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■ 에스겔 20장
1. 제칠년 오월 십일에 이스라엘 장로 두어 사람이 여호와께 물으려고 와서 내 앞에 앉으니
And it came to pass in the seventh year , in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month , that certain of the elders of Israel came to enquire of the Lord , and sat before me.
2. 여호와의 말씀이 내게 임하여 가라사대
Then came the word of the Lord unto me, saying ,
3. 인자야 이스라엘 장로들에게 고하여 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 너희가 내게 물으려고 왔느냐 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 나의 삶을 두고 맹세하노니 너희가 내게 묻기를 내가 용납지 아니하리라 하셨다 하라
Son of man , speak unto the elders of Israel , and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God ; Are ye come to enquire of me? As I live , saith the Lord God , I will not be enquired of by you.
4. 인자야 네가 그들을 국문하려느냐 네가 그들을 국문하려하느냐 너는 그들로 그 열조의 가증한 일을 알게 하여
Wilt thou judge them, son of man , wilt thou judge them? cause them to know the abominations of their fathers :
5. 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 옛날에 내가 이스라엘을 택하고 야곱 집의 후예를 향하여 맹세하고 애굽 땅에서 그들에게 나타나서 맹세하여 이르기를 나는 여호와 너희 하나님이라 하였었노라
And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God ; In the day when I chose Israel , and lifted up mine hand unto the seed of the house of Jacob , and made myself known unto them in the land of Egypt , when I lifted up mine hand unto them, saying , I am the Lord your God ;
6. 그 날에 내가 그들에게 맹세하기를 애굽 땅에서 인도하여 내어서 그들을 위하여 찾아 두었던 땅 곧 젖과 꿀이 흐르는 땅이요 모든 땅 중의 아름다운 곳에 이르게 하리라 하고
In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey , which is the glory of all lands :
7. 또 그들에게 이르기를 너희는 눈을 드는바 가증한 것을 각기 버리고 애굽의 우상들로 스스로 더럽히지 말라 나는 여호와 너희 하나님이니라 하였으나
Then said I unto them, Cast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes , and defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt : I am the Lord your God .
8. 그들이 내게 패역하여 내 말을 즐겨 듣지 아니하고 그 눈을 드는 바 가증한 것을 각기 버리지 아니하며 애굽의 우상들을 떠나지 아니하므로 내가 말하기를 내가 애굽 땅에서 나의 분을 그들의 위에 쏟으며 노를 그들에게 이루리라 하였었노라
But they rebelled against me, and would not hearken unto me: they did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes , neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt : then I said , I will pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt .
9. 그러나 내가 그들의 거하는 이방인의 목전에서 그들에게 나타나서 그들을 애굽 땅에서 인도하여 내었었나니 이는 내 이름을 위함이라 내 이름을 그 이방인의 목전에서 더럽히지 않으려 하여 행하였음이로라
But I wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be polluted before the heathen , among whom they were, in whose sight I made myself known unto them, in bringing them forth out of the land of Egypt .
10. 그러므로 내가 그들로 애굽 땅에서 나와서 광야에 이르게 하고
Wherefore I caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt , and brought them into the wilderness .
11. 사람이 준행하면 그로 인하여 삶을 얻을 내 율례를 주며 내 규례를 알게 하였고
And I gave them my statutes , and shewed them my judgments , which if a man do , he shall even live in them.
12. 또 나는 그들을 거룩하게 하는 여호와인 줄 알게 하려 하여 내가 내 안식일을 주어 그들과 나 사이에 표징을 삼았었노라
Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths , to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the Lord that sanctify them.
13. 그러나 이스라엘 족속이 광야에서 내게 패역하여 사람이 준행하면 그로 인하여 삶을 얻을 나의 율례를 준행치 아니하며 나의 규례를 멸시하였고 나의 안식일을 크게 더럽혔으므로 내가 이르기를 내가 내 분노를 광야에서 그들의 위에 쏟아 멸하리라 하였으나
But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness : they walked not in my statutes , and they despised my judgments , which if a man do , he shall even live in them; and my sabbaths they greatly polluted : then I said , I would pour out my fury upon them in the wilderness , to consume them.
14. 내가 내 이름을 위하여 달리 행하였었나니 내가 그들을 인도하여 내는 것을 목도한 열국 앞에서 내 이름을 더럽히지 아니하려 하였음이로라
But I wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be polluted before the heathen , in whose sight I brought them out .
15. 또 내가 광야에서 그들에게 맹세하기를 내가 그들에게 허한 땅 곧 젖과 꿀이 흐르는 땅이요 모든 땅 중의 아름다운 곳으로 그들을 인도하여 들이지 아니하리라 한 것은
Yet also I lifted up my hand unto them in the wilderness , that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey , which is the glory of all lands ;
16. 그들이 마음으로 우상을 좇아 나의 규례를 업신여기며 나의 율례를 행치 아니하며 나의 안식일을 더럽혔음이니라
Because they despised my judgments , and walked not in my statutes , but polluted my sabbaths : for their heart went after their idols .
17. 그러나 내가 그들을 아껴 보아 광야에서 멸하여 아주 없이 하지 아니하였었노라
Nevertheless mine eye spared them from destroying them, neither did I make an end of them in the wilderness .
18. 내가 광야에서 그들의 자손에게 이르기를 너희 열조의 율례를 좇지 말며 그 규례를 지키지 말며 그 우상들로 스스로 더럽히지 말라
But I said unto their children in the wilderness , Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers , neither observe their judgments , nor defile yourselves with their idols :
19. 나는 여호와 너희 하나님이라 너희는 나의 율례를 좇으며 나의 규례를 지켜 행하고
I am the Lord your God ; walk in my statutes , and keep my judgments , and do them;
20. 또 나의 안식일을 거룩하게 할지어다 이것이 나와 너희 사이에 표징이 되어 너희로 내가 여호와 너희 하나님인 줄 알게 하리라 하였었노라
And hallow my sabbaths ; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may know that I am the Lord your God .
21. 그러나 그 자손이 내게 패역하여 사람이 준행하면 그로 인하여 삶을 얻을 나의 율례를 좇지 아니하며 나의 규례를 지켜 행하지 아니하였고 나의 안식일을 더럽혔는지라 이에 내가 이르기를 내가 광야에서 내 분을 그들의 위에 쏟으며 내 노를 그들에게 이루리라 하였으나
Notwithstanding the children rebelled against me: they walked not in my statutes , neither kept my judgments to do them, which if a man do , he shall even live in them; they polluted my sabbaths : then I said , I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness .
22. 내가 내 이름을 위하여 내 손을 금하고 달리 행하였었나니 내가 그들을 인도하여 내는 것을 목도한 열국 앞에서 내 이름을 더럽히지 아니하려 하였음이로다
Nevertheless I withdrew mine hand , and wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be polluted in the sight of the heathen , in whose sight I brought them forth .
23. 또 내가 광야에서 그들에게 맹세하기를 내가 그들을 이방인 중에 흩으며 열방 중에 헤치리라 하였었나니
I lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness , that I would scatter them among the heathen , and disperse them through the countries ;
24. 이는 그들이 나의 규례를 행치 아니하며 나의 율례를 멸시하며 내 안식일을 더럽히고 눈으로 그 열조의 우상들을 사모함이며
Because they had not executed my judgments , but had despised my statutes , and had polluted my sabbaths , and their eyes were after their fathers’ idols .
25. 또 내가 그들에게 선치 못한 율례와 능히 살게 하지 못할 규례를 주었고
Wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good , and judgments whereby they should not live ;
26. 그들이 장자를 다 화제로 드리는 그 예물로 내가 그들을 더럽혔음은 그들로 멸망케 하여 나를 여호와인 줄 알게 하려 하였음이니라
And I polluted them in their own gifts , in that they caused to pass through the fire all that openeth the womb , that I might make them desolate , to the end that they might know that I am the Lord .
27. 그런즉 인자야 이스라엘 족속에게 고하여 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 너희 열조가 또 내게 범죄하여 나를 욕되게 하였느니라
Therefore, son of man , speak unto the house of Israel , and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God ; Yet in this your fathers have blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me.
28. 내가 그들에게 주기로 맹세한 땅으로 그들을 인도하여 들였더니 그들이 모든 높은 산과 모든 무성한 나무를 보고 거기서 제사를 드리고 격노케 하는 제물을 올리며 거기서 또 분향하고 전제를 부어 드린지라
For when I had brought them into the land , for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to them, then they saw every high hill , and all the thick trees , and they offered there their sacrifices , and there they presented the provocation of their offering : there also they made their sweet savour , and poured out there their drink offerings .
29. 이에 내가 그들에게 이르기를 너희가 다니는 산당이 무엇이냐 하였노라 (그것을 오늘날까지 바마라 일컫느니라)
Then I said unto them, What is the high place whereunto ye go ? And the name thereof is called Bamah unto this day .
30. 그러므로 너는 이스라엘 족속에게 이르기를 주 여호와의 말씀에 너희가 열조의 풍속을 따라 스스로 더럽히며 그 모든 가증한 것을 좇아 행음하느냐
Wherefore say unto the house of Israel , Thus saith the Lord God ; Are ye polluted after the manner of your fathers ? and commit ye whoredom after their abominations ?
31. 너희가 또 너희 아들로 화제를 삼아 예물로 드려 오늘날까지 우상들로 스스로 더럽히느냐 이스라엘 족속아 너희가 내게 묻기를 내가 용납하겠느냐 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 나의 삶을 두고 맹세하노니 너희가 내게 묻기를 내가 용납지 아니하리라
For when ye offer your gifts , when ye make your sons to pass through the fire , ye pollute yourselves with all your idols , even unto this day : and shall I be enquired of by you, O house of Israel ? As I live , saith the Lord God , I will not be enquired of by you.
32. 너희가 스스로 이르기를 우리가 이방인 곧 열국 족속 같이 되어서 목석을 숭배하리라 하거니와 너희 마음에 품은 것을 결코 이루지 못하리라
And that which cometh into your mind shall not be at all, that ye say , We will be as the heathen , as the families of the countries , to serve wood and stone .
33. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 나의 삶을 두고 맹세하노니 내가 능한 손과 편 팔로 분노를 쏟아 너희를 단정코 다스릴지라
As I live , saith the Lord God , surely with a mighty hand , and with a stretched out arm , and with fury poured out , will I rule over you:
34. 능한 손과 편 팔로 본노를 쏟아 너희를 열국 중에서 나오게 하며 너희의 흩어진 열방 중에서 모아내고
And I will bring you out from the people , and will gather you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered , with a mighty hand , and with a stretched out arm , and with fury poured out .
35. 너희를 인도하여 열국 광야에 이르러 거기서 너희를 대면하여 국문하되
And I will bring you into the wilderness of the people , and there will I plead with you face to face .
36. 내가 애굽 땅 광야에서 너희 열조를 국문한 것 같이 너희를 국문하리라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
Like as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt , so will I plead with you, saith the Lord God .
37. 내가 너희를 막대기 아래로 지나게 하며 언약의 줄로 매려니와
And I will cause you to pass under the rod , and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant :
38. 너희 가운데서 패역한 자와 내게 범죄한 자를 모두 제하여 버릴지라 그들을 그 우거하던 땅에서는 나오게 하여도 이스라엘 땅에는 들어가지 못하게 하리니 너희가 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라
And I will purge out from among you the rebels , and them that transgress against me: I will bring them forth out of the country where they sojourn , and they shall not enter into the land of Israel : and ye shall know that I am the Lord .
39. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 이스라엘 족속아 너희가 내 말을 듣지 아니하려거든 가서 각각 그 우상을 섬기고 이 후에도 그리하려무나 마는 다시는 너희 예물과 너희 우상들로 내 거룩한 이름을 더럽히지 말지니라
As for you, O house of Israel , thus saith the Lord God ; Go ye, serve ye every one his idols , and hereafter also, if ye will not hearken unto me: but pollute ye my holy name no more with your gifts , and with your idols .
40. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 이스라엘 온 족속이 그 땅에 있어서 내 거룩한 산 곧 이스라엘의 높은 산에서 다 나를 섬기리니 거기서 내가 그들을 기쁘게 받을지라 거기서 너희 예물과 너희 천신하는 첫 열매와 너희 모든 성물을 요구하리라
For in mine holy mountain , in the mountain of the height of Israel , saith the Lord God , there shall all the house of Israel , all of them in the land , serve me: there will I accept them, and there will I require your offerings , and the firstfruits of your oblations , with all your holy things .
41. 내가 너희를 인도하여 열국 중에서 나오게 하고 너희의 흩어진 열방 중에서 모아 낼 때에 내가 너희를 향기로 받고 내가 또 너희로 말미암아 내 거룩함을 열국의 목전에서 나타낼 것이며
I will accept you with your sweet savour , when I bring you out from the people , and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered ; and I will be sanctified in you before the heathen .
42. 내가 너희 열조에게 주기로 맹세한 땅 곧 이스라엘 땅으로 너희를 인도하여 들일 때에 너희가 나를 여호와인 줄 알고
And ye shall know that I am the Lord , when I shall bring you into the land of Israel , into the country for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to your fathers .
43. 거기서 너희의 길과 스스로 더럽힌 모든 행위를 기억하고 이미 행한 모든 악을 인하여 스스로 미워하리라
And there shall ye remember your ways , and all your doings , wherein ye have been defiled ; and ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for all your evils that ye have committed .
44. 이스라엘 족속아 내가 너희의 악한 길과 더러운 행위대로 하지 아니하고 내 이름을 위하여 행한 후에야 너희가 나를 여호와인 줄 알리라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라 하셨다 하라
And ye shall know that I am the Lord , when I have wrought with you for my name’s sake, not according to your wicked ways , nor according to your corrupt doings , O ye house of Israel , saith the Lord God .
45. 여호와의 말씀이 또 내게 임하여 가라사대
Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
46. 인자야 너는 얼굴을 남으로 향하라 남으로 향하여 소리내어 남방들의 삼림을 쳐서 예언하라
Son of man , set thy face toward the south , and drop thy word toward the south , and prophesy against the forest of the south field ;
47. 남방 삼림에게 이르기를 여호와의 말씀을 들을지어다 주 여호와의 말씀에 내가 너의 가운데 불을 일으켜 모든 푸른 나무와 모든 마른 나무를 멸하리니 맹렬한 불꽃이 꺼지지 아니하고 남에서 북까지 모든 얼굴이 그슬릴지라
And say to the forest of the south , Hear the word of the Lord ; Thus saith the Lord God ; Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree : the flaming flame shall not be quenched , and all faces from the south to the north shall be burned therein.
48. 무릇 혈기 있는 자는 나 여호와가 그 불을 일으킨 줄을 알리니 그것이 꺼지지 아니하리라 하셨다 하라 하시기로
And all flesh shall see that I the Lord have kindled it: it shall not be quenched .
49. 내가 가로되 오호라 주 여호와여 그들이 나를 가리켜 말하기를 그는 비유로 말하는 자가 아니냐 하나이다 하니라
Then said I, Ah Lord God ! they say of me, Doth he not speak parables ?
■ 주석 보기
【겔20:1 JFB】겔20:1-49. Rejection of the Elders' Application to the Prophet: Exposure of Israel's Protracted Rebellions, notwithstanding God's Long-suffering Goodness: Yet Will God Restore HisPeople at Last.
1. seventh year, &c.—namely, from the carrying away of Jeconiah (겔1:2; 8:1). This computation was calculated to make them cherish the more ardently the hope of the restoration promised them in seventy years; for, when prospects are hopeless, years are not computed [Calvin].
elders … came to inquire—The object of their inquiry, as in 겔14:1, is not stated; probably it was to ascertain the cause of the national calamities and the time of their termination, as their false prophets assured them of a speedy restoration.
【겔20:1 CWC】[CLOSE OF PART ONE]
Lack of space makes it necessary to crowd the remainder of Part 1 into a single lesson, but nothing vital to its general understanding will be lost, as the chapters are, to a certain extent, repetitions of the foregoing.
1. Lamentations for the Princes. 19.
The theme of this chapter is found in the first and last verses. The "princes" are the kings of Judah -- Jehoahaz, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah, whose histories were made familiar in the closing chapters of 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. Judah is the lioness (2). Jehoahaz is the first of her young lions (3), and Jehoiachin the second (4-9). Zedekiah is probably in mind in verse 14.
2. Rejection of the Elders. 20.
Verse 1 gives the occasion for this message, which falls into two great parts. Verses 1-32 recite the peoples' rebellions against God during five distinct periods, i. e., in Egypt (2-9), in the wilderness (10-17), on the borders of Canaan (18-26), when a new generation arose in Canaan (27-29), and finally in the prophet's own time (30-32). The explanation of verses 25 and 26 seems to be that God chastised them, as in Numbers 25, by permitting Baal's worshippers to tempt them to idolatry, ending in judgment upon them. The easy success of the tempter's arts, showed how ready they were to be led astray (compare v. 39).
Verse 32 should not lightly be passed over. It was in the heart of these Jews to live like the heathen round about them, and so escape the odium of having a peculiar God and law of their own. Moreover, they seemed to be getting nothing for it but threats and calamities, whereas the heathen seemed to be prospering. But God said it "shall not be at all," and how literally this has been fulfilled is seen in the later history of the Jews down to our day. As the Bible Commentary says: "Though the Jews seem so likely to have blended with the rest of mankind and laid aside their distinctive peculiarities, yet they have remained for centuries dispersed among all nations and without a home, but still distinct."
At verse 33, begins the second division of the prophecy. Lest the covenant people should abandon their distinctive hopes, and amalgamate with the surrounding heathen, God tells them that, as the wilderness journey from Egypt was made subservient to discipline, and also to the taking from among them the rebellious, so a severe discipline (such as the Jews for long have been actually undergoing) would be administered to them during the next exodus for the same purpose (v. 38), and to prepare them for the restored possession of their land (호2:14, 15). This was only partially fulfilled at the return from Babylon; its full accomplishment is future.
3. Three Messages of Judgment. 21.
The three messages of this chapter explain themselves to those who have followed the lessons thus far. The first might be designated the parable of the sighing prophet (1-7), the second, that of the sword of God (8-17), while the third is notable for the prophecy that thereafter there should be no true king of Israel till the Messiah came (26, 27; 행15:14-17).
4. Jerusalem's Present Sins. 22.
The repetition of Jerusalem's sins as given here suggests chapter 20; but there they were stated in a historical review, emphasis resting on the past, while here it is on the present.
5. Aholah and Aholibah. 23.
Here we have a parabolic portrayal similar to the adulterous wife in chapter 16; only that in this case it is not idolatries which are emphasized as violating the marriage covenant, but their worldly spirit, their alliances with the heathen for safety rather than confiding in God.
6. The Period of Silence Begins. 24.
"Ezekiel proves his divine mission by announcing, though three hundred miles away, the very day of the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar" (1, 2). "The ninth year" means that of Jehoiachin's captivity, which was also that of Ezekiel.
There was a self-confident proverb among the people (11:3) expressed in the sentence: "This city is the caldron and we be the flesh." They meant that Jerusalem would prove "an iron caldron-like defense from the fire" of the Babylonian hosts around about them in the siege; but God tells them that their proverb would fit the case in a different way (3-14). Jerusalem should be a caldron set upon the fire, but the people, so many pieces of flesh subjected to boiling water within.
At verse 15 a period of silence begins for the prophet, covering the three years of the siege (compare verses 1 and 27 of this chapter, with verses 21 and 22 of chapter 33). The opening of the period is marked by a personal calamity -- the death of the prophet's wife (16-18). Ezekiel is not forbidden sorrow, but only the loud expression of it after the oriental manner, that his countrymen might be moved to ask the question (19) whose answer constitutes the remainder of the chapter. When Jerusalem would be destroyed, the calamity would be so felt that the ordinary usages of mourning would be suspended, or perhaps it signified that they could not in their exile manifest their sorrow, but only "mourn one toward another." Thus the prophet was a sign unto them (24).
【겔20:1 MHCC】 The elders of Israel are reminded of the idolatry in Egypt. (겔20:1-9) In the wilderness. (겔20:10-26) In Canaan. (겔20:27-32) God promises to pardon and restore them. (겔20:33-44) Prophecy against Jerusalem. (겔20:45-49)
겔20:1-9. Those hearts are wretchedly hardened which ask God leave to go on in sin, and that even when suffering for it; see 겔20:32. God is justly angry with those who are resolved to go on still in their trespasses. Cause the people to know the evil deeds of their fathers, that they may see how righteous it was with God to cut them off.
겔20:10-26. The history of Israel in the wilderness is referred to in the new Testament as well as in the Old, for warning. God did great things for them. He gave them the law, and revived the ancient keeping of the sabbath day. Sabbaths are privileges; they are signs of our being his people. If we do the duty of the day, we shall find, to our comfort, it is the Lord that makes us holy, that is, truly happy, here; and prepares us to be happy, that is, perfectly holy, hereafter. The Israelites rebelled, and were left to the judgments they brought upon themselves. God sometimes makes sin to be its own punishment, yet he is not the Author of sin: there needs no more to make men miserable, than to give them up to their own evil desires and passions.
겔20:27-32 The Jews persisted in rebellion after they settled in the land of Canaan. And these elders seem to have thought of uniting with the heathen. We make nothing by our profession if it be but a profession. There is nothing got by sinful compliances; and the carnal projects of hypocrites will stand them in no stead.
겔20:33-44 The wicked Israelites, notwithstanding they follow the sinful ways of other nations, shall not mingle with them in their prosperity, but shall be separated from them for destruction. There is no shaking off God's dominion; and those who will not yield to the power of his grace, shall sink under the power of his wrath. But not one of God's jewels shall be lost in the lumber of this world. He will bring the jews to the land of Israel again; and will give them true repentance. They will be overcome with his kindness: the more we know of God's holiness, the more we see the hateful nature of sin. Those who remain unaffected amidst means of grace, and would live without Christ, like the world around them, may be sure it is the way to destruction.
겔20:45-49 Judah and Jerusalem had been full of people, as a forest of trees, but empty of fruit. God's word prophesies against those who bring not forth the fruits of righteousness. When He will ruin a nation, who or what can save it? The plainest truths were as parables to the people. It is common for those who will not be wrought upon by the word, to blame it.
【겔20:3 JFB】3. The chapter falls into two great parts: 겔20:1-32, the recital of the people's rebellions during five distinct periods: in Egypt, the wilderness, on the borders of Canaan when a new generation arose, in Canaan, and in the time of the prophet.
I will not be inquired of by you—because their moral state precluded them from capability of knowing the will of God (시66:18; 잠28:9; 요7:17).
【겔20:4 JFB】4. Wilt thou judge? … judge—The emphatical repetition expresses, "Wilt thou not judge? yes, judge them. There is a loud call for immediate judgment." The Hebrew interrogative here is a command, not a prohibition [Maurer]. Instead of spending time in teaching them, tell them of the abomination of their fathers, of which their own are the complement and counterpart, and which call for judgment.
【겔20:5 JFB】5, 6. The thrice lifting up of God's hand (the sign of His oath,계10:5, 6; 출6:8, Margin;민14:30; to which passages the form of words here alludes) implies the solemn earnestness of God's purpose of grace to them.
made myself known unto them—proving Myself faithful and true by the actual fulfilment of My promises (출4:31; 6:3); revealing Myself as "Jehovah," that is, not that the name was unknown before, but that then first the force of that name was manifested in the promises of God then being realized in performances.
【겔20:6 JFB】6. espied for them—as though God had spied out all other lands, and chose Canaan as the best of all lands (신8:7, 8). See 단8:9; 11:16, 41, "the glorious land"; see Margin, "land of delight," or, ornament"; "the pleasant land," or "land of desire," Z전7:14, Margin.
glory of all lands—that is, Canaan was "the beauty of all lands"; the most lovely and delightful land; "milk and honey" are not the antecedents to "which."
【겔20:7 JFB】7. Moses gives no formal statement of idolatries practised by Israel in Egypt. But it is implied in their readiness to worship the golden calf (resembling the Egyptian ox, Apis) (출32:4), which makes it likely they had worshipped such idols in Egypt. Also, in 레17:7, "They shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils (literally, seirim, 'he-goats,' the symbol of the false god, Pan), after whom they have gone awhoring." The call of God by Moses was as much to them to separate from idols and follow Jehovah, as it was to Pharaoh to let them go forth. 출6:6, 7 and 수24:14, expressly mention their idolatry "in Egypt." Hence the need of their being removed out of the contagion of Egyptian idolatries by the exodus.
every man—so universal was the evil.
of his eyes—It was not fear of their Egyptian masters, but their own lust of the eye that drew them to idols (겔6:9; 18:6).
【겔20:8 JFB】8, 9. then I said, I will … But, &c.—that is, (God speaking in condescension to human modes of conception) their spiritual degradation deserved I should destroy them, "but I wrought (namely, the deliverance 'out of … Egypt') for My name's sake"; not for their merits (a rebuke to their national pride). God's "name" means the sum-total of His perfections. To manifest these, His gratuitous mercy abounding above their sins, yet without wrong to His justice, and so to set forth His glory, was and is the ultimate end of His dealings (겔20:14, 22; 삼하7:23; 사63:12; 롬9:17).
【겔20:11 JFB】11. which if a man do, he shall … five in them—not "by them," as though they could justify a man, seeing that man cannot render the faultless obedience required (레18:5; 갈3:12). "By them" is the expression indeed in 롬10:5; but there the design is to show that, if man could obey all God's laws, he would be justified "by them" (갈3:21); but he cannot; he therefore needs to have justification by "the Lord our righteousness" (렘23:6); then, having thus received life, he "lives," that is, maintains, enjoys, and exercises this life only in so far as he walks "in" the laws of God. So 신30:15, 16. The Israelites, as a nation, had life already freely given to them by God's covenant of promise; the laws of God were designed to be the means of the outward expression of their spiritual life. As the natural life has its healthy manifestation in the full exercise of its powers, so their spiritual being as a nation was to be developed in vigor, or else decay, according as they did, or did not, walk in God's laws.
【겔20:12 JFB】12. sabbaths, … a sign between me and them—a kind of sacramental pledge of the covenant of adoption between God and His people. The Sabbath is specified as a sample of the whole law, to show that the law is not merely precepts, but privileges, of which the Sabbath is one of the highest. Not that the Sabbath was first instituted at Sinai, as if it were an exclusively Jewish ordinance (창2:2, 3), but it was then more formally enacted, when, owing to the apostasy of the world from the original revelation, one people was called out (신5:15) to be the covenant-people of God.
sanctify them—The observance of the Sabbath contemplated by God was not a mere outward rest, but a spiritual dedication of the day to the glory of God and the good of man. Otherwise it would not be, as it is made, the pledge of universal sanctification (출31:13-17; 사58:13, 14). Virtually it is said, all sanctity will flourish or decay, according as this ordinance is observed in its full spirituality or not.
【겔20:13 JFB】13. in the wilderness—They "rebelled" in the very place where death and terror were on every side and where they depended on My miraculous bounty every moment!
【겔20:15 JFB】15. I swore against them (시95:11; 106:26) that I would not permit the generation that came out of Egypt to enter Canaan.
【겔20:16 JFB】16. The special reason is stated by Moses (민13:32, 33; 14:4) to be that they, through fear arising from the false report of the spies, wished to return to Egypt; the general reasons are stated here which lay at the root of their rejection of God's grace; namely, contempt of God and His laws, and love of idols.
their heart—The fault lay in it (시78:37).
【겔20:17 JFB】17. Nevertheless—How marvellous that God should spare such sinners! His everlasting covenant explains it, His long-suffering standing out in striking contrast to their rebellions (시78:38; 렘30:11).
【겔20:18 JFB】18. I said unto their children—being unwilling to speak any more to the fathers as being incorrigible.
Walk ye not in … statutes of … fathers—The traditions of the fathers are to be carefully weighed, not indiscriminately followed. He forbids the imitation of not only their gross sins, but even their plausible statutes [Calvin].
【겔20:19 JFB】19. It is an indirect denial of God, and a robbing Him of His due, to add man's inventions to His precepts.
【겔20:20 JFB】20. (렘17:22).
【겔20:21 JFB】21. Though warned by the judgment on their fathers, the next generation also rebelled against God. The "kindness of Israel's youth and love of her espousals in the wilderness" (렘2:2, 3) were only comparative (the corruption in later times being more general), and confined to the minority; as a whole, Israel at no time fully served God. The "children" it was that fell into the fearful apostasy on the plains of Moab at the close of the wilderness sojourn (민25:1, 2; 신31:27).
【겔20:23 JFB】23. It was to that generation the threat of dispersion was proclaimed (신28:64; compare 겔29:4).
【겔20:25 JFB】25. I gave them … statutes … not good—Since they would not follow My statutes that were good, "I gave them" their own (겔20:18) and their fathers' "which were not good"; statutes spiritually corrupting, and, finally, as the consequence, destroying them. Righteous retribution (시81:12; 호8:11; 롬1:24; 살후2:11). 겔20:39 proves this view to be correct (compare 사63:17). Thus on the plains of Moab (민25:1-18), in chastisement for the secret unfaithfulness to God in their hearts, He permitted Baal's worshippers to tempt them to idolatry (the ready success of the tempters, moreover, proving the inward unsoundness of the tempted); and this again ended necessarily in punitive judgments.
【겔20:26 JFB】26. I polluted them—not directly; "but I judicially gave them up to pollute themselves." A just retribution for their "polluting My sabbaths" (겔20:24). This 겔20:26 is explanatory of 겔20:25. Their own sin I made their punishment.
caused to pass through the fire—Fairbairn translates, "In their presenting (literally, 'the causing to pass over') all their first-born," namely, to the Lord; referring to the command (출13:12, Margin, where the very same expression is used). The lustration of children by passing through the fire was a later abomination (겔20:31). The evil here spoken of was the admixture of heathenish practices with Jehovah's worship, which made Him regard all as "polluted." Here, "to the Lord" is omitted purposely, to imply, "They kept up the outward service indeed, but I did not own it as done unto Me, since it was mingled with such pollutions." But English Version is supported by the similar phraseology in 겔20:31, see on 겔20:31. They made all their children pass through the fire; but he names the first-born, in aggravation of their guilt; that is, "I had willed that the first-born should be redeemed as being Mine, but they imposed on themselves the cruel rites of offering them to Molech" (신18:10).
might know … the Lord—that they may be compelled to know Me as a powerful Judge, since they were unwilling to know Me as a gracious Father.
【겔20:27 JFB】27-29. The next period, namely, that which followed the settlement in Canaan: the fathers of the generation existing in Ezekiel's time walked in the same steps of apostasy as the generation in the wilderness.
Yet in this—Not content with past rebellions, and not moved with gratitude for God's goodness, "yet in this," still further they rebelled.
blasphemed—"have insulted me" [Calvin]. Even those who did not sacrifice to heathen gods have offered "their sacrifices" (겔20:28) in forbidden places.
【겔20:28 JFB】28. provocation of their offering—an offering as it were purposely made to provoke God.
sweet savour—What ought to have been sweet became offensive by their corruptions. He specifies the various kinds of offerings, to show that in all alike they violated the law.
【겔20:29 JFB】29. What is the high place whereunto ye go?—What is the meaning of this name? For My altar is not so called. What excellence do ye see in it, that ye go there, rather than to My temple, the only lawful place of sacrificing? The very name, "high place," convicts you of sinning, not from ignorance but perverse rebellion.
is called … unto this day—whereas this name ought to have been long since laid aside, along with the custom of sacrificing on high places which it represents, being borrowed from the heathen, who so called their places of sacrifice (the Greeks, for instance, called them by a cognate term, Bomoi), whereas I call mine Mizbeaach, "altar." The very name implies the place is not that sanctioned by Me, and therefore your sacrifices even to ME there (much more those you offer to idols) are only a "provocation" to Me (겔20:28; 신12:1-5). David and others, it is true, sacrificed to God on high places, but it was under exceptional circumstances, and before the altar was set up on Mount Moriah.
【겔20:30 JFB】30. The interrogation implies a strong affirmation, as in 겔20:4, "Are ye not polluted … ? Do ye not commit?" &c. Or, connecting this verse with 겔20:31, "Are ye thus polluted … and yet (do ye expect that) I shall be inquired of by you?"
【겔20:31 JFB】31. through the fire—As "the fire" is omitted in 겔20:26, Fairbairn represents the generation here referred to (namely, that of Ezekiel's day) as attaining the climax of guilt (see on 겔20:26), in making their children pass through the fire, which that former generation did not. The reason, however, for the omission of "the fire" in 겔20:26 is, perhaps, that there it is implied the children only "passed through the fire" for purification, whereas here they are actually burnt to death before the idol; and therefore "the fire" is specified in the latter, not in the former case (compare 왕하3:27).
【겔20:32 JFB】32. We will be as the heathen—and so escape the odium to which we are exposed, of having a peculiar God and law of our own. "We shall live on better terms with them by having a similar worship. Besides, we get from God nothing but threats and calamities, whereas the heathen, Chaldeans, &c., get riches and power from their idols." How literally God's words here ("that … shall not be at all") are fulfilled in the modern Jews! Though the Jews seemed so likely (had Ezekiel spoken as an uninspired man) to have blended with the rest of mankind and laid aside their distinctive peculiarities, as was their wish at that time, yet they have remained for eighteen centuries dispersed among all nations and without a home, but still distinct: a standing witness for the truth of the prophecy given so long ago.
【겔20:33 JFB】33. Here begins the second division of the prophecy. Lest the covenant people should abandon their distinctive hopes and amalgamate with the surrounding heathen, He tells them that, as the wilderness journey from Egypt was made subservient to discipline and also to the taking from among them the rebellious, so a severe discipline (such as the Jews are now for long actually undergoing) should be administered to them during the next exodus for the same purpose (겔20:38), and so to prepare them for the restored possession of their land (호2:14, 15). This was only partially fulfilled before, and at the return from Babylon: its full and final accomplishment is future.
with a mighty hand, … will I rule over you—I will assert My right over you in spite of your resistance (겔20:32), as a master would in the case of his slave, and I will not let you be wrested from Me, because of My regard to My covenant.
【겔20:34 JFB】34. The Jews in exile might think themselves set free from the "rule" of God (겔20:33); therefore, He intimates, He will reassert His right over them by chastening judgments, and these, with an ultimate view, not to destroy, but to restore them.
people—rather, "peoples."
【겔20:35 JFB】35. wilderness of the people—rather, "peoples," the various peoples among whom they were to be scattered, and about whom God saith (겔20:34), "I will bring you out." In contrast to the literal "wilderness of Egypt" (겔20:36), "the wilderness of the peoples" is their spiritual wilderness period of trial, discipline, and purification while exiled among the nations. As the state when they are "brought into the wilderness of the peoples" and that when they were among the peoples "from" which God was to "bring them out" (겔20:34) are distinguished, the wilderness state probably answers partially to the transition period of discipline from the first decree for their restoration by Cyrus to the time of their complete settlement in their land, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the temple. But the full and final fulfilment is future; the wilderness state will comprise not only the transition period of their restoration, but the beginning of their occupancy of Palestine, a time in which they shall endure the sorest of all their chastisements, to "purge out the rebels" (겔20:38; 단12:1); and then the remnant (Z전13:8, 9; 14:2, 3) shall "all serve God in the land" (겔20:40). Thus the wilderness period does not denote locality, but their state intervening between their rejection and future restoration.
plead—bring the matter in debate between us to an issue. Image is from a plaintiff in a law court meeting the defendant "face to face." Appropriate, as God in His dealings acts not arbitrarily, but in most righteous justice (렘2:9; 미6:2).
【겔20:36 JFB】36. (민14:21-29). Though God saved them out of Egypt, He afterwards destroyed in the wilderness them that believed not (Jude 5); so, though He brought the exiles out of Babylon, yet their wilderness state of chastening discipline continued even after they were again in Canaan.
【겔20:37 JFB】37. pass under the rod—metaphor from a shepherd who makes his sheep pass under his rod in counting them (레27:32; 렘33:13). Whether you will or not, ye shall be counted as Mine, and so shall be subjected to My chastening discipline (미7:14), with a view to My ultimate saving of the chosen remnant (compare 요10:27-29).
bond of … covenant—I will constrain you by sore chastisements to submit yourselves to the covenant to which ye are lastingly bound, though now you have cast away God's bond from you. Fulfilled in part, 느9:8, 26, 32-38; 10:1-39; fully hereafter (사54:10-13; 52:1, 2).
【겔20:38 JFB】38. (Z전13:9; 14:2).
purge out—or, "separate." Hebrew, barothi, forming a designed alliteration with "berith," the covenant; not a promise of grace, but a threat against those Jews who thought they could in exile escape the observation and "rule" of God.
land of Israel—Though brought out of the country of their sojourn or exile (Babylon formerly, and the various lands of their exile hereafter) into the literal land of Palestine, even it shall be to them an exile state, "they shall not enter into the land of Israel," that is, the spiritual state of restored favor of God to His covenant people, which shall only be given to the remnant to be saved (Z전13:8, 9).
【겔20:39 JFB】39. Equivalent to, "I would rather have you open idolaters than hypocrites, fancying you can worship Me and yet at the same time serve idols" (암5:21, 22, 25, 26; compare 왕상18:21; 왕하17:41; 마6:24; 계3:15, 16).
Go ye, serve—This is not a command to serve idols, but a judicial declaration of God's giving up of the half-idol, half-Jehovah worshippers to utter idolatry, if they will not serve Jehovah alone (시81:12; 계22:11).
hereafter also—God anticipates the same apostasy afterwards, as now.
【겔20:40 JFB】40. For—Though ye, the rebellious portion, withdraw from My worship, others, even the believing remnant, will succeed after you perish, and will serve Me purely.
in mine holy mountain—(사2:2, 3). Zion, or Moriah, "the height of Israel" (pre-eminent above all mountains because of the manifested presence of God there with Israel), as opposed to their "high places," the worship on which was an abomination to God.
all—not merely individuals, such as constitute the elect Church now; but the whole nation, to be followed by the conversion of the Gentile nations (사2:2, "all nations;" 롬11:26; 계11:15).
with—rather, "in all your holy things" [Maurer].
【겔20:41 JFB】41. with—that is, in respect to your sweet savor (literally, "savor of rest," see on 겔16:19). Or, I will accept you (your worship) "as a sweet savor" [Maurer], (엡5:2; 빌4:18). God first accepts the person in Messiah, then the offering (겔20:40; 창4:4).
bring … out from … people, &c.—the same words as in 겔20:34; but there applied to the bringing forth of the hypocrites, as well as the elect; here restricted to the saved remnant, who alone shall be at last restored literally and spiritually in the fullest sense.
sanctified in you before … heathen—(렘33:9). All the nations will acknowledge My power displayed in restoring you, and so shall be led to seek Me (사66:18; Z전14:16-19).
【겔20:43 JFB】43. there—not merely in exile when suffering punishment which makes even reprobates sorry for sin, but when received into favor in your own land.
remember—(겔16:61, 63). The humiliation of Judah (느9:1-38) is a type of the future penitence of the whole nation (호5:15; 6:1; Z전12:10-14). God's goodness realized by the sinner is the only thing that leads to true repentance (호3:5; Lu 7:37, 38).
【겔20:44 JFB】44. The English Version chapter ought to have ended here, and the twenty-first chapter begun with "Moreover," &c., as in the Hebrew Bible.
for my name's sake—(겔36:22). Gratuitously; according to My compassion, not your merits. After having commented on this verse, Calvin was laid on his death bed, and his commentary ended.
【겔20:45 JFB】45-49. An introductory brief description in enigma of the destruction by fire and sword, detailed more explicitly in 겔21:1-32.
【겔20:46 JFB】46. south … south … south—three different Hebrew words, to express the certainty of the divine displeasure resting on the region specified. The third term is from a root meaning "dry," referring to the sun's heat in the south; representing the burning judgments of God on the southern parts of Judea, of which Jerusalem was the capital.
set thy face—determinately. The prophets used to turn themselves towards those who were to be the subjects of their prophecies.
drop—as the rain, which flows in a continuous stream, sometimes gently (신32:2), sometimes violently (암7:16; 미2:6, Margin), as here.
forest—the densely populated country of Judea; trees representing people.
【겔20:47 JFB】47. fire—every kind of judgment (겔19:12; 21:3, "my sword"; 렘21:14).
green tree … dry—fit and unfit materials for fuel alike; "the righteous and the wicked," as explained in 겔21:3, 4; Lu 23:31. Unsparing universality of the judgment!
flaming flame—one continued and unextinguished flame. "The glowing flame" [Fairbairn].
faces—persons; here the metaphor is merged in the reality.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.