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■ 에스겔 29장
1. 제십년 시월 십이일에 여호와의 말씀이 내게 임하여 가라사대
In the tenth year , in the tenth month, in the twelfth day of the month , the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
2. 인자야 너는 애굽 왕 바로와 온 애굽으로 낯을 향하고 쳐서 예언하라
Son of man , set thy face against Pharaoh king of Egypt , and prophesy against him, and against all Egypt :
3. 너는 말하여 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 애굽 왕 바로야 내가 너를 대적하노라 너는 자기의 강들 중에 누운 큰 악어라 스스로 이르기를 내 이 강은 내 것이라 내가 나를 위하여 만들었다 하는도다
Speak , and say , Thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt , the great dragon that lieth in the midst of his rivers , which hath said , My river is mine own, and I have made it for myself.
4. 내가 갈고리로 네 아가미를 꿰고 네 강의 고기로 네 비늘에 붙게 하고 네 비늘에 붙은 강의 모든 고기와 함께 너를 네 강들 중에서 끌어내고
But I will put hooks in thy jaws , and I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick unto thy scales , and I will bring thee up out of the midst of thy rivers , and all the fish of thy rivers shall stick unto thy scales .
5. 너와 네 강의 모든 고기를 들에 던지리니 네가 지면에 떨어지고 다시는 거두거나 모음을 입지 못할 것은 내가 너를 들짐승과 공중의 새의 식물로 주었음이라
And I will leave thee thrown into the wilderness , thee and all the fish of thy rivers : thou shalt fall upon the open fields ; thou shalt not be brought together , nor gathered : I have given thee for meat to the beasts of the field and to the fowls of the heaven .
6. 애굽의 모든 거민이 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라 애굽은 본래 이스라엘 족속에게 갈대 지팡이라
And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall know that I am the Lord , because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel .
7. 그들이 너를 손으로 잡은즉 네가 부러져서 그들의 모든 어깨를 찢었고 그들이 너를 의지한즉 네가 부러져서 그들의 모든 허리로 흔들리게 하였느니라
When they took hold of thee by thy hand , thou didst break , and rend all their shoulder : and when they leaned upon thee, thou brakest , and madest all their loins to be at a stand .
8. 그러므로 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 칼로 네게 임하게 하여 네게서 사람과 짐승을 끊은즉
Therefore thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I will bring a sword upon thee, and cut off man and beast out of thee.
9. 애굽 땅이 사막과 황무지가 되리니 그들이 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라 네가 스스로 이르기를 이 강은 내 것이라 내가 만들었다 하도다
And the land of Egypt shall be desolate and waste ; and they shall know that I am the Lord : because he hath said , The river is mine, and I have made it.
10. 그러므로 내가 너와 네 강들을 쳐서 애굽 땅 믹돌에서부터 수에네 곧 구스 지경까지 황무한 황무지 곧 사막이 되게 하리니
Behold, therefore I am against thee, and against thy rivers , and I will make the land of Egypt utterly waste and desolate , from the tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia .
11. 그 가운데로 사람의 발도 지나가지 아니하며 짐승의 발도 지나가지 아니하고 거접하는 사람이 없이 사십 년이 지날지라
No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall pass through it, neither shall it be inhabited forty years .
12. 내가 애굽 땅으로 황무한 열국 같이 황무하게 하며 애굽 성읍도 사막이 된 열국의 성읍 같이 사십 년 동안 황무하게 하고 애굽 사람들은 각국 가운데로 흩으며 열방 가운데로 헤치리라
And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate , and her cities among the cities that are laid waste shall be desolate forty years : and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations , and will disperse them through the countries .
13. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 사십 년 끝에 내가 만민 중에 흩은 애굽 사람을 다시 모아 내되
Yet thus saith the Lord God ; At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered :
14. 애굽의 사로잡힌 자들을 돌이켜 바드로스 땅 곧 그 고토로 돌아가게 할 것이라 그들이 거기서 미약한 나라가 되되
And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt , and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros , into the land of their habitation ; and they shall be there a base kingdom .
15. 나라 중에 지극히 미약한 나라가 되어 다시는 열국 위에 스스로 높이지 못하리니 내가 그들을 감하여 다시는 열국을 다스리지 못하게 할 것임이라
It shall be the basest of the kingdoms ; neither shall it exalt itself any more above the nations : for I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations .
16. 그들이 다시는 이스라엘 족속의 의뢰가 되지 못할 것이요 이스라엘 족속은 돌이켜 그들을 바라보지 아니하므로 그 죄악이 기억나게 되지 아니하리니 그들이 나를 주 여호와인 줄 알리라 하셨다 하라
And it shall be no more the confidence of the house of Israel , which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance , when they shall look after them: but they shall know that I am the Lord God .
17. 제이십칠년 정월 초 일일에 여호와의 말씀이 내게 임하여 가라사대
And it came to pass in the seven and twentieth year , in the first month, in the first day of the month , the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
18. 인자야 바벨론 왕 느부갓네살이 그 군대로 두로를 치게 할 때에 크게 수고하여 각 머리털이 무지러졌고 각 어깨가 벗어졌으나 그와 군대가 그 수고한 보수를 두로에서 얻지 못하였느니라
Son of man , Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyrus : every head was made bald , and every shoulder was peeled : yet had he no wages , nor his army , for Tyrus , for the service that he had served against it:
19. 그러므로 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 애굽 땅을 바벨론 왕 느부갓네살에게 붙이리니 그가 그 무리를 옮겨가며 물건을 노략하며 빼앗아 갈 것이라 이것이 그 군대의 보수가 되리라
Therefore thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I will give the land of Egypt unto Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon ; and he shall take her multitude , and take her spoil , and take her prey ; and it shall be the wages for his army .
20. 그들의 수고는 나를 위하여 함인즉 그 보수로 내가 애굽 땅을 그에게 주었느니라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
I have given him the land of Egypt for his labour wherewith he served against it, because they wrought for me, saith the Lord God .
21. 그 날에 내가 이스라엘 족속에게 한 뿔이 솟아나게 하고 내가 또 너로 그들 중에서 입을 열게 하리니 그들이 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라
In that day will I cause the horn of the house of Israel to bud forth , and I will give thee the opening of the mouth in the midst of them; and they shall know that I am the Lord .
■ 주석 보기
【겔29:1 JFB】겔29:1-21. The Judgment on Egypt by Nebuchadnezzar; though about to Be Restored after Forty Years, It Was Still to Be in a State of Degradation.
This is the last of the world kingdoms against which Ezekiel's prophecies are directed, and occupies the largest space in them, namely, the next four chapters. Though farther off than Tyre, it exercised a more powerful influence on Israel.
【겔29:1 CWC】[JUDGMENTS ON THE GENTILE NATIONS]
The prophet's "dumbness" enjoined in the last chapter, was only towards Hs own people, and the interval was employed in messages touching the Gentiles. These nations might have many charges laid against them but that which concerned a Prophet of Israel chiefly was their treatment of that nation -- see this borne out by the text. Their ruin was to be utter to the end while that of Israel was but temporary.
Seven nations are denounced, "the perfect number, implying that God's judgments would visit not merely these but the whole round of the Gentile world." Babylon is excepted here because she is, for the present, viewed as the rod of God's justice against Israel.
Use the marginal notes of your Bible for light on, the historical references, and the maps for geographical data. A Bible dictionary also would be of much assistance.
"Men of the east" (24:4) means the nomadic tribes beyond the Jordan.
The following from the Scofield Bible recalls earlier teachings. of this commentary: "The prophecies upon Gentile powers (in these chapters) have had partial fulfillments of which history bears witness, but the mention of the 'Day of the Lord' (30:3), makes it evident that a fulfillment in the final sense is still future. These countries are once more to be the battle-ground of the nations."
Tyre. 26-28.
In the first of these chapters we have Tyre's sin (1, 2), her doom and the instruments of its execution (3-14), and the effect of her downfall on the other nations (15-21). In the second, we have a lamentation over the loss of such earthly splendor, and in the third, an elegy addressed to the king on the humiliation of his sacrilegious pride. This last is the most important chapter of the three.
As to the destruction of Tyre, secular history shows how accurately God s word has come to pass. Though thou be sought for, yet shall thou never be found again" (21). This is not to say that there should be no more a lyre, but that there should be no more the Tyre that once was. As a matter of fact there were two Tyres in Ezekiel's time, old Tyre and new Tyre, the first on the main land and the other out in the sea; and as to the first not a vestige of it was left.
Passing over the "lamentation" attention is called to the description of the king of Tyre (28:1-19), which should be read in connection with that of the king of Babylon in Isaiah 14. The comment in that case fits this also, for although these verses are referring to the king of Tyre then reigning, Ithbaal II yet they have evidently an ulterior and fuller accomplishment in Satan, or in his earthly embodiment the beast, or the Antichrist, of 단7:25, 11:36, 37; 살후2:4, and 계13:6. There are many expressions in the chapter which baffle our understanding at present.
Egypt. 29-32.
It should be remembered that "Pharaoh" was a common name of all the kings of Egypt, meaning, as some say "the sun," others, "a crocodile, which was an object of worship by Egyptians. That nation was very prosperous and proud at this period, and no human sagacity could have foreseen its downfall as Ezekiel describes it, and as it came to pass, God's instrument was Babylon (29:19; 30:10), whose work is figuratively set forth in verses 4-12, of which 6 and 7 refer to the false confidence Israel reposed in Egypt during the siege and which was recorded in Isaiah and Jeremiah. Note verses 13-15 in the light of the subsequent history of Egypt, and compare them with the promise to Israel (21). God's covenant with the latter holds good, notwithstanding for the present she is dealt with like the Gentiles. "In that day" means in the fullest sense, the coming Day of the Lord.
Reaching chapter 30 we find two messages, the first (1-19), a repetition with details, of that in 29:1-16; and the second, a vision more particularly against Pharaoh himself.
"Heathen" (3) should be "nations," from which it will be seen that "the judgment on Egypt is the beginning of a world-wide judgment on all the Gentile people considered as God's enemies." "No more a prince of the land of Egypt" (13), means, no more an independent prince ruling the whole country.
Chapter 31 illustrates the overthrow of Egypt by that of Assyria, for although the former was not utterly to cease to be as in the case of the latter, yet it was to lose its prominence as an aspirant for world-dominion. Assyria was overthrown by the Chaldeans or Babylonians, and so Egypt would be.
Chapter 32 includes two lamentations rather than one, a fortnight apart in time, and divided at verse 17. Verse 7 may refer figuratively to the political sky, and yet the thought of supernatural darkness as formerly in 출10:21-23 is not excluded. The second lamentation accompanies Egypt in imagination to the unseen world where she shares the fate of other nations (18 et seq.).
【겔29:1 MHCC】 The desolation of Egypt. (겔29:1-16) Also a promise of mercy to Israel. (겔29:17-21)
겔29:1-16 Worldly, carnal minds pride themselves in their property, forgetting that whatever we have, we received it from God, and should use it for God. Why, then, do we boast? Self is the great idol which all the world worships, in contempt of God and his sovereignty. God can force men out of that in which they are most secure and easy. Such a one, and all that cleave to him, shall perish together. Thus end men's pride, presumption, and carnal security. The Lord is against those who do harm to his people, and still more against those who lead them into sin. Egypt shall be a kingdom again, but it shall be the basest of the kingdoms; it shall have little wealth and power. History shows the complete fulfilment of this prophecy. God, not only in justice, but in wisdom and goodness to us, breaks the creature-stays on which we lean, that they may be no more our confidence.
겔29:17-21 The besiegers of Tyre obtained little plunder. But when God employs ambitious or covetous men, he will recompense them according to the desires of their hearts; for every man shall have his reward. God had mercy in store for the house of Israel soon after. The history of nations best explains ancient prophecies. All events fulfil the Scriptures. Thus, in the deepest scenes of adversity, the Lord sows the seed of our future prosperity. Happy are those who desire his favour, grace, and image; they will delight in his service, and not covet any earthly recompence; and the blessings they have chosen shall be sure to them for ever.
【겔29:2 JFB】2. Pharaoh—a common name of all the kings of Egypt, meaning "the sun"; or, as others say, a "crocodile," which was worshipped in parts of Egypt (compare 겔29:3). Hophra or Apries was on the throne at this time. His reign began prosperously. He took Gaza (렘47:1) and Zidon and made himself master of Phœnicia and Palestine, recovering much that was lost to Egypt by the victory of Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish (왕하24:7; 렘46:2), in the fourth year of Jehoiakim [Wilkinson, Ancient Egypt, 1.169]. So proudly secure because of his successes for twenty-five years did he feel, that he said not even a god could deprive him of his kingdom [Herodotus, 2.169]. Hence the appropriateness of the description of him in 겔29:3. No mere human sagacity could have enabled Ezekiel to foresee Egypt's downfall in the height of its prosperity. There are four divisions of these prophecies; the first in the tenth year of Ezekiel's captivity; the last in the twelfth. Between the first and second comes one of much later date, not having been given till the twenty-seventh year (겔29:17; 30:19), but placed there as appropriate to the subject matter. Pharaoh-hophra, or Apries, was dethroned and strangled, and Amasis substituted as king, by Nebuchadnezzar (compare 렘44:30). The Egyptian priests, from national vanity, made no mention to Herodotus of the Egyptian loss of territory in Syria through Nebuchadnezzar, of which Josephus tells us, but attributed the change in the succession from Apries to Amasis solely to the Egyptian soldiery. The civil war between the two rivals no doubt lasted several years, affording an opportunity to Nebuchadnezzar of interfering and of elevating the usurper Amasis, on condition of his becoming tributary to Babylon [Wilkinson]. Compare 렘43:10-12, and see on 렘43:13, for another view of the grounds of interference of Nebuchadnezzar.
【겔29:3 JFB】3. dragon—Hebrew, tanim, any large aquatic animal, here the crocodile, which on Roman coins is the emblem of Egypt.
lieth—restest proudly secure.
his rivers—the mouths, branches, and canals of the Nile, to which Egypt owed its fertility.
【겔29:4 JFB】4. hooks in thy jaws—(사37:29; compare 욥41:1, 2). Amasis was the "hook." In the Assyrian sculptures prisoners are represented with a hook in the underlip, and a cord from it held by the king.
cause … fish … stick unto … scales—Pharaoh, presuming on his power as if he were God (겔29:3, "I have made it"), wished to stand in the stead of God as defender of the covenant-people, his motive being, not love to them, but rivalry with Babylon. He raised the siege of Jerusalem, but it was only for a time (compare 겔29:6; 렘37:5, 7-10); ruin overtook not only them, but himself. As the fish that clung to the horny scales of the crocodile, the lord of the Nile, when he was caught, shared his fate, so the adherents of Pharaoh, lord of Egypt, when he was overthrown by Amasis, should share his fate.
【겔29:5 JFB】5. wilderness—captivity beyond thy kingdom. The expression is used perhaps to imply retribution in kind. As Egypt pursued after Israel, saying, "The wilderness hath shut them in" (출14:3), so she herself shall be brought into a wilderness state.
open fields—literally, "face of the field."
not be brought together—As the crocodile is not, when caught, restored to the river, so no remnant of thy routed army shall be brought together, and rallied, after its defeat in the wilderness. Pharaoh led an army against Cyrene in Africa, in support of Aricranes, who had been stripped of his kingdom by the Cyrenians. The army perished and Egypt rebelled against him [Junius]. But the reference is mainly to the defeat by Nebuchadnezzar.
beasts … fowls—hostile and savage men.
【겔29:6 JFB】6. staff of reed to … Israel—alluding to the reeds on the banks of the Nile, which broke if one leaned upon them (see on 겔29:4; 사36:6). All Israel's dependence on Egypt proved hurtful instead of beneficial (사30:1-5).
【겔29:7 JFB】7. hand—or handle of the reed.
rend … shoulder—by the splinters on which the shoulder or arm would fall, on the support failing the hand.
madest … loins … at a stand—that is, made them to be disabled. Maurer somewhat similarly (referring to a kindred Arabic form), "Thou hast stricken both their loins." Fairbairn, not so well, "Thou lettest all their loins stand," that is, by themselves, bereft of the support which they looked for from thee.
【겔29:8 JFB】8. a sword—Nebuchadnezzar's army (겔29:19). Also Amasis and the Egyptian revolters who after Pharaoh-hophra's discomfiture in Cyrene dethroned and strangled him, having defeated him in a battle fought at Memphis [Junius].
【겔29:9 JFB】9. I am the Lord—in antithesis to the blasphemous boast repeated here from 겔29:3, "The river is mine, and I have made it."
【겔29:10 JFB】10. from the tower of Syene—Grotius translates, "from Migdol (a fortress near Pelusium on the north of Suez) to Syene (in the farthest south)"; that is, from one end of Egypt to the other. So "from Migdol to Syene," 겔30:6, Margin. However, English Version rightly refers Syene to Seveneh, that is, Sebennytus, in the eastern delta of the Nile, the capital of the Lower Egyptian kings. The Sebennyte Pharaohs, with the help of the Canaanites, who, as shepherds or merchants, ranged the desert of Suez, extended their borders beyond the narrow province east of the delta, to which they had been confined by the Pharaohs of Upper Egypt. The defeated party, in derision, named the Sebennyte or Lower Egyptians foreigners and shepherd-kings (a shepherd being an abomination in Egypt, 창46:34). They were really a native dynasty. Thus, in English Version, "Ethiopia" in the extreme south is rightly contrasted with Sebennytus or Syene in the north.
【겔29:11 JFB】11. forty years—answering to the forty years in which the Israelites, their former bondsmen, wandered in "the wilderness" (compare Note, see on 겔29:5). Jerome remarks the number forty is one often connected with affliction and judgment. The rains of the flood in forty days brought destruction on the world. Moses, Elias, and the Saviour fasted forty days. The interval between Egypt's overthrow by Nebuchadnezzar and the deliverance by Cyrus, was about forty years. The ideal forty years' wilderness state of social and political degradation, rather than a literal non-passing of man or beast for that term, is mainly intended (so 겔4:6; 사19:2, 11).
【겔29:12 JFB】12. As Israel passed through a term of wilderness discipline (compare 겔20:35, &c.), which was in its essential features to be repeated again, so it was to be with Egypt [Fairbairn]. Some Egyptians were to be carried to Babylon, also many "scattered" in Arabia and Ethiopia through fear; but mainly the "scattering" was to be the dissipation of their power, even though the people still remained in their own land.
【겔29:13 JFB】13. (렘46:26).
【겔29:14 JFB】14. Pathros—the Thebaid, or Upper Egypt, which had been especially harassed by Nebuchadnezzar (나3:8, 10). The oldest part of Egypt as to civilization and art. The Thebaid was anciently called "Egypt" [Aristotle]. Therefore it is called the "land of the Egyptians' birth" (Margin, for "habitation").
base kingdom—Under Amasis it was made dependent on Babylon; humbled still more under Cambyses; and though somewhat raised under the Ptolemies, never has it regained its ancient pre-eminence.
【겔29:16 JFB】16. Egypt, when restored, shall be so circumscribed in power that it shall be no longer an object of confidence to Israel, as formerly; for example, as when, relying on it, Israel broke faith with Nebuchadnezzar (겔17:13, 15, 16).
which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them—rather, "while they (the Israelites) look to (or, turn after) them" [Henderson]. Israel's looking to Egypt, rather than to God, causes their iniquity (unfaithfulness to the covenant) to be remembered by God.
【겔29:17 JFB】17. The departure from the chronological order occurs here only, among the prophecies as to foreign nations, in order to secure greater unity of subject.
【겔29:18 JFB】18. every head … bald, … shoulder … peeled—with carrying baskets of earth and stones for the siege works.
no wages … for the service—that is, in proportion to it and the time and labor which he expended on the siege of Tyre. Not that he actually failed in the siege (Jerome expressly states, from Assyrian histories, that Nebuchadnezzar succeeded); but, so much of the Tyrian resources had been exhausted, or transported to her colonies in ships, that little was left to compensate Nebuchadnezzar for his thirteen year's siege.
【겔29:19 JFB】19. multitude—not as Fairbairn, "store"; but, he shall take away a multitude of captives out of Egypt. The success of Nebuchadnezzar is implied in Tyre's receiving a king from Babylon, probably one of her captives there, Merbal.
take her spoil … prey—literally, "spoil her spoil, prey her prey," that is, as she spoiled other nations, so shall she herself be a spoil to Babylon.
【겔29:20 JFB】20. because they wrought for me—the Chaldeans, fulfilling My will as to Tyre (compare 렘25:9).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.