장대며
He measured also the porch of the gate within , one reed .
9. 안 문의 현관을 또 척량하니 팔 척이요 그 문 벽은 이 척이라 그 문의 현관이 안으로 향하였으며
Then measured he the porch of the gate , eight cubits ; and the posts thereof, two cubits ; and the porch of the gate was inward .
10. 그 동문간의 문지기 방은 좌편에 셋이 있고 우편에 셋이 있으니 그 셋이 각각 한 척수요 그 좌우편 벽도 다 한 척수며
And the little chambers of the gate eastward were three on this side , and three on that side ; they three were of one measure : and the posts had one measure on this side and on that side.
11. 또 그 문통을 척량하니 광이 십 척이요 장이 십삼 척이며
And he measured the breadth of the entry of the gate , ten cubits ; and the length of the gate , thirteen cubits .
12. 방 앞에 퇴가 있는데 이편 퇴도 일 척이요 저편 퇴도 일 척이며 그 방은 이편도 육 척이요 저편도 육 척이며
The space also before the little chambers was one cubit on this side, and the space was one cubit on that side: and the little chambers were six cubits on this side, and six cubits on that side.
13. 그가 그 문간을 척량하니 이 방 지붕 가에서 저 방 지붕 가까지 광이 이십오 척인데 방 문은 서로 반대되었으며
He measured then the gate from the roof of one little chamber to the roof of another: the breadth was five and twenty cubits , door against door .
14. 그가 또 현관을 척량하니 광이 이십 척이요 현관 사면에 뜰이 있으며
He made also posts of threescore cubits , even unto the post of the court round about the gate .
15. 바깥 문통에서부터 안 문 현관 앞까지 오십 척이며
And from the face of the gate of the entrance unto the face of the porch of the inner gate were fifty cubits .
16. 문지기 방에는 각각 닫힌 창이 있고 문안 좌우편에 있는 벽 사이에도 창이 있고 그 현관도 그러하고 그 창은 안 좌우편으로 벌여 있으며 각 문 벽 위에는 종려나무를 새겼더라
And there were narrow windows to the little chambers , and to their posts within the gate round about , and likewise to the arches : and windows were round about inward : and upon each post were palm trees .
17. 그가 나를 데리고 바깥 뜰에 들어가니 뜰 삼면에 박석 깔린 땅이 있고 그 박석 깔린 땅 위에 여러 방이 있는데 모두 삼십이며
Then brought he me into the outward court , and, lo, there were chambers , and a pavement made for the court round about : thirty chambers were upon the pavement .
18. 그 박석 깔린 땅의 위치는 각 문간의 좌우편인데 그 광이 문간 길이와 같으니 이는 아래 박석 땅이며
And the pavement by the side of the gates over against the length of the gates was the lower pavement .
19. 그가 아래 문간 앞에서부터 안 뜰 바깥 문간 앞까지 척량하니 그 광이 일백 척이며 동편과 북편이 일반이더라
Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without , an hundred cubits eastward and northward .
20. 그가 바깥 뜰 북향한 문간의 장광을 척량하니
And the gate of the outward court that looked toward the north , he measured the length thereof, and the breadth thereof.
21. 장이 오십 척이요 광이 이십오 척이며 문지기 방이 이편에도 셋이요 저편에도 셋이요 그 벽과 그 현관도 먼저 척량한 문간과 같으며
And the little chambers thereof were three on this side and three on that side; and the posts thereof and the arches thereof were after the measure of the first gate : the length thereof was fifty cubits , and the breadth five and twenty cubits .
22. 그 창과 현관의 장, 광과 종려나무가 다 동향한 문간과 같으며 그 문간으로 올라가는 일곱 층계가 있고 그 안에 현관이 있으며
And their windows , and their arches , and their palm trees , were after the measure of the gate that looketh toward the east ; and they went up unto it by seven steps ; and the arches thereof were before them.
23. 안 뜰에도 북편 문간과 동편 문간과 마주 대한 문간들이 있는데 그가 이 문간에서 맞은편 문간까지 척량하니 일백 척이더라
And the gate of the inner court was over against the gate toward the north , and toward the east ; and he measured from gate to gate an hundred cubits .
24. 그가 또 나를 이끌고 남으로 간즉 남향한 문간이 있는데 그 벽과 현관을 척량하니 먼저 척량한 것과 같고
After that he brought me toward the south , and behold a gate toward the south : and he measured the posts thereof and the arches thereof according to these measures .
25. 그 문간과 현관 좌우에 있는 창도 먼저 말한 창과 같더라 그 문간의 장이 오십 척이요 광이 이십오 척이며
And there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round about , like those windows : the length was fifty cubits , and the breadth five and twenty cubits .
26. 또 그리로 올라가는 일곱 층계가 있고 그 안에 현관이 있으며 또 이편, 저편 문 벽 위에 종려나무를 새겼으며
And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees , one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof.
27. 안 뜰에도 남향한 문간이 있는데 그가 남향한 그 문간에서 맞은편 문간까지 척량하니 일백 척이더라
And there was a gate in the inner court toward the south : and he measured from gate to gate toward the south an hundred cubits .
28. 그가 나를 데리고 그 남문으로 말미암아 안 뜰에 들어가서 그 남문간을 척량하니 척수는
And he brought me to the inner court by the south gate : and he measured the south gate according to these measures ;
29. 장이 오십 척이요 광이 이십오 척이며 그 문지기 방과 벽과 현관도 먼저 척량한 것과 같고 그 문간과 그 현관 좌우에도 창이 있으며
And the little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, according to these measures : and there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round about : it was fifty cubits long , and five and twenty cubits broad .
30. 그 사면 현관의 장은 이십오 척이요 광은 오 척이며
And the arches round about were five and twenty cubits long , and five cubits broad .
31. 현관이 바깥 뜰로 향하였고 그 문 벽 위에도 종려나무를 새겼으며 그 문간으로 올라가는 여덟 층계가 있더라
And the arches thereof were toward the utter court ; and palm trees were upon the posts thereof: and the going up to it had eight steps .
32. 그가 나를 데리고 안 뜰 동편으로 가서 그 문간을 척량하니 척수는
And he brought me into the inner court toward the east : and he measured the gate according to these measures .
33. 장이 오십 척이요 광이 이십오 척이며 그 문지기 방과 벽과 현관이 먼저 척량한 것과 같고 그 문간과 그 현관 좌우에도 창이 있으며
And the little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, were according to these measures : and there were windows therein and in the arches thereof round about : it was fifty cubits long , and five and twenty cubits broad .
34. 그 현관이 바깥 뜰로 향하였고 그 이편, 저편 문 벽 위에도 종려나무를 새겼으며 그 문간으로 올라가는 여덟 층계가 있더라
And the arches thereof were toward the outward court ; and palm trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and the going up to it had eight steps .
35. 그가 또 나를 데리고 북문에 이르러 척량하니 척수는
And he brought me to the north gate , and measured it according to these measures ;
36. 장이 오십 척이요 광이 이십오 척이며 그 문지기 방과 벽과 현관이 다 그러하여 그 좌우에도 창이 있으며
The little chambers thereof, the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, and the windows to it round about : the length was fifty cubits , and the breadth five and twenty cubits .
37. 그 현관이 바깥 뜰로 향하였고 그 이편, 저편 문 벽 위에도 종려나무를 새겼으며 그 문간으로 올라가는 여덟 층계가 있더라
And the posts thereof were toward the utter court ; and palm trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and the going up to it had eight steps .
38. 그 문 벽 곁에 문이 있는 방이 있는데 그것은 번제물을 씻는 방이며
And the chambers and the entries thereof were by the posts of the gates , where they washed the burnt offering .
39. 그 문의 현관 이편에 상 둘이 있고 저편에 상 둘이 있으니 그 위에서 번제와 속죄제와 속건제의 희생을 잡게 한 것이며
And in the porch of the gate were two tables on this side, and two tables on that side, to slay thereon the burnt offering and the sin offering and the trespass offering .
40. 그 북문 바깥 곧 입구로 올라가는 곳 이편에 상 둘이 있고 문의 현관 저편에 상 둘이 있으니
And at the side without , as one goeth up to the entry of the north gate , were two tables ; and on the other side , which was at the porch of the gate , were two tables .
41. 문 곁 이편에 상이 넷이 있고 저편에 상이 넷이 있어 합이 여덟 상이라 그 위에서 희생을 잡는 소용이며
Four tables were on this side, and four tables on that side, by the side of the gate ; eight tables , whereupon they slew their sacrifices.
42. 또 다듬은 돌로 만들어서 번제에 쓰는 상 넷이 있는데 각 장이 일 척 반이요 광이 일 척 반이요 고가 일 척이라 번제의 희생을 잡을 때에 쓰는 기구가 그 위에 놓였으며
And the four tables were of hewn stone for the burnt offering , of a cubit and an half long , and a cubit and an half broad , and one cubit high : whereupon also they laid the instruments wherewith they slew the burnt offering and the sacrifice .
43. 현관 안에는 길이가 손바닥 넒이 만한 갈고리가 사면에 박혔으며 상들에는 희생의 고기가 있더라
And within were hooks , an hand broad, fastened round about : and upon the tables was the flesh of the offering .
44. 안 문안 안 뜰에는 방 둘이 있는데 북문 곁에 있는 방은 남으로 향하였고 남문 곁에 있는 방은 북으로 향하였더라
And without the inner gate were the chambers of the singers in the inner court , which was at the side of the north gate ; and their prospect was toward the south : one at the side of the east gate having the prospect toward the north .
45. 그가 내게 이르되 남향한 이 방은 성전을 수직하는 제사장들의 쓸 것이요
And he said unto me, This chamber , whose prospect is toward the south , is for the priests , the keepers of the charge of the house .
46. 북향한 방은 제단을 수직하는 제사장들의 쓸 것이라 이들은 레위의 후손 중 사독의 자손으로서 여호와께 가까이 나아가 수종드는 자니라 하고
And the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests , the keepers of the charge of the altar : these are the sons of Zadok among the sons of Levi , which come near to the Lord to minister unto him.
47. 그가 또 그 뜰을 척량하니 장이 일백 척이요 광이 일백 척이라 네모 반듯하며 제단은 전 앞에 있더라
So he measured the court , an hundred cubits long , and an hundred cubits broad , foursquare ; and the altar that was before the house .
48. 그가 나를 데리고 전문 현관에 이르러 그 문의 좌우 벽을 척량하니 광이 이편도 오 척이요 저편도 오 척이며 두께가 문 이편도 삼 척이요 문 저편도 삼 척이며
And he brought me to the porch of the house , and measured each post of the porch , five cubits on this side, and five cubits on that side: and the breadth of the gate was three cubits on this side, and three cubits on that side.
49. 그 현관의 광은 이십 척이요 장은 십일 척이며 문간으로 올라가는 층계가 있고 문 벽 곁에는 기둥이 있는데 하나는 이편에 있고 하나는 저편에 있더라
The length of the porch was twenty cubits , and the breadth eleven cubits ; and he brought me by the steps whereby they went up to it: and there were pillars by the posts , one on this side, and another on that side.
■ 주석 보기
【겔40:1 JFB】겔40:1-49. The Remaining Chapters, the Fortieth through Forty-eighth, Give an Ideal Picture of the Restored Jewish Temple.
The arrangements as to the land and the temple are, in many particulars, different from those subsisting before the captivity. There are things in it so improbable physically as to preclude a purely literal interpretation. The general truth seems to hold good that, as Israel served the nations for his rejection of Messiah, so shall they serve him in the person of Messiah, when he shall acknowledge Messiah (사60:12; Z전14:17-19; compare 시72:11). The ideal temple exhibits, under Old Testament forms (used as being those then familiar to the men whom Ezekiel, a priest himself, and one who delighted in sacrificial images, addresses), not the precise literal outline, but the essential character of the worship of Messiah as it shall be when He shall exercise sway in Jerusalem among His own people, the Jews, and thence to the ends of the earth. The very fact that the whole is a vision (겔40:2), not an oral face-to-face communication such as that granted to Moses (민12:6-8), implies that the directions are not to be understood so precisely literally as those given to the Jewish lawgiver. The description involves things which, taken literally, almost involve natural impossibilities. The square of the temple, in 겔42:20, is six times as large as the circuit of the wall enclosing the old temple, and larger than all the earthly Jerusalem. Ezekiel gives three and a half miles and one hundred forty yards to his temple square. The boundaries of the ancient city were about two and a half miles. Again, the city in Ezekiel has an area between three or four thousand square miles, including the holy ground set apart for the prince, priests, and Levites. This is nearly as large as the whole of Judea west of the Jordan. As Zion lay in the center of the ideal city, the one-half of the sacred portion extended to nearly thirty miles south of Jerusalem, that is, covered nearly the whole southern territory, which reached only to the Dead Sea (겔47:19), and yet five tribes were to have their inheritance on that side of Jerusalem, beyond the sacred portion (겔48:23-28). Where was land to be found for them there? A breadth of but four or five miles apiece would be left. As the boundaries of the land are given the same as under Moses, these incongruities cannot be explained away by supposing physical changes about to be effected in the land such as will meet the difficulties of the purely literal interpretation. The distribution of the land is in equal portions among the twelve tribes, without respect to their relative numbers, and the parallel sections running from east to west. There is a difficulty also in the supposed separate existence of the twelve tribes, such separate tribeships no longer existing, and it being hard to imagine how they could be restored as distinct tribes, mingled as they now are. So the stream that issued from the east threshold of the temple and flowed into the Dead Sea, in the rapidity of its increase and the quality of its waters, is unlike anything ever known in Judea or elsewhere in the world. Lastly, the catholicity of the Christian dispensation, and the spirituality of its worship, seem incompatible with a return to the local narrowness and "beggarly elements" of the Jewish ritual and carnal ordinances, disannulled "because of the unprofitableness thereof" [Fairbairn], (갈4:3, 9; 5:1; 히9:10; 10:18). "A temple with sacrifices now would be a denial of the all-sufficiency of the sacrifice of Christ. He who sacrificed before confessed the Messiah. He who should sacrifice now would solemnly deny Him" [Douglas]. These difficulties, however, may be all seeming, not real. Faith accepts God's Word as it is, waits for the event, sure that it will clear up all such difficulties. Perhaps, as some think, the beau ideal of a sacred commonwealth is given according to the then existing pattern of temple services, which would be the imagery most familiar to the prophet and his hearers at the time. The minute particularizing of details is in accordance with Ezekiel's style, even in describing purely ideal scenes. The old temple embodied in visible forms and rites spiritual truths affecting the people even when absent from it. So this ideal temple is made in the absence of the outward temple to serve by description the same purpose of symbolical instruction as the old literal temple did by forms and acts. As in the beginning God promised to be a "sanctuary" (겔11:16) to the captives at the Chebar, so now at the close is promised a complete restoration and realization of the theocratic worship and polity under Messiah in its noblest ideal (compare 렘31:38-40). In 계21:22 "no temple" is seen, as in the perfection of the new dispensation the accidents of place and form are no longer needed to realize to Christians what Ezekiel imparts to Jewish minds by the imagery familiar to them. In Ezekiel's temple holiness stretches over the entire temple, so that in this there is no longer a distinction between the different parts, as in the old temple: parts left undeterminate in the latter obtain now a divine sanction, so that all arbitrariness is excluded. So that it is be a perfect manifestation of the love of God to His covenant-people (겔40:1-43:12); and from it, as from a new center of religious life, there gushes forth the fulness of blessings to them, and so to all people (겔47:1-23) [Fairbairn and Havernick]. The temple built at the return from Babylon can only very partially have realized the model here given. The law is seemingly opposed to the gospel (마5:21, 22, 27, 28, 33, 34). It is not really so (compare 마5:17, 18; 롬3:31; 갈3:21, 22). It is true Christ's sacrifice superseded the law sacrifices (히10:12-18). Israel's province may hereafter be to show the essential identity, even in the minute details of the temple sacrifices, between the law and gospel (롬10:8). The ideal of the theocratic temple will then first be realized.
1. beginning of the year—the ecclesiastical year, the first month of which was Nisan.
the city … thither—Jerusalem, the center to which all the prophet's thoughts tended.
【겔40:1 CWC】[THE MILLENNIAL TEMPLE]
These chapters give a picture of the restored temple at Jerusalem during the Millennium, and of the worship of the Messiah when He shall exercise sway from that center to the ends of the earth.
Beginning with chapter 40:1-5, we have an introduction to the subject -- the date as usual (1), the location and the opening vision. (The vision is of a city on the south); (2), a man with a measuring rod; (3), a building surrounded by a wall (5). In verses 6-16 the measurement of the east gate, the threshold, posts, porches, chambers, entry, pillars, etc. Following this (7-23), the outer court, the north gate and details corresponding to the preceding. Then the south gate with its appurtenances, and so on to verse 38. In 38-43 we have a description of the cells and entrances, the tables of stone for slaying the offerings, the inner cells for the singers (44-47), and finally the measuring of the porch (48, 49).
In chapter 41 the prophet views the house itself, and in 42 he sees the cells or chambers for the priests (1-12). This is followed by regulations as to eating, dressing of the priests (13, 14)1 the chapter closing with a general summary.
In chapter 43 a more august sight presents itself, the Shekinah, the visible glory of Jehovah is seen returning to dwell in the midst of His people (1-5).
Kelly says, "the force of this is clear enough. It is the sign of God's return to Israel which He had left since the time of their captivity in Babylon. When it left. Israel, or the Jews, ceased to be His recognized people, but when they are taken up again under the Messiah the glory comes back." (6-9.)
Following this we have the measurement of the altar, and statutes for the offering of burnt-offerings and the sprinkling of blood (13-17). But why is this, if we are dealing with millennial conditions? To this the author quoted above replies, that while Israel is to return to the land, and be converted and blessed, it will be still as Israel, not as Christians. In the present dispensation all believers, both Jews and Gentiles, belong to Christ in heaven, where such differences are unknown, but when this prophecy is fulfilled, and Christ's reign begins on earth, the distinction will be again resumed, though now for blessing, and not for cursing, as of old. He quotes verses 18-27 as decisive of this, since in these verses we hear of priests and Levites and the seed of Zadok entrusted with the duties of the altar.
Speaking of the offerings, they will be memorial, looking back to the cross, as under the old covenant they were anticipatory, looking forward to the cross. In neither case have animal sacrifices power to put away sin (롬3:25; 히10:4). -- Scofield.
Five Views of Interpretation.
There are five interpretations of these chapters:
(1) Some think they describe the temple at Jerusalem prior to the Babylonian captivity, and are designed to preserve a memorial of it. But the objection is that such a memorial is unnecessary because of the records in Kings and Chronicles; while the description is untrue because in many particulars it does not agree with that in the books named.
(2) Some think these chapters describe the temple in Jerusalem after the return from the seventy years in Babylon, but this can not be, because there are more marks of contrast than likeness between the temple here describe and that.
(3) Some think they describe the ideal temple which the Jews should have built after the seventy years' return, and which they never realized. But this lowers the character of the divine Word. Why should this prophecy in Ezekiel have been given if it was never to be fulfilled?
(4) Some think this temple in Ezekiel symbolizes the spiritual blessings of the church in the present age. But this appears unlikely, because even those who hold the theory can not explain the symbolism of which they speak. Moreover, even as symbolism it leaves out several important features of Christianity, such as the atonement and intercession of the high priest.
(5) The last view is that in the preceding comments, that we have here a prediction of the temple that shall be built in the millennial age. This appears a fitting and intelligent sequel to the preceding prophecies. A strong objection to it exists in that sacrifices and feasts are referred to, which seem contradictory to Christianity. But it should be remembered that Christianity is not meant, but a new dispensation with Israel on the earth while the church is in the air with Christ. This involves changes of immense magnitude.
An Architect's Testimony.
While lecturing in Edinburgh, the author received a communication from G. S. Aitkin, Esq., an architect of that city, who had studied this vision of the temple from a technical standpoint, and made a plan of it, finding a place for every measurement referred to.
The two points he settled were, first, as to the meaning of chapter 40:14, which he found referred to a girth measurement. This fixed the position of the outer gates in relation to the enclosing walls, and so determined the position of all the other parts following. The second point, that the five hundred cubit or "reed" dimension (chapter 42:15, 16) was also girth and not linear dimensions, as hitherto maintained. The following is an extract of a paper prepared by him on the subject for the "Transactions" of the Royal Institute of British Architects."
PLAN OF THE MILLENNIAL, TEMPLE AS REVEALED TO EZEKIEL, AND ENLARGED PLAN OF PORCH.
"In the fourteenth verse of the fortieth chapter is mentioned the measurement that fixes the projections of the gate in relation to the enclosing walls; and as will be afterwards seen, the ultimate form and dimensions of the entire enclosure. Hitherto Ezekiel had been describing linear measurements, but now the expression 'Post of the court round about the gate' may be taken to imply that the prophet's companion made a girth measurement from the post of the court on one side right round the gate to the post of the court on the other side of 60 cubits. By deducting the girth of the porch, which is 45 cubits (see author's plan from A to B) from this 60 cubits 15 remain, or 7 cubits for each shoulder.
"The measurements of the buildings within the temple courts being completed, Ezekiel is brought through the eastern gate to the outside of the enclosing north, south, east and west wall, which are measured in his presence, and found to be 500 reeds, or, as corrected by the LXX, 500 cubits each.
"To meet this statement, Hastings' Bible Dictionary represents the temple area as enclosed with a straight lined wall, which, unbroken in outline, necessarily leads to so large an internal area as to require a greater number of courts than the inspired record allows.
"The author's plan, on the other hand, measuring around the broken outline which is obtained by adding the porches and the 'People's Sacrificial Kitchen,' 40 X 30 internally (chapter 46, verse 22), or (adding thickness of wall) 52 cubits by 42 cubits externally, secures the desired dimensions of 500 cubits for each side, the Priests' Kitchens (chapter 46, verses 19, 20) being substituted on the west side for the porches of the other three sides."
If this exegesis is correct, it is a further confirmation that the vision was the result of divine inspiration. Mr. Aitken did not understand what the intrinsic meaning of the whole passage might be, but it occurred to him, after listening to an exposition of the book by the present author, that it might refer to the future rebuilding of the Jewish temple at Jerusalem.
【겔40:1 MHCC】 The Vision of the Temple.
Here is a vision, beginning at Ezek. 40, and continued to the end of the book, Ezek. 48, which is justly looked upon to be one of the most difficult portions in all the book of God. When we despair to be satisfied as to any difficulty we meet with, let us bless God that our salvation does not depend upon it, but that things necessary are plain enough; and let us wait till God shall reveal even this unto us. This chapter describes two outward courts of the temple. Whether the personage here mentioned was the Son of God, or a created angel, is not clear. But Christ is both our Altar and our Sacrifice, to whom we must look with faith in all approaches to God; and he is Salvation in the midst of the earth, 시74:12, to be looked unto from all quarters.
【겔40:2 JFB】2. visions of God—divinely sent visions.
very high mountain—Moriah, very high, as compared with the plains of Babylon, still more so as to its moral elevation (겔17:22; 20:40).
by which—Ezekiel coming from the north is set down at (as the Hebrew for "upon" may be translated) Mount Moriah, and sees the city-like frame of the temple stretching southward. In 겔40:3, "God brings him thither," that is, close up to it, so as to inspect it minutely (compare 계21:10). In this closing vision, as in the opening one of the book, the divine hand is laid on the prophet, and he is borne away in the visions of God. But the scene there was by the Chebar, Jehovah having forsaken Jerusalem; now it is the mountain of God, Jehovah having returned thither; there, the vision was calculated to inspire terror; here, hope and assurance.
【겔40:3 JFB】3. man—The Old Testament manifestations of heavenly beings as men prepared men's minds for the coming incarnation.
brass—resplendent.
line—used for longer measurements (Z전2:1).
reed—used in measuring houses (계21:15). It marked the straightness of the walls.
【겔40:5 JFB】5. Measures were mostly taken from the human body. The greater cubit, the length from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, a little more than two feet: exceeding the ordinary cubit (from the elbow to the wrist) by an hand-breadth, that is, twenty-one inches in all. Compare 겔43:13, with 겔40:5. The palm was the full breadth of the hand, three and a half inches.
breadth of the building—that is, the boundary wall. The imperfections in the old temple's boundary wall were to have no place here. The buildings attached to it had been sometimes turned to common uses; for example, Jeremiah was imprisoned in one (렘20:2; 29:26). But now all these were to be holy to the Lord. The gates and doorways to the city of God were to be imprinted in their architecture with the idea of the exclusion of everything defiled (계21:27). The east gate was to be especially sacred, as it was through it the glory of God had departed (겔11:23), and through it the glory was to return (겔43:1, 2; 44:2, 3).
【겔40:6 JFB】6. the stairs—seven in number (겔40:26).
threshold—the sill [Fairbairn].
other threshold—Fairbairn considers there is but one threshold, and translates, "even the one threshold, one rod broad." But there is another threshold mentioned in 겔40:7. The two thresholds here seem to be the upper and the lower.
【겔40:7 JFB】7. chamber—These chambers were for the use of the Levites who watched at the temple gates; guard-chambers (왕하22:4; 대상9:26, 27); also used for storing utensils and musical instruments.
【겔40:9 JFB】9. posts—projecting column-faced fronts of the sides of the doorway, opposite to one another.
【겔40:12 JFB】12. space—rather, "the boundary."
【겔40:16 JFB】16. narrow—latticed [Henderson]. The ancients had no glass, so they had them latticed, narrow in the interior of the walls, and widening at the exterior. "Made fast," or "firmly fixed in the chambers" [Maurer].
arches—rather, "porches."
【겔40:17 JFB】17. pavement—tesselated mosaic (에1:6).
chambers—serving as lodgings for the priests on duty in the temple, and as receptacles of the tithes of salt, wine, and oil.
【겔40:18 JFB】18. The higher pavement was level with the entrance of the gates, the lower was on either side of the raised pavement thus formed. Whereas Solomon's temple had an outer court open to alterations and even idolatrous innovations (왕하23:11, 12; 대상20:5), in this there was to be no room for human corruptions. Its compass was exactly defined, one hundred cubits; and the fine pavement implied it was to be trodden only by clean feet (compare 사35:8).
【겔40:20 JFB】20-27. The different approaches corresponded in plan. In the case of these two other gates, however, no mention is made of a building with thirty chambers such as was found on the east side. Only one was needed, and it was assigned to the east as being the sacred quarter, and that most conveniently situated for the officiating priests.
【겔40:23 JFB】23. and toward the east—an elliptical expression for "The gate of the inner court was over against the (outer) gate toward the north (just as the inner gate was over against the outer gate) toward the east."
【겔40:28 JFB】28-37. The inner court and its gates.
according to these measures—namely, the measures of the outer gate. The figure and proportions of the inner answered to the outer.
【겔40:30 JFB】30. This verse is omitted in the Septuagint, the Vatican manuscript, and others. The dimensions here of the inner gate do not correspond to the outer, though 겔40:28 asserts that they do. Havernick, retaining the verse, understands it of another porch looking inwards toward the temple.
arches—the porch [Fairbairn]; the columns on which the arches rest [Henderson].
【겔40:31 JFB】31. eight steps—The outer porch had only seven (겔40:26).
【겔40:37 JFB】37. posts—the Septuagint and Vulgate read, "the porch," which answers better to 겔40:31-34. "The arches" or "porch" [Maurer].
【겔40:38 JFB】38. chambers … entries—literally, "a chamber and its door."
by the posts—that is, at or close by the posts or columns.
where they washed the burnt offering—This does not apply to all the gates but only to the north gate. For 레1:11 directs the sacrifices to be killed north of the altar; and 겔8:5 calls the north gate, "the gate of the altar." And 겔40:40 particularly mentions the north gate.
【겔40:43 JFB】43. hooks—cooking apparatus for cooking the flesh of the sacrifices that fell to the priests. The hooks were "fastened" in the walls within the apartment, to hang the meat from, so as to roast it. The Hebrew comes from a root "fixed" or "placed."
【겔40:44 JFB】44. the chambers of the singers—two in number, as proved by what follows: "and their prospect (that is, the prospect of one) was toward the south, (and) one toward the north." So the Septuagint.
【겔40:46 JFB】46. Zadok—lineally descended from Aaron. He had the high priesthood conferred on him by Solomon, who had set aside the family of Ithamar because of the part which Abiathar had taken in the rebellion of Adonijah (왕상1:7; 2:26, 27).
【겔40:47 JFB】47. court, an hundred cubits … foursquare—not to be confounded with the inner court, or court of Israel, which was open to all who had sacrifices to bring, and went round the three sides of the sacred territory, one hundred cubits broad. This court was one hundred cubits square, and had the altar in it, in front of the temple. It was the court of the priests, and hence is connected with those who had charge of the altar and the music. The description here is brief, as the things connected with this portion were from the first divinely regulated.
【겔40:48 JFB】48, 49. These two verses belong to the forty-first chapter, which treats of the temple itself.
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