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■ 에스겔 38장
1. 여호와의 말씀이 내게 임하여 가라사대
And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
2. 인자야 너는 마곡 땅에 있는 곡 곧 로스와 메섹과 두발 왕에게로 얼굴을 향하고 그를 쳐서 예언하여
Son of man , set thy face against Gog , the land of Magog , the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal , and prophesy against him,
3. 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 로스와 메섹과 두발 왕 곡아 내가 너를 대적하여
And say , Thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog , the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal :
4. 너를 돌이켜 갈고리로 네 아가리를 꿰고 너와 말과 기병 곧 네 온 군대를 끌어내되 완전한 갑옷을 입고 큰 방패와 작은 방패를 가지며 칼을 잡은 큰 무리와
And I will turn thee back , and put hooks into thy jaws , and I will bring thee forth , and all thine army , horses and horsemen , all of them clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great company with bucklers and shields , all of them handling swords :
5. 그들과 함께 한바 방패와 투구를 갖춘 바사와 구스와 붓과
Persia , Ethiopia , and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet :
6. 고멜과 그 모든 떼와 극한 북방의 도갈마 족속과 그 모든 떼 곧 많은 백성의 무리를 너와 함께 끌어 내리라
Gomer , and all his bands ; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters , and all his bands : and many people with thee.
7. 너는 스스로 예비하되 너와 네게 모인 무리들이 다 스스로 예비하고 너는 그들의 대장이 될지어다
Be thou prepared , and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them.
8. 여러날 후 곧 말년에 네가 명령을 받고 그 땅 곧 오래 황무하였던 이스라엘 산에 이르리니 그 땅 백성은 칼을 벗어나서 열국에서부터 모여 들어오며 이방에서부터 나와서 다 평안히 거하는 중이라
After many days thou shalt be visited : in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword , and is gathered out of many people , against the mountains of Israel , which have been always waste : but it is brought forth out of the nations , and they shall dwell safely all of them.
9. 네가 올라오되 너와 네 모든 떼와 너와 함께한 많은 백성이 광풍 같이 이르고 구름 같이 땅을 덮으리라
Thou shalt ascend and come like a storm , thou shalt be like a cloud to cover the land , thou, and all thy bands , and many people with thee.
10. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 그 날에 네 마음에서 여러가지 생각이 나서 악한 꾀를 내어
Thus saith the Lord God ; It shall also come to pass, that at the same time shall things come into thy mind , and thou shalt think an evil thought :
11. 말하기를 내가 평원의 고을들로 올라가리라 성벽도 없고 문이나 빗장이 없어도 염려없이 다 평안히 거하는 백성에게 나아가서
And thou shalt say , I will go up to the land of unwalled villages ; I will go to them that are at rest , that dwell safely , all of them dwelling without walls , and having neither bars nor gates ,
12. 물건을 겁탈하며 노략하리라 하고 네 손을 들어서 황무하였다가 지금 사람이 거처하는 땅과 열국 중에서 모여서 짐승과 재물을 얻고 세상 중앙에 거하는 백성을 치고자 할 때에
To take a spoil , and to take a prey ; to turn thine hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited , and upon the people that are gathered out of the nations , which have gotten cattle and goods , that dwell in the midst of the land .
13. 스바와 드단과 다시스의 상고와 그 부자들이 네게 이르기를 네가 탈취하러 왔느냐 네가 네 무리를 모아 노략하고자 하느냐 은과 금을 빼앗으며 짐승과 재물을 취하며 물건을 크게 약탈하여 가고자 하느냐 하리라 하셨다 하라
Sheba , and Dedan , and the merchants of Tarshish , with all the young lions thereof, shall say unto thee, Art thou come to take a spoil ? hast thou gathered thy company to take a prey ? to carry away silver and gold , to take away cattle and goods , to take a great spoil ?
14. 인자야 너는 또 예언하여 곡에게 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 내 백성 이스라엘이 평안히 거하는 날에 네가 어찌 그것을 알지 못하겠느냐
Therefore, son of man , prophesy and say unto Gog , Thus saith the Lord God ; In that day when my people of Israel dwelleth safely , shalt thou not know it?
15. 네가 네 고토 극한 북방에서 많은 백성 곧 다 말을 탄 큰 떼와 능한 군대와 함께 오되
And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts , thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses , a great company , and a mighty army :
16. 구름이 땅에 덮임 같이 내 백성 이스라엘을 치러 오리라 곡아 끝날에 내가 너를 이끌어다가 내 땅을 치게 하리니 이는 내가 너로 말미암아 이방 사람의 목전에서 내 거룩함을 나타내어 그들로 다 나를 알게 하려 함이니라
And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel , as a cloud to cover the land ; it shall be in the latter days , and I will bring thee against my land , that the heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O Gog , before their eyes .
17. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 옛적에 내 종 이스라엘 선지자들을 빙자하여 말한 사람이 네가 아니냐 그들이 그 때에 여러 해 동안 예언하기를 내가 너를 이끌어다가 그들을 치게 하리라 하였느니라 하셨다 하라
Thus saith the Lord God ; Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time by my servants the prophets of Israel , which prophesied in those days many years that I would bring thee against them?
18. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 그 날에 곡이 이스라엘 땅을 치러 오면 내 노가 내 얼굴에 나타나리라
And it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel , saith the Lord God , that my fury shall come up in my face .
19. 내가 투기와 맹렬한 노로 말하였거니와 그 날에 큰 지진이 이스라엘 땅에 일어나서
For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken , Surely in that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel ;
20. 바다의 고기들과 공중의 새들과 들의 짐승들과 땅에 기는 모든 벌레와 지면에 있는 모든 사람이 내 앞에서 떨 것이며 모든 산이 무너지며 절벽이 떨어지며 모든 성벽이 땅에 무너지리라
So that the fishes of the sea , and the fowls of the heaven , and the beasts of the field , and all creeping things that creep upon the earth , and all the men that are upon the face of the earth , shall shake at my presence , and the mountains shall be thrown down , and the steep places shall fall , and every wall shall fall to the ground .
21. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 내 모든 산 중에서 그를 칠 칼을 부르리니 각 사람의 칼이 그 형제를 칠 것이며
And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains , saith the Lord God : every man’s sword shall be against his brother .
22. 내가 또 온역과 피로 그를 국문하며 쏟아지는 폭우와 큰 우박덩이와 불과 유황으로 그와 그 모든 떼와 그 함께한 많은 백성에게 비를 내리듯 하리라
And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood ; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands , and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain , and great hailstones , fire , and brimstone .
23. 이와 같이 내가 여러 나라의 눈에 내 존대함과 내 거룩함을 나타내어 나를 알게 하리니 그들이 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라
Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be known in the eyes of many nations , and they shall know that I am the Lord .
■ 주석 보기
【겔38:1 JFB】겔38:1-23. The Assault of Gog, and God's Judgment on Him.
The objections to a literal interpretation of the prophecy are—(1) The ideal nature of the name Gog, which is the root of Magog, the only kindred name found in Scripture or history. (2) The nations congregated are selected from places most distant from Israel, and from one another, and therefore most unlikely to act in concert (Persians and Libyans, &c.). (3) The whole spoil of Israel could not have given a handful to a tithe of their number, or maintained the myriads of invaders a single day (겔38:12, 13). (4) The wood of their invaders' weapons was to serve for fuel to Israel for seven years! And all Israel were to take seven months in burying the dead! Supposing a million of Israelites to bury each two corpses a day, the aggregate buried in the hundred eighty working days of the seven months would be three hundred sixty millions of corpses! Then the pestilential vapors from such masses of victims before they were all buried! What Israelite could live in such an atmosphere? (5) The scene of the Lord's controversy here is different from that in 사34:6, Edom, which creates a discrepancy. (But probably a different judgment is alluded to). (6) The gross carnality of the representation of God's dealings with His adversaries is inconsistent with Messianic times. It therefore requires a non-literal interpretation. The prophetical delineations of the divine principles of government are thrown into the familiar forms of Old Testament relations. The final triumph of Messiah's truth over the most distant and barbarous nations is represented as a literal conflict on a gigantic scale, Israel being the battlefield, ending in the complete triumph of Israel's anointed King, the Saviour of the world. It is a prophetical parable [Fairbairn]. However, though the details are not literal, the distinctiveness in this picture, characterizing also parallel descriptions in writers less ideally picturesque than Ezekiel, gives probability to a more definite and generally literal interpretation. The awful desolations caused in Judea by Antiochus Epiphanes, of Syria (1 Maccabees; and Porphyry, quoted by Jerome on Ezekiel), his defilement of Jehovah's temple by sacrificing swine and sprinkling the altar with the broth, and setting up the altar of Jupiter Olympius, seem to be an earnest of the final desolations to be caused by Antichrist in Israel, previous to His overthrow by the Lord Himself, coming to reign (compare 단8:10-26; 11:21-45; 12:1; Z전13:9; 14:2, 3). Grotius explains Gog as a name taken from Gyges, king of Lydia; and Magog as Syria, in which was a city called Magog [Pliny, 5.28]. What Ezekiel stated more generally, 계20:7-9 states more definitely as to the anti-Christian confederacy which is to assail the beloved city.
【겔38:1 CWC】[PROPHECY AGAINST GOG]
It is fitting that following the prediction of Israel's restoration and blessing, there should come another showing judgment upon her enemies. Only it is doubtful if these enemies are those spoken of hitherto. Those were contiguous to Israel, but this is a northeastern power which gathers its allies on the mountains of the Holy Land, here is reason to identify it with Russia. She and the northern powers allied with her have been the latest persecutors of dispersed Israel, "and it is congruous both with divine justice and God's covenants with Israel that destruction should fall at the climax of the last mad attempt to exterminate her in Jerusalem."
Let not the similarity of names with 계20:7, 8 lead to the supposition that the same event is in mind, as that takes place at the close of the millennium, and this near its beginning.
Identification with Russia.
"Gog" is probably a common name of the kings of the land like "Pharoah" in Egypt. "The chief prince" is more properly "Prince of Rosh" or "Russ," which suggests Russia, to say nothing of "Meshec" and "Tubal," which are almost identical with Moscow and Tobolsk. It is more difficult to locate "Gomer" and "Togarmah," but the whole military combination never having been referred to prior to this time, strengthens the contention in favor of a Russian alliance of some sort.
The Period and the Plan.
Note the time and conditions in verse 8. "The latter years" -- the end of this age. Israel is "brought back," restored, and is dwelling "safely" (also verse 11). Note the enemy's motive or plan (10-13), and compare that of Jehovah in permitting this to come to pass (14-16). The closing verses show the punishment superhuman in character, and final in its result. No more fears for Israel until the muster of the nations at the close of the millennium.
Thoroughness of the Judgment. 39.
The prophecy is continued in this chapter, and verses 8-10 describe the going forth from the cities of Palestine to burn the arms of the foe. There is difficulty here, but "seven" is the sacred number (verse 9) indicating the completeness of the cleansing in Israel's zeal for purity. As Fairbairn says, "Nothing belonging to the enemy should be left to pollute the land. How different from the earlier times when Israel not only left the arms but the heathen themselves among them, to corrupt them."
A Public Burial Ground.
Where the enemy expected to take the land for a possession, he would find a grave. Verse 11 might be translated:
"I will give unto Gog a place for burial in Israel, the valley of the passengers on the east of the Sea; and it shall stop the passengers; and there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude."
The travelers shall not stop their noses because of the smell, but the great number of mounds in evidence shall stay their progress, and lead them to think upon the vengeance poured out. This is the sense of the passage.
In other words these graves shall be in no obscure spot, but in the direct pathway of travelers.
Verse 15 is striking as compared with the foregoing. In verse 13, "all the people of the land" are burying the dead for seven months. In verse 14, at the end of that time, special men are employed to continue the task to a finish; while in verse 15, the passers-by are helping them by setting up a sign near and exposed bone to identify it until removed.
Verses 17-20 describe the fowls and the beasts feasting on the slain -- by rams, lambs, goats, etc., (18) being meant men of different ranks and callings.
【겔38:1 MHCC】 The army and malice of Gog. (겔38:1-13) God's judgments. (겔38:14-23)
겔38:1-13 These events will be in the latter days. It is supposed these enemies will come together to invade the land of Judea, and God will defeat them. God not only sees who are now the enemies of his church, but he foresees who will be so, and lets them know by his word that he is against them; though they join together, the wicked shall not be unpunished.
겔38:14-23 The enemy should make a formidable descent upon the land of Israel. When Israel dwell safely under the Divine protection, shalt not thou be made to know it by finding that endeavours to destroy them are made in vain? Promises of security are treasured up in the word of God, against the troubles and dangers the church may be brought into in the latter days. In the destruction of sinners, God makes it appear that he is a great and holy God. We should desire and pray daily. Father, glorify thine own name.
【겔38:2 JFB】2. Gog—the prince of the land of Magog. The title was probably a common one of the kings of the country, as "Pharaoh" in Egypt. Chakan was the name given by the Northern Asiatics to their king, and is still a title of the Turkish sultan: "Gog" may be a contraction of this. In Ezekiel's time a horde of northern Asiatics, termed by the Greeks "Scythians," and probably including the Moschi and Tibareni, near the Caucasus, here ("Meshech … Tubal") undertook an expedition against Egypt [Herodotus, 1.103-106]. These names might be adopted by Ezekiel from the historical fact familiar to men at the time, as ideal titles for the great last anti-Christian confederacy.
Magog—(창10:2; 대상1:5). The name of a land belonging to Japheth's posterity. Maha, in Sanskrit, means "land." Gog is the ideal political head of the region. In 계20:8, Gog and Magog are two peoples.
the chief prince—rather, "prince of Rosh," or "Rhos" [Septuagint]. The Scythian Tauri in the Crimea were so called. The Araxes also was called "Rhos." The modern Russians may have hence assumed their name, as Moscow and Tobolsk from Meshech and Tubal, though their proper ancient name was Slavi, or Wends.Hengstenberg supports English Version, as "Rosh" is not found in the Bible. "Magog was Gog's original kingdom, though he acquired also Meshech and Tubal, so as to be called their chief prince."
【겔38:3 JFB】3. His high-sounding titles are repeated to imply the haughty self-confidence of the invader as if invincible.
【겔38:4 JFB】4. turn thee back—as a refractory wild beast, which thinks to take its own way, but is bent by a superior power to turn on a course which must end in its destruction. Satan shall be, by overruling Providence, permitted to deceive them to their ruin (계20:7, 8).
hooks into thy jaws—(겔29:4; 왕하19:28).
【겔38:5 JFB】5. Persia … Libya—expressly specified by Appian as supplying the ranks of Antiochus' army.
【겔38:6 JFB】6. Gomer—the Celtic Cimmerians of Crim-Tartary.
Togarmah—the Armenians of the Caucasus, south of Iberia.
【겔38:7 JFB】7. Irony. Prepare thee and all thine with all needful accoutrements for war—that ye may perish together.
be … a guard unto them—that is, if thou canst.
【겔38:8 JFB】8. thou shall be visited—in wrath, by God (사29:6). Probably there is allusion to 사24:21, 22, "The host of the high ones … shall be gathered … as prisoners … in the pit … and after many days shall they be visited." I therefore prefer English Version to Grotius rendering, "Thou shalt get the command" of the expedition. The "after many days" is defined by "in the latter years," that is, in the times just before the coming of Messiah, namely, under Antiochus, before His first coming; under Antichrist, before His second coming.
the mountains of Israel … always waste—that is, waste during the long period of the captivity, the earnest of the much longer period of Judea's present desolation (to which the language "always waste" more fully applies). This marks the impious atrocity of the act, to assail God's people, who had only begun to recover from their protracted calamities.
but it is brought … and they shall dwell—rather, "And they (the Israelites) were brought … dwelt safely" [Fairbairn]. English Version means, "Against Israel, which has been waste, but which (that is, whose people) is now (at the time of the invasion) brought forth out of the nations where they were dispersed, and shall be found by the invader dwelling securely, so as to seem an easy prey to him."
【겔38:9 JFB】9. cloud to cover the land—with the multitude of thy forces.
【겔38:10 JFB】10. an evil thought—as to attacking God's people in their defenseless state.
【겔38:11 JFB】11. dwell safely—that is, securely, without fear of danger (compare 에9:19). Antiochus, the type of Antichrist, took Jerusalem without a blow.
【겔38:12 JFB】12. midst of the land—literally, "the navel" of the land (유9:37, Margin). So, in 겔5:5, Israel is said to be set "in the midst of the nations"; not physically, but morally, a central position for being a blessing to the world: so (as the favored or "beloved city," 계20:9) an object of envy. Grotius translates, "In the height of the land" (so 겔38:8), "the mountains of Israel," Israel being morally elevated above the rest of the world.
【겔38:13 JFB】13. Sheba, &c.—These mercantile peoples, though not taking an active part against the cause of God, are well pleased to see others do it. Worldliness makes them ready to deal in the ill-gotten spoil of the invaders of God's people. Gain is before godliness with them (1 Maccabe에3:41).
young lions—daring princes and leaders.
【겔38:14 JFB】14. shalt thou not know it?—to thy cost, being visited with punishment, while Israel dwells safely.
【겔38:16 JFB】16. I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me—So in 출9:16, God tells Pharaoh, "For this cause have I raised thee up, for to show in thee My power; and that My name may be declared throughout all the earth."
【겔38:17 JFB】17. thou he of whom I have spoken in old time—Gog, &c. are here identified with the enemies spoken of in other prophecies (민24:17-24; 사27:1; compare 사26:20, 21; 렘30:23, 24; Joe 3:1; 미5:5, 6; 사14:12-14; 59:19). God is represented as addressing Gog at the time of his assault; therefore, the "old time" is the time long prior, when Ezekiel uttered these prophecies; so, he also, as well as Daniel (단11:1-45) and Zechariah (Z전14:1-21) are included among "the prophets of Israel" here.
many years—ago.
【겔38:18 JFB】18. fury shall come up in my face—literally, "nose"; in Hebrew, the idiomatic expression for anger, as men in anger breathe strongly through the nostrils. Anthropopathy: God stooping to human modes of thought (시18:8).
【겔38:19 JFB】19. great shaking—an earthquake: physical agitations after accompanying social and moral revolutions. Foretold also in Joe 3:16; (compare 학2:6, 7; 마24:7, 29; 계16:18).
【겔38:20 JFB】20. fishes—disturbed by the fleets which I will bring.
fowls, &c.—frightened at the sight of so many men: an ideal picture.
mountains—that is, the fortresses on the mountains.
steep places—literally, "stairs" (아2:14); steep terraces for vines on the sides of hills, to prevent the earth being washed down by the rains.
every wall—of towns.
【겔38:21 JFB】21. every man's sword … against his brother—I will destroy them partly by My people's sword, partly by their swords being turned against one another (compare 대하20:23).
【겔38:22 JFB】22. plead—a forensic term; because God in His inflictions acts on the principles of His own immutable justice, not by arbitrary impulse (사66:16; 렘25:31).
blood … hailstones, fire—(계8:7; 16:21). The imagery is taken from the destruction of Sodom and the plagues of Egypt (compare 시11:6). Antiochus died by "pestilence" (2 Maccabe에9:5).
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