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■ 에스겔 34장
1. 여호와의 말씀이 내게 임하여 가라사대
And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
2. 인자야 너는 이스라엘 목자들을 쳐서 예언하라 그들 곧 목자들에게 예언하여 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 자기만 먹이는 이스라엘 목자들은 화 있을진저 목자들이 양의 무리를 먹이는 것이 마땅치 아니하냐
Son of man , prophesy against the shepherds of Israel , prophesy , and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God unto the shepherds ; Woe be to the shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the flocks ?
3. 너희가 살진 양을 잡아 그 기름을 먹으며 그 털을 입되 양의 무리는 먹이지 아니하는도다
Ye eat the fat , and ye clothe you with the wool , ye kill them that are fed : but ye feed not the flock .
4. 너희가 그 연약한 자를 강하게 아니하며 병든 자를 고치지 아니하며 상한 자를 싸매어 주지 아니하며 쫓긴 자를 돌아오게 아니하며 잃어버린 자를 찾지 아니하고 다만 강포로 그것들을 다스렸도다
The diseased have ye not strengthened , neither have ye healed that which was sick , neither have ye bound up that which was broken , neither have ye brought again that which was driven away , neither have ye sought that which was lost ; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them.
5. 목자가 없으므로 그것들이 흩어지며 흩어져서 모든 들짐승의 밥이 되었도다
And they were scattered , because there is no shepherd : and they became meat to all the beasts of the field , when they were scattered .
6. 내 양의 무리가 모든 산과 높은 멧부리에마다 유리되었고 내 양의 무리가 온 지면에 흩어졌으되 찾고 찾는 자가 없었도다
My sheep wandered through all the mountains , and upon every high hill : yea, my flock was scattered upon all the face of the earth , and none did search or seek after them.
7. 그러므로 목자들아 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다
Therefore, ye shepherds , hear the word of the Lord ;
8. 주 여호와의 말씀에 내가 나의 삶을 두고 맹세하노라 내 양의 무리가 노략거리가 되고 모든 들짐승의 밥이 된 것은 목자가 없음이라 내 목자들이 양을 찾지 아니하고 자기만 먹이고 내 양의 무리를 먹이지 아니하였도다
As I live , saith the Lord God , surely because my flock became a prey , and my flock became meat to every beast of the field , because there was no shepherd , neither did my shepherds search for my flock , but the shepherds fed themselves, and fed not my flock ;
9. 그러므로 너희 목자들아 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다
Therefore, O ye shepherds , hear the word of the Lord ;
10. 주 여호와의 말씀에 내가 목자들을 대적하여 내 양의 무리를 그들의 손에서 찾으리니 목자들이 양을 먹이지 못할 뿐 아니라 그들이 다시는 자기를 먹이지 못할지라 내가 내 양을 그들의 입에서 건져내어서 다시는 그 식물이 되지 않게 하리라
Thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I am against the shepherds ; and I will require my flock at their hand , and cause them to cease from feeding the flock ; neither shall the shepherds feed themselves any more; for I will deliver my flock from their mouth , that they may not be meat for them.
11. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 나 곧 내가 내 양을 찾고 찾되
For thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I, even I, will both search my sheep , and seek them out .
12. 목자가 양 가운데 있는 날에 양이 흩어졌으면 그 떼를 찾는 것 같이 내가 내 양을 찾아서 흐리고 캄캄한 날에 그 흩어진 모든 곳에서 그것들을 건져낼지라
As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered ; so will I seek out my sheep , and will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day .
13. 내가 그것들을 만민 중에서 끌어내며 열방 중에서 모아 그 본토로 데리고 가서 이스라엘 산 위에와 시냇가에와 그 땅 모든 거주지에서 먹이되
And I will bring them out from the people , and gather them from the countries , and will bring them to their own land , and feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers , and in all the inhabited places of the country .
14. 좋은 꼴로 먹이고 그 우리를 이스라엘 높은 산 위에 두리니 그것들이 거기서 좋은 우리에 누워 있으며 이스라엘 산 위에서 살진 꼴을 먹으리라
I will feed them in a good pasture , and upon the high mountains of Israel shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold , and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel .
15. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 친히 내 양의 목자가 되어 그것들로 누워 있게 할지라
I will feed my flock , and I will cause them to lie down , saith the Lord God .
16. 그 잃어버린 자를 내가 찾으며 쫓긴 자를 내가 돌아오게 하며 상한 자를 내가 싸매어 주며 병든 자를 내가 강하게 하려니와 살진 자와 강한 자는 내가 멸하고 공의대로 그것들을 먹이리라
I will seek that which was lost , and bring again that which was driven away , and will bind up that which was broken , and will strengthen that which was sick : but I will destroy the fat and the strong ; I will feed them with judgment .
17. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 나의 양떼 너희여 내가 양과 양의 사이와 수양과 수염소의 사이에 심판하노라
And as for you , O my flock , thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I judge between cattle and cattle , between the rams and the he goats .
18. 너희가 좋은 꼴 먹은 것을 작은 일로 여기느냐 어찌하여 남은 꼴을 발로 밟았느냐 너희가 맑은 물 마신 것을 작은 일로 여기느냐 어찌하여 남은 물을 발로 더럽혔느냐
Seemeth it a small thing unto you to have eaten up the good pasture , but ye must tread down with your feet the residue of your pastures ? and to have drunk of the deep waters , but ye must foul the residue with your feet ?
19. 나의 양은 너희 발로 밟은 것을 먹으며 너희 발로 더럽힌 것을 마시는도다 하셨느니라
And as for my flock , they eat that which ye have trodden with your feet ; and they drink that which ye have fouled with your feet .
20. 그러므로 주 여호와께서 그들에게 대하여 말씀하시기를 나 곧 내가 살진 양과 파리한 양 사이에 심판하리라
Therefore thus saith the Lord God unto them; Behold, I, even I, will judge between the fat cattle and between the lean cattle .
21. 너희가 옆구리와 어깨로 밀뜨리고 모든 병든 자를 뿔로 받아 무리로 밖으로 흩어지게 하는도다
Because ye have thrust with side and with shoulder , and pushed all the diseased with your horns , till ye have scattered them abroad ;
22. 그러므로 내가 내 양떼를 구원하여 그들로 다시는 노략거리가 되지 않게 하고 양과 양 사이에 심판하리라
Therefore will I save my flock , and they shall no more be a prey ; and I will judge between cattle and cattle .
23. 내가 한 목자를 그들의 위에 세워 먹이게 하리니 그는 내 종 다윗이라 그가 그들을 먹이고 그들의 목자가 될지라
And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David ; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd .
24. 나 여호와는 그들의 하나님이 되고 내 종 다윗은 그들 중에 왕이 되리라 나 여호와의 말이니라
And I the Lord will be their God , and my servant David a prince among them; I the Lord have spoken it.
25. 내가 또 그들과 화평의 언약을 세우고 악한 짐승을 그 땅에서 그치게 하리니 그들이 빈 들에 평안히 거하며 수풀 가운데서 잘지라
And I will make with them a covenant of peace , and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land : and they shall dwell safely in the wilderness , and sleep in the woods .
26. 내가 그들에게 복을 내리며 내 산 사면 모든 곳도 복되게 하여 때를 따라 비를 내리되 복된 장마비를 내리리라
And I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing ; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season ; there shall be showers of blessing .
27. 그리한즉 밭에 나무가 열매를 맺으며 땅이 그 소산을 내리니 그들이 그 땅에서 평안할지라 내가 그들의 멍엣목을 꺾고 그들로 종을 삼은 자의 손에서 그들을 건져낸 후에 그들이 나를 여호와인 줄 알겠고
And the tree of the field shall yield her fruit , and the earth shall yield her increase , and they shall be safe in their land , and shall know that I am the Lord , when I have broken the bands of their yoke , and delivered them out of the hand of those that served themselves of them.
28. 그들이 다시는 이방의 노략거리가 되지 아니하며 땅의 짐승의 삼킨바 되지 아니하고 평안히 거하리니 놀랠 사람이 없으리라
And they shall no more be a prey to the heathen , neither shall the beast of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely , and none shall make them afraid .
29. 내가 그들을 위하여 유명한 종식할 땅을 일으키리니 그들이 다시는 그 땅에서 기근으로 멸망하지 아니할지며 다시는 열국의 수치를 받지 아니할지라
And I will raise up for them a plant of renown , and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land , neither bear the shame of the heathen any more.
30. 그들이 나 여호와 그들의 하나님이 그들과 함께 있는 줄을 알며 그들 곧 이스라엘 족속이 내 백성인 줄 알리라 나 주 여호와의 말이라
Thus shall they know that I the Lord their God am with them, and that they, even the house of Israel , are my people , saith the Lord God .
31. 내 양 곧 내 초장의 양 너희는 사람이요 나는 너희 하나님이라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
And ye my flock , the flock of my pasture , are men , and I am your God , saith the Lord God .
■ 주석 보기
【겔34:1 JFB】겔34:1-31. Reproof of the False Shepherds; Promise of the True and Good Shepherd.
Having in the thirty-third chapter laid down repentance as the necessary preliminary to happier times for the people, He now promises the removal of the false shepherds as preparatory to the raising up of the Good Shepherd.
【겔34:1 CWC】[BROKEN SILENCE]
Ezekiel's commission to his own countrymen is now renewed (21, 22), and evidences a new tone. "Heretofore his functions had been chiefly threatening, but now the evil having reached its worst in the overthrow of Jerusalem, the consolatory element preponderates." (See 22:11).
Verses 23-29 of the same chapter, have reference to the handful left in Jerusalem after the siege, the best commentary on which is Jeremiah 40-42. Verse 30 to the end describes conditions at Chebar. The last verse alludes to the news in verse 21. When they heard that report which took some time to reach them, they had reason to change their minds about the prophet and his work.
Many False Shepherds and the One True One. 34.
"The shepherds of Israel" (2), are not the prophets and priests so much (though they may be included), as the rulers -- kings, princes, judges. The indictment against them extends to verse 10, at which point encouragement and comfort is given to the scattered sheep, the people of Israel. The language corresponds with that of all the prophets, and points to the regathering of the nation in the latter times, and their restoration and blessing in the land again (11-22). This will synchronize with the second coming of the Messiah, here called "my servant David" (24) and "a plant of renown" (29). That millennial conditions are in mind is evidenced by verses 25-28. "Though a number of the people returned after the seventy years' captivity, and though they had a larger posterity in the land, yet they were continually under the Gentile yoke, until in A. D. 70, they were finally driven away again in a dispersion which still continues."
Judgment on Mount Seir or Edom. 35.
This is placed here by way of contrast with Israel's promised blessing. The Edomites, descendants of Esau, Jacob's brother, had treated their kin shamefully in the past (5), therefore, unlike them their desolations should be perpetual (9). Remember that it is only in their national character of foes to Israel that they are to be destroyed. God is always merciful to individuals who repent. "When the whole earth rejoices" (14), means Judah and the nations that submit themselves to her God.
Moral Restoration. 36.
It is always understood that the national restoration of Israel implies their moral restoration. They will repent and turn to the Lord before the promised blessings shall be poured out upon them. It is this moral restoration which is foretold here.
We have first restoration of the land (1-15), and then the people (35:16, 37:28). Verses 19-22, like those that follow, are spoken anticipatively. Observe God's motive for restoring them {22, 23). Observe the symbolic allusion to their moral regeneration (25-27, and that afterwards comes the material blessing. Many will have been gathered back to their land before the moral cleansing takes place, but the blessing will be withheld till then (28-38).
Valley of Dry Bones. 37.
In this chapter we have in symbol what the preceding foretold in plain language -- in other words what the prophet saw in vision. Verse 11 is the key to the chapter. The "bones" are the whole house of Israel on the earth at the time to which the prophecy refers, which is the beginning of the millennial age. The "graves" are the Gentile nations among which they shall be scattered. They shall be gathered out from among these nations back to their land (12). This will result in their conversion (13), after which they will be filled with the Holy Spirit (14). The two sticks (16) are Israel and Judah which shall again become one (17-27). Following this is a blessing on the whole earth (28). Compare 행15:16, 17.
Verse 8 indicates that the people will return to their land at first unconverted. "David my servant" (24) is generally understood of the Messiah. "The chapter, as a whole, presents a beautiful image of Christian faith, which believes in the coming general resurrection of the dead in the face of all appearances against it, because God has said it (요5:21; 롬4:17; 고후1:9)."
【겔34:1 MHCC】 The rulers reproved. (겔34:1-6) The people are to be restored to their own land. (겔34:7-16) The kingdom of Christ. (겔34:17-31)
겔34:1-6 The people became as sheep without a shepherd, were given up as a prey to their enemies, and the land was utterly desolated. No rank or office can exempt from the reproofs of God's word, men who neglect their duty, and abuse the trust reposed in them.
겔34:7-16 The Lord declared that he intended mercy towards the scattered flock. Doubtless this, in the first place, had reference to the restoration of the Jews. It also represented the good Shepherd's tender care of the souls of his people. He finds them in their days of darkness and ignorance, and brings them to his fold. He comes to their relief in times of persecution and temptation. He leads them in the ways of righteousness, and causes them to rest on his love and faithfulness. The proud and self-sufficient, are enemies of the true gospel and of believers; against such we must guard. He has rest for disquieted saints, and terror for presumptuous sinners.
겔34:17-31 The whole nation seemed to be the Lord's flock, yet they were very different characters; but he knew how to distinguish between them. By good pastures and deep waters, are meant the pure word of God and the dispensing of justice. The latter verses, 23-31, prophesy of Christ, and of the most glorious times of his church on earth. Under Him, as the good Shepherd, the church would be a blessing to all around. Christ, though excellent in himself, was as a tender plant out of a dry ground. Being the Tree of life, bearing all the fruits of salvation, he yields spiritual food to the souls of his people. Our constant desire and prayer should be, that there may be showers of blessings in every place where the truth of Christ is preached; and that all who profess the gospel may be filled with fruits of righteousness.
【겔34:2 JFB】2.렘23:1 and Z전11:17 similarly make the removal of the false shepherds the preliminary to the interposition of Messiah the Good Shepherd in behalf of His people Israel. The "shepherds" are not prophets or priests, but rulers who sought in their government their own selfish ends, not the good of the people ruled. The term was appropriate, as David, the first king and the type of the true David (겔34:23, 24), was taken from being a shepherd (삼하5:2; 시78:70, 71); and the office, like that of a shepherd for his flock, is to guard and provide for his people. The choice of a shepherd for the first king was therefore designed to suggest this thought, just as Jesus' selection of fishermen for apostles was designed to remind them of their spiritual office of catching men (compare 사44:28; 렘2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 23:1, 2).
【겔34:3 JFB】3. fat—or, by differently pointing the Hebrew, "milk" [Septuagint]. Thus the repetition "fat" and "fed" is avoided: also the eating of "fat" would not probably be put before the "killing" of the sheep. The eating of sheep's or goats' milk as food (신32:14; 잠27:27) was unobjectionable, had not these shepherds milked them too often, and that without duly "feeding" them [Bochart], (사56:11). The rulers levied exorbitant tributes.
kill … fed—kill the rich by false accusation so as to get possession of their property.
feed not … flock—take no care of the people (요10:12).
【겔34:4 JFB】4. The diseased—rather, those weak from the effects of "disease," as "strengthened" (that is, with due nourishment) requires [Grotius].
broken—that is, fractures from wounds inflicted by the wolf.
brought again … driven away—(출23:4). Those "driven away" by the enemy into foreign lands through God's judgments are meant (렘23:3). A spiritual reformation of the state by the rulers would have turned away God's wrath, and "brought again" the exiles. The rulers are censured as chiefly guilty (though the people, too, were guilty), because they, who ought to have been foremost in checking the evil, promoted it.
neither … sought … lost—Contrast the Good Shepherd's love (Lu 15:4).
with force … ruled—(출1:13, 14). With an Egyptian bondage. The very thing forbidden by the law they did (레25:43; compare 벧전5:3).
【겔34:5 JFB】5. scattered, because … no shepherd—that is, none worthy of the name, though there were some called shepherds (왕상22:17; 마9:36). Compare 마26:31, where the sheep were scattered when the true Shepherd was smitten. God calls them "My sheep"; for they were not, as the shepherds treated them, their patrimony whereby to "feed themselves."
meat to all … beasts—They became a prey to the Syrians, Ammon, Moab, and Assyria.
【겔34:6 JFB】6. every high hill—the scene of their idolatries sanctioned by the rulers.
search … seek—rather, "seek … search." The former is the part of the superior rulers to inquire after: to search out is the duty of the subordinate rulers [Junius].
【겔34:10 JFB】10. I will require my flock—(히13:17), rather, "I require," &c., for God already had begun to do so, punishing Zedekiah and the other princes severely (렘52:10).
【겔34:11 JFB】11. I … will … search—doing that which the so-called shepherds had failed to do, I being the rightful owner of the flock.
【겔34:12 JFB】12. in the day that he is among—in the midst of (Hebrew) His sheep that had been scattered. Referring to Messiah's second advent, when He shall be "the glory in the midst of Israel" (Z전2:5).
in the cloudy … day—the day of the nation's calamity (Joe 2:2).
【겔34:13 JFB】13. And I will bring them out from the people, &c.—(겔28:25; 36:24; 37:21, 22; 사65:9, 10; 렘23:3).
【겔34:14 JFB】14. good pasture—(시23:2).
high mountains of Israel—In 겔17:23; 20:40, the phrase is "the mountain of the height of Israel" in the singular number. The reason for the difference is: there Ezekiel spoke of the central seat of the kingdom, Mount Zion, where the people met for the worship of Jehovah; here he speaks of the kingdom of Israel at large, all the parts of which are regarded as possessing a moral elevation.
【겔34:16 JFB】16. In contrast to the unfaithful shepherds (겔34:4). The several duties neglected by them I will faithfully discharge.
fat … strong—that is, those rendered wanton by prosperity (신32:15; 렘5:28), who use their strength to oppress the weak. Compare 겔34:20, "the fat cattle" (사10:16). The image is from fat cattle that wax refractory.
with judgment—that is, justice and equity, as contrasted with the "force" and "cruelty" with which the unfaithful shepherds ruled the flock (겔34:4).
【겔34:17 JFB】17. you, … my flock—passing from the rulers to the people.
cattle and cattle—rather, "sheep and sheep"; Margin, "small cattle," or "flocks of lambs and kids," that is, I judge between one class of citizens and another, so as to award what is right to each. He then defines the class about to be punitively "judged," namely, "the rams and he-goats," or "great he-goats" (compare 사14:9, Margin;Z전10:3; 마25:32, 33). They answer to "the fat and strong," as opposed to the "sick" (겔34:16). The rich and ungodly of the people are meant, who imitated the bad rulers in oppressing their poorer brethren, as if it enhanced their own joys to trample on others' rights (겔34:18).
【겔34:18 JFB】18, 19. Not content with appropriating to their own use the goods of others, they from mere wantonness spoiled what they did not use, so as to be of no use to the owners.
deep waters—that is, "limpid," as deep waters are generally clear.Grotius explains the image as referring to the usuries with which the rich ground the poor (겔22:12; 사24:2).
【겔34:19 JFB】19. they eat—scantily.
they drink—sorrowfully.
【겔34:20 JFB】20. fat … lean—the rich oppressors … the humble poor.
【겔34:21 JFB】21. scattered them abroad—down to the time of the carrying away to Babylon [Grotius].
【겔34:22 JFB】22. After the restoration from Babylon, the Jews were delivered in some degree from the oppression, not only of foreigners, but also of their own great people (느5:1-19). The full and final fulfilment of this prophecy is future.
【겔34:23 JFB】23. set up—that is, raise up by divine appointment; alluding to the declaration of God to David, "I will set up thy seed after thee" (삼하7:12); and, "Yet have I set My king on My holy hill of Zion" (시2:6; compare 행2:30; 13:23).
one shepherd—literally, "a Shepherd, one": singularly and pre-eminently one: the only one of His kind, to whom none is comparable (아5:10). The Lord Jesus refers to this prophecy (요10:14), "I am THE Good Shepherd." Also "one" as uniting in one the heretofore divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and also "gathering together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and on earth" (엡1:10); thus healing worse breaches than that between Israel and Judah (골1:20). "God by Him reconciling all things unto Himself, whether things in earth or in heaven."
David—the antitypical David, Messiah, of the seed of David, which no other king after the captivity was: who was fully, what David was only in a degree, "the man after God's own heart." Also, David means beloved: Messiah was truly God's beloved Son (사42:1; 마3:17). Shepherd means King, rather than religious instructor; in this pre-eminently He was the true David, who was the Shepherd King (Lu 1:32, 33). Messiah is called "David" in 사55:3, 4; 렘30:9; 호3:5.
【겔34:24 JFB】24. my servant—implying fitness for ruling in the name of God, not pursuing a self-chosen course, as other kings, but acting as the faithful administrator of the will of God; Messiah realized fully this character (시40:7, 8; 사42:1; 49:3, 6; 53:11; 빌2:7), which David typically and partially represented (행13:36); so He is the fittest person to wield the world scepter, abused by all the world kings (단2:34, 35, 44, 45).
【겔34:25 JFB】25. covenant of peace … evil beasts … to cease … dwell safely—The original promise of the law (레26:6) shall be realized for the first time fully under Messiah (사11:6-9; 35:9; 호2:18).
【겔34:26 JFB】26. them and the places round about my hill—The Jews, and Zion, God's hill (시2:6), are to be sources of blessing, not merely to themselves, but to the surrounding heathen (사19:24; 56:6, 7; 60:3; 미5:7; Z전8:13). The literal fulfilment is, however, the primary one, though the spiritual also is designed. In correspondence with the settled reign of righteousness internally, all is to be prosperity externally, fertilizing showers (according to the promise of the ancient covenant, 레26:4; 시68:9; 말3:10), and productive trees and lands (겔34:27). Thus shall they realize the image of 겔34:14; namely, a flock richly pastured by God Himself.
【겔34:27 JFB】27. served themselves of them—availed themselves of their services, as if the Jews were their slaves (렘22:13; 25:14; compare 창15:13; 출1:14).
【겔34:28 JFB】28. dwell safely—(렘23:6).
【겔34:29 JFB】29. plant of renown—Messiah, the "Rod" and "Branch" (사11:1), the "righteous Branch" (렘23:5), who shall obtain for them "renown." Fairbairn less probably translates, "A plantation for a name," that is, a flourishing condition, represented as a garden (alluding to Eden, 창2:8-11, with its various trees, good for food and pleasant to the sight), the planting of the Lord (사60:21; 61:3), and an object of "renown" among the heathen.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.