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■ 에스겔 16장
1. 여호와의 말씀이 또 내게 임하여 가라사대
Again the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
2. 인자야 예루살렘으로 그 가증한 일을 알게 하여
Son of man , cause Jerusalem to know her abominations ,
3. 이르기를 주 여호와께서 예루살렘에 대하여 말씀하시되 네 근본과 난 땅은 가나안이요 네 아비는 아모리 사람이요 네 어미는 헷사람이라
And say , Thus saith the Lord God unto Jerusalem ; Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of Canaan ; thy father was an Amorite , and thy mother an Hittite .
4. 너의 난 것을 말하건대 네가 날 때에 네 배꼽줄을 자르지 아니하였고 너를 물로 씻어 정결케 하지 아니하였고 네게 소금을 뿌리지 아니하였고 너를 강보에 싸지도 아니하였나니
And as for thy nativity , in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut , neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast not salted at all , nor swaddled at all .
5. 너를 돌아 보아 이 중에 한 가지라도 네게 행하여 너를 긍휼히 여긴 자가 없었으므로 네가 나던 날에 네 몸이 꺼린바 되어 네가 들에 버리웠었느니라
None eye pitied thee, to do any of these unto thee, to have compassion upon thee; but thou wast cast out in the open field , to the lothing of thy person , in the day that thou wast born .
6. 내가 네 곁으로 지나 갈 때에 네가 피투성이가 되어 발짓하는 것을 보고 네게 이르기를 너는 피투성이라도 살라 다시 이르기를 너는 피투성이라도 살라 하고
And when I passed by thee, and saw thee polluted in thine own blood , I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood , Live ; yea, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood , Live .
7. 내가 너로 들의 풀 같이 많게 하였더니 네가 크게 자라고 심히 아름다우며 유방이 뚜렷하고 네 머리털이 자랐으나 네가 오히려 벌거벗은 적신이더라
I have caused thee to multiply as the bud of the field , and thou hast increased and waxen great , and thou art come to excellent ornaments : thy breasts are fashioned , and thine hair is grown , whereas thou wast naked and bare .
8. 내가 네 곁으로 지나며 보니 네 때가 사랑스러운 때라 내 옷으로 너를 덮어 벌거벗은 것을 가리우고 네게 맹세하고 언약하여 너로 내게 속하게 하였었느니라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, behold, thy time was the time of love ; and I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness : yea, I sware unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord God , and thou becamest mine.
9. 내가 물로 너를 씻겨서 네 피를 없이 하며 네게 기름을 바르고
Then washed I thee with water ; yea, I throughly washed away thy blood from thee, and I anointed thee with oil .
10. 수 놓은 옷을 입히고 물돼지 가죽신을 신기고 가는 베로 띠우고 명주로 덧입히고
I clothed thee also with broidered work , and shod thee with badgers’ skin , and I girded thee about with fine linen , and I covered thee with silk .
11. 패물을 채우고 팔고리를 손목에 끼우고 사슬을 목에 드리우고
I decked thee also with ornaments , and I put bracelets upon thy hands , and a chain on thy neck .
12. 코고리를 코에 달고 귀고리를 귀에 달고 화려한 면류관을 머리에 씌웠나니
And I put a jewel on thy forehead , and earrings in thine ears , and a beautiful crown upon thine head .
13. 이와 같이 네가 금, 은으로 장식하고 가는 베와 명주와 수놓은 것을 입으며 또 고운 밀가루와 꿀과 기름을 먹음으로 극히 곱고 형통하여 왕후의 지위에 나아갔느니라
Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver ; and thy raiment was of fine linen , and silk , and broidered work ; thou didst eat fine flour , and honey , and oil : and thou wast exceeding beautiful , and thou didst prosper into a kingdom .
14. 네 화려함을 인하여 네 명성이 이방인 중에 퍼졌음은 내가 네게 입힌 영화로 네 화려함이 온전함이니라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
And thy renown went forth among the heathen for thy beauty : for it was perfect through my comeliness , which I had put upon thee, saith the Lord God .
15. 그러나 네가 네 화려함을 믿고 네 명성을 인하여 행음하되 무릇 지나가는 자면 더불어 음란을 많이 행하므로 네 몸이 그들의 것이 되도다
But thou didst trust in thine own beauty , and playedst the harlot because of thy renown , and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by ; his it was.
16. 네가 네 의복을 취하여 색스러운 산당을 너를 위하여 만들고 거기서 행음하였나니 이런 일은 전무후무하니라
And of thy garments thou didst take , and deckedst thy high places with divers colours , and playedst the harlot thereupon: the like things shall not come , neither shall it be so.
17. 네가 또 나의 준 금, 은 장식품으로 너를 위하여 남자 우상을 만들어 행음하며
Thou hast also taken thy fair jewels of my gold and of my silver , which I had given thee, and madest to thyself images of men , and didst commit whoredom with them,
18. 또 네 수 놓은 옷으로 그 우상에게 입히고 나의 기름과 향으로 그 앞에 베풀며
And tookest thy broidered garments , and coveredst them: and thou hast set mine oil and mine incense before them.
19. 또 내가 네게 주어 먹게 한 내 식물 곧 고운 밀가루와 기름과 꿀을 네가 그 앞에 베풀어 향기를 삼았나니 과연 그렇게 하였느니라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
My meat also which I gave thee, fine flour , and oil , and honey , wherewith I fed thee, thou hast even set it before them for a sweet savour : and thus it was, saith the Lord God .
20. 또 네가 나를 위하여 낳은 네 자녀를 가져 그들에게 드려 제물을 삼아 불살랐느니라 네가 너의 음행을 작은 일로 여겨서
Moreover thou hast taken thy sons and thy daughters , whom thou hast borne unto me, and these hast thou sacrificed unto them to be devoured . Is this of thy whoredoms a small matter ,
21. 나의 자녀들을 죽여 우상에게 붙여 불 가운데로 지나가게 하였느냐
That thou hast slain my children , and delivered them to cause them to pass through the fire for them?
22. 네 어렸을 때에 벌거벗어 적신이었으며 피투성이가 되어서 발짓하던 것을 기억지 아니하고 네가 모든 가증한 일과 음란을 행하였느니라
And in all thine abominations and thy whoredoms thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth , when thou wast naked and bare , and wast polluted in thy blood .
23. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 너는 화 있을진저 화 있을진저 네가 모든 악을 행한 후에
And it came to pass after all thy wickedness , (woe , woe unto thee! saith the Lord God ;)
24. 너를 위하여 누를 건축하며 모든 거리에 높은 대를 쌓았도다
That thou hast also built unto thee an eminent place , and hast made thee an high place in every street .
25. 네가 높은 대를 모든 길 머리에 쌓고 네 아름다움을 가증하게 하여 모든 지나가는 자에게 다리를 벌려 심히 행음하고
Thou hast built thy high place at every head of the way , and hast made thy beauty to be abhorred , and hast opened thy feet to every one that passed by , and multiplied thy whoredoms .
26. 하체가 큰 네 이웃나라 애굽 사람과도 행음하되 심히 음란히 하여 내 노를 격동하였도다
Thou hast also committed fornication with the Egyptians thy neighbours , great of flesh ; and hast increased thy whoredoms , to provoke me to anger .
27. 그러므로 내가 내 손을 네 위에 펴서 네 일용 양식을 감하고 너를 미워하는 블레셋 여자 곧 네 더러운 행실을 부끄러워하는 자에게 너를 붙여 임의로 하게 하였거늘
Behold, therefore I have stretched out my hand over thee, and have diminished thine ordinary food, and delivered thee unto the will of them that hate thee, the daughters of the Philistines , which are ashamed of thy lewd way .
28. 네가 음욕이 차지 아니하여 또 앗수르 사람과 행음하고 그들과 행음하고도 오히려 부족히 여겨
Thou hast played the whore also with the Assyrians , because thou wast unsatiable ; yea, thou hast played the harlot with them, and yet couldest not be satisfied .
29. 장사하는 땅 갈대아에까지 심히 행음하되 오히려 족한 줄을 알지 못하였느니라
Thou hast moreover multiplied thy fornication in the land of Canaan unto Chaldea ; and yet thou wast not satisfied herewith .
30. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 네가 이 모든 일을 행하니 이는 방자한 음부의 행위라 네 마음이 어찌 그리 약한지
How weak is thine heart , saith the Lord God , seeing thou doest all these things, the work of an imperious whorish woman ;
31. 네가 누를 모든 길 머리에 건축하며 높은 대를 모든 거리에 쌓고도 값을 싫어하니 창기 같지도 않도다
In that thou buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way , and makest thine high place in every street ; and hast not been as an harlot , in that thou scornest hire ;
32. 그 지아비 대신에 외인과 사통하여 간음하는 아내로다
But as a wife that committeth adultery , which taketh strangers instead of her husband !
33. 사람들은 모든 창기에게 선물을 주거늘 오직 너는 네 모든 정든 자에게 선물을 주며 값을 주어서 사방에서 와서 너와 행음하게 하니
They give gifts to all whores : but thou givest thy gifts to all thy lovers , and hirest them, that they may come unto thee on every side for thy whoredom .
34. 너의 음란함이 다른 여인과 같지 아니함은 행음하려고 너를 따르는 자가 없음이며 또 네가 값을 받지 아니하고 도리어 줌이라 그런즉 다른 여인과 같지 아니하니라
And the contrary is in thee from other women in thy whoredoms , whereas none followeth thee to commit whoredoms : and in that thou givest a reward , and no reward is given unto thee, therefore thou art contrary .
35. 그러므로 너 음부야 여호와의 말을 들을지어다
Wherefore, O harlot , hear the word of the Lord :
36. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 네가 네 누추한 것을 쏟으며 네 정든 자와 행음함으로 벗은 몸을 드러내며 또 가증한 우상을 위하여 네 자녀의 피를 그 우상에게 드렸은즉
Thus saith the Lord God ; Because thy filthiness was poured out , and thy nakedness discovered through thy whoredoms with thy lovers , and with all the idols of thy abominations , and by the blood of thy children , which thou didst give unto them;
37. 내가 저의 즐거워하는 정든 자와 사랑하던 모든 자와 미워하던 모든 자를 모으되 사방에서 모아 너를 대적하게 할 것이요 또 네 벗은 몸을 그 앞에 드러내어 그들로 그것을 다 보게 할 것이며
Behold, therefore I will gather all thy lovers , with whom thou hast taken pleasure , and all them that thou hast loved , with all them that thou hast hated ; I will even gather them round about against thee, and will discover thy nakedness unto them, that they may see all thy nakedness .
38. 내가 또 간음하고 사람의 피를 흘리는 여인을 국문함 같이 너를 국문하여 진노의 피와 투기의 피를 네게 돌리고
And I will judge thee, as women that break wedlock and shed blood are judged ; and I will give thee blood in fury and jealousy .
39. 내가 또 너를 그들의 손에 붙이리니 그들이 네 누를 헐며 네 높은 대를 훼파하며 네 의복을 벗기고 네 장식품을 빼앗고 네 몸을 벌거벗겨 버려두며
And I will also give thee into their hand , and they shall throw down thine eminent place , and shall break down thy high places : they shall strip thee also of thy clothes , and shall take thy fair jewels , and leave thee naked and bare .
40. 무리를 데리고 와서 너를 돌로 치며 칼로 찌르며
They shall also bring up a company against thee, and they shall stone thee with stones , and thrust thee through with their swords .
41. 불로 너의 집들을 사르고 여러 여인의 목전에서 너를 벌할지라 내가 너로 곧 음행을 그치게 하리니 네가 다시는 값을 주지 아니하리라
And they shall burn thine houses with fire , and execute judgments upon thee in the sight of many women : and I will cause thee to cease from playing the harlot , and thou also shalt give no hire any more.
42. 그리한즉 내가 네게 대한 내 분노가 그치며 내 투기가 네게서 떠나고 마음이 평안하여 다시는 노하지 아니하리라
So will I make my fury toward thee to rest , and my jealousy shall depart from thee, and I will be quiet , and will be no more angry .
43. 네가 어렸을 때를 기억지 아니하고 이 모든 일로 나를 격노케 하였은즉 내가 네 행위대로 네 머리에 보응하리니 네가 이 음란과 네 모든 가증한 일을 다시는 행하지 아니하리라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라
Because thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth , but hast fretted me in all these things; behold , therefore I also will recompense thy way upon thine head , saith the Lord God : and thou shalt not commit this lewdness above all thine abominations .
44. 무릇 속담하는 자가 네게 대하여 속담하기를 어미가 어떠하면 딸도 그렇다 하리라
Behold, every one that useth proverbs shall use this proverb against thee, saying , As is the mother , so is her daughter .
45. 너는 그 남편과 자녀를 싫어한 어미의 딸이요 너는 그 남편과 자녀를 싫어한 형의 동생이로다 네 어미는 헷 사람이요 네 아비는 아모리 사람이며
Thou art thy mother’s daughter , that lotheth her husband and her children ; and thou art the sister of thy sisters , which lothed their husbands and their children : your mother was an Hittite , and your father an Amorite .
46. 네 형은 그 딸들과 함께 네 좌편에 거하는 사마리아요 네 아우는 그 딸들과 함께 네 우편에 거하는 소돔이라
And thine elder sister is Samaria , she and her daughters that dwell at thy left hand : and thy younger sister , that dwelleth at thy right hand , is Sodom and her daughters .
47. 네가 그들의 행위대로만 행치 아니하며 그 가증한 대로만 행치 아니하고 그것을 적게 여겨서 네 모든 행위가 그보다 더욱 부패하였도다
Yet hast thou not walked after their ways , nor done after their abominations : but, as if that were a very little thing, thou wast corrupted more than they in all thy ways .
48. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 내가 나의 삶을 두고 맹세하노니 네 아우 소돔 곧 그와 그 딸들은 너와 네 딸들의 행위 같이 행치 아니하였느니라
As I live , saith the Lord God , Sodom thy sister hath not done , she nor her daughters , as thou hast done , thou and thy daughters .
49. 네 아우 소돔의 죄악은 이러하니 그와 그 딸들에게 교만함과 식물의 풍족함과 태평함이 있음이며 또 그가 가난하고 궁핍한 자를 도와주지 아니하며
Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom , pride , fulness of bread , and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters , neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy .
50. 거만하여 가증한 일을 내 앞에서 행하였음이라 그러므로 내가 보고 곧 그들을 없이 하였느니라
And they were haughty , and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good.
51. 사마리아는 네 죄의 절반도 범치 아니하였느니라 네가 그들보다 가증한 일을 심히 행한고로 너의 가증한 행위로 네 형과 아우를 의롭게 하였느니라
Neither hath Samaria committed half of thy sins ; but thou hast multiplied thine abominations more than they , and hast justified thy sisters in all thine abominations which thou hast done .
52. 네가 네 형과 아우를 논단하였은즉 너도 네 수치를 담당할지니라 네가 그들보다 더욱 가증한 죄를 범하므로 그들이 너보다 의롭게 되었나니 네가 네 형과 아우를 의롭게 하였은즉 너는 놀라며 네 수치를 담당할지니라
Thou also, which hast judged thy sisters , bear thine own shame for thy sins that thou hast committed more abominable than they : they are more righteous than thou: yea, be thou confounded also, and bear thy shame , in that thou hast justified thy sisters .
53. 내가 그들의 사로잡힘 곧 소돔과 그 딸들의 사로잡힘과 사마리아와 그 딸들의 사로잡힘과 그들 중에 너의 사로잡힌 자의 사로잡힘을 돌이켜서
When I shall bring again their captivity , the captivity of Sodom and her daughters , and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters , then will I bring again the captivity of thy captives in the midst of them:
54. 너로 네 수욕을 담당하고 너의 행한 모든 일을 인하여 부끄럽게 하리니 이는 네가 그들에게 위로가 됨이라
That thou mayest bear thine own shame , and mayest be confounded in all that thou hast done , in that thou art a comfort unto them.
55. 네 아우 소돔과 그 딸들이 옛 지위를 회복할 것이요 사마리아와 그 딸들도 그 옛 지위를 회복할 것이며 너와 네 딸들도 너희 옛 지위를 회복할 것이니라
When thy sisters , Sodom and her daughters , shall return to their former estate , and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former estate , then thou and thy daughters shall return to your former estate .
56. 네가 교만하던 때에 네 아우 소돔을 네 입으로 말하지도 아니하였나니
For thy sister Sodom was not mentioned by thy mouth in the day of thy pride ,
57. 곧 네 악이 드러나기 전에며 아람 딸들이 너를 능욕하기 전에며 너의 사방에 둘러 있는 블레셋 딸들이 너를 멸시하기 전에니라
Before thy wickedness was discovered , as at the time of thy reproach of the daughters of Syria , and all that are round about her, the daughters of the Philistines , which despise thee round about .
58. 네 음란과 네 가증한 일을 네가 담당하였느니라 나 여호와의 말이니라
Thou hast borne thy lewdness and thine abominations , saith the Lord .
59. 나 주 여호와가 말하노라 네가 맹세를 멸시하여 언약을 배반하였은즉 내가 네 행한 대로 네게 행하리라
For thus saith the Lord God ; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done , which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant .
60. 그러나 내가 너의 어렸을 때에 너와 세운 언약을 기억하고 너와 영원한 언약을 세우리라
Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth , and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant .
61. 네가 네 형과 아우를 접대할 때에 네 행위를 기억하고 부끄러워할 것이라 내가 그들을 네게 딸로 주려니와 네 언약으로 말미암음이 아니니라
Then thou shalt remember thy ways , and be ashamed , when thou shalt receive thy sisters , thine elder and thy younger : and I will give them unto thee for daughters , but not by thy covenant .
62. 내가 네게 내 언약을 세워서 너로 나를 여호와인 줄 알게 하리니
And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the Lord :
63. 이는 내가 네 모든 행한 일을 용서한 후에 너로 기억하고 놀라고 부끄러워서 다시는 입을 열지 못하게 하려 함이니라 나 주 여호와의 말이니라 하셨다 하라
That thou mayest remember , and be confounded , and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame , when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done , saith the Lord God .
■ 주석 보기
【겔16:1 JFB】겔16:1-63. Detailed Application of the Parabolical Delineation of the Fifteenth Chapter to Jerusalem Personified as a Daughter.
(1) Taken up by God's gratuitous favor from infancy (겔16:1-7); (2) and, when grown up, joined to Him in spiritual marriage (겔16:8-14); (3) her unfaithfulness, her sin (겔16:15-34); (4) the judgment (겔16:35-52); (5) her unlooked-for restoration (겔16:53 to the close).
【겔16:1 CWC】[PARABLES AND RIDDLES]
The Unfaithful Wife. Chapter 16.
The theme of chapter 16 is Jerusalem and her abominations (vv. 1, 2), but it is worked out in parabolic form, Jerusalem, or the nation of Israel, being personified as a female.
There are four stages in the story: (1) Jehovah adopts her as an infant (vv. 1-7); when attained to marriageable age she becomes his wife (vv. 8-14); as a wife she proves unfaithful (vv. 15-34); punishment follows (vv. 35-52); unexpected and unmerited restoration is promised (vv. 53-63).
Verse 7, first part, is corroborated by 출12:37, 38. To spread a skirt (v. 8) was an oriental mode of espousal (룻3:9). With verse 9 compare 출19:12, and similar allusions. Verses 11-13 refer to the customary marriage gifts of one who was to become a queen. Verses 15-36 speak of her worship of idols after the manner of the surrounding nations, with which was accompanied gross sins of the flesh. Verses 35-52 refer figuratively to the shame, suffering, and loss, entailed by the Babylonian siege and overthrow -- the enemy hurled stones at the siege and slew with the sword afterward (v. 40), and so on throughout.
The restoration was to be brought about at the end, not on the ground of Israel's repentance even, but of God's own promise to the fathers (v. 60). It would be His returning to them that would result in their returning to Him (v. 61).
2. The Eagles and the Vine. 17.
The "eagle" (v. 2) was the symbol of the Assyrian god Nisroch, and is here applied to the king of Babylon. "Lebanon" means Jerusalem, and "the highest branch" its King, Jeconiah, or Jehoiachin, whom the Babylonians carried away some time previously (왕하24:8-16). The "city of merchants" is Babylon. The "seed of the land planted" is Zedekiah placed on the throne of Judah by Babylon. Verse 6 means that at first Zedekiah was an obedient vassal to Babylon. The "eagle" of verse 7 is Egypt towards whom Judah turned in her heart, as a means of breaking the Babylonian yoke. But her scheme would not prosper (vv. 9, 10), as the remainder of the chapter shows.
3. Eating Sour Grapes. 18.
Verse 2 shows the people were charging injustice upon God, and claiming that they were suffering not for their own sins but their fathers, but He proves that this is not so. How does the last clause of verse 4 declare to the contrary? Note the following illustration of God's impartiality in a series of supposed cases:(a) a just man (vv. 5-9); (b) an unjust son of a just man (vv. 10-13); (c) a just son of a unjust man (vv. 14-18). "Righteousness," in verse 20 is not used as if any were absolutely righteous, which would contradict Scripture everywhere; but in the sense of seeking righteousness in God's way as far as that way had been revealed to them. In the light of the New Testament there is no ground of righteousness save that which is imputed for Christ's sake, and as the result of His atonement; but while this was not clearly understood by the Old Testament saints, yet it was the ground on which any righteousness of theirs could be accepted. This is brought out in verse 22, "in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live." Not "for," or "on account of" that righteousness, but "in" it. In the same manner, verse 31, shows not what man can do, but what he ought to do; and when he sees that he ought to make him a clean heart, and finds that he can not, he throws himself in his helplessness on God's mercy and receives it.
【겔16:1 MHCC】 A parable showing the first low estate of the Jewish nation, its prosperity, idolatries, and punishment.
겔16:1-58 In this chapter God's dealings with the Jewish nation, and their conduct towards him, are described, and their punishment through the surrounding nations, even those they most trusted in. This is done under the parable of an exposed infant rescued from death, educated, espoused, and richly provided for, but afterwards guilty of the most abandoned conduct, and punished for it; yet at last received into favour, and ashamed of her base conduct. We are not to judge of these expressions by modern ideas, but by those of the times and places in which they were used, where many of them would not sound as they do to us. The design was to raise hatred to idolatry, and such a parable was well suited for that purpose.
겔16:59-63 After a full warning of judgments, mercy is remembered, mercy is reserved. These closing verses are a precious promise, in part fulfilled at the return of the penitent and reformed Jews out of Babylon, but to have fuller accomplishment in gospel times. The Divine mercy should be powerful to melt our hearts into godly sorrow for sin. Nor will God ever leave the sinner to perish, who is humbled for his sins, and comes to trust in His mercy and grace through Jesus Christ; but will keep him by his power, through faith unto salvation.
【겔16:2 JFB】2. cause Jerusalem to know—Men often are so blind as not to perceive their guilt which is patent to all. "Jerusalem" represents the whole kingdom of Judah.
【겔16:3 JFB】3. birth … nativity—thy origin and birth; literally, "thy diggings" (compare 사51:1) "and thy bringings forth."
of … Canaan—in which Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob sojourned before going to Egypt, and from which thou didst derive far more of thy innate characteristics than from the virtues of those thy progenitors (겔21:30).
an Amorite … an Hittite—These, being the most powerful tribes, stand for the whole of the Canaanite nations (compare 수1:4; 암2:9), which were so abominably corrupt as to have been doomed to utter extermination by God (레18:24, 25, 28; 신18:12). Translate rather, "the Amorite … the Canaanite," that is, these two tribes personified; their wicked characteristics, respectively, were concentrated in the parentage of Israel (창15:16). "The Hittite" is made their "mother"; alluding to Esau's wives, daughters of Heth, whose ways vexed Rebekah (창26:34, 35; 27:46), but pleased the degenerate descendants of Jacob, so that these are called, in respect of morals, children of the Hittite (compare 겔16:45).
【겔16:4 JFB】4. Israel's helplessness in her first struggling into national existence, under the image of an infant (호2:3) cast forth without receiving the commonest acts of parental regard. Its very life was a miracle (출1:15-22).
navel … not cut—Without proper attention to the navel cord, the infant just born is liable to die.
neither … washed in water to supple thee—that is, to make the skin soft. Rather, "for purification"; from an Arabic root [Maurer]. Gesenius translates as the Margin, "that thou mightest (be presented to thy parents to) be looked upon," as is customary on the birth of a child.
salted—Anciently they rubbed infants with salt to make the skin firm.
【겔16:5 JFB】5. cast … in … open field—The exposure of infants was common in ancient times.
to the loathing of thy person—referring to the unsightly aspect of the exposed infant. Fairbairn translates, "With contempt (or disdainful indifference) of thy life."
【겔16:6 JFB】6. when I passed by—as if a traveller.
polluted in … blood—but Piscator, "ready to be trodden on."
I said—In contrast to Israel's helplessness stands God's omnipotent word of grace which bids the outcast little one "live."
in thy blood—Though thou wast foul with blood, I said, "Live" [Grotius]. "Live in thy blood," that is, Live, but live a life exposed to many deaths, as was the case in the beginnings of Israel's national existence, in order to magnify the grace of God [Calvin]. The former view is preferable. Spiritually, till the sinner is made sensible of his abject helplessness, he will not appreciate the provisions of God's grace.
【겔16:7 JFB】7. caused … to multiply—literally, "I … made thee a myriad."
bud of … field—the produce of the field. In two hundred fifty years they increased from seventy-five persons to eight hundred thousand (행7:14) [Calvin]. But see 출12:37, 38.
excellent ornaments—literally, "ornament of ornaments."
naked … bare—(호2:3). Literally, "nakedness … bareness" itself; more emphatic.
【겔16:8 JFB】8. thy time of love—literally, "loves" (compare 아2:10-13). Thou wast of marriageable age, but none was willing to marry thee, naked as thou wast. I then regarded thee with a look of grace when the full time of thy deliverance was come (창15:13, 14; 행7:6, 7). It is not she that makes the advance to God, but God to her; she has nothing to entitle her to such notice, yet He regards her not with mere benevolence, but with love, such as one cherishes to the person of his wife (아1:3-6; 렘31:3; 말1:2).
spread my skirt over thee—the mode of espousals (룻3:9). I betrothed thee (신4:37; 10:15; 호11:1). The cloak is often used as a bed coverlet in the East. God explains what He means, "I entered into … covenant with thee," that is, at Sinai. So Israel became "the wife of God's covenant" (사54:5; 렘3:14; 호2:19, 20; 말2:14).
thou … mine—(출19:5; 렘2:2).
【겔16:9 JFB】9. washed I thee—as brides used to pass through a preparatory purification (에2:12). So Israel, before the giving of the law at Sinai (출19:14); "Moses sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes." So believers (고전6:11).
oil—emblem of the Levitical priesthood, the type of Messiah (시45:7).
【겔16:10 JFB】10.시45:13, 14, similarly describes the Church (Israel, the appointed mother of Christendom) adorned as a bride (so 사61:10). It is Messiah who provides the wedding garment (계3:18; 19:8).
badgers' skin—tahash; others translate, "seal skins." They formed the over-covering of the tabernacle, which was, as it were, the nuptial tent of God and Israel (출26:14), and the material of the shoes worn by the Hebrews on festival days. (See on 출25:5).
fine linen—used by the priests (레6:10); emblem of purity.
【겔16:11 JFB】11. The marriage gifts to Rebekah (창24:22, 47).
【겔16:12 JFB】12. jewel on thy forehead—rather, "a ring in thy nose" (사3:21).
a crown—at once the badge of a bride, and of her being made a queen, as being consort of the King; the very name Israel meaning "a prince of God." So they are called "a kingdom of priests" (출19:6; compare 계1:6). Though the external blessings bestowed on Israel were great, yet not these, but the internal and spiritual, form the main reference in the kingly marriage to which Israel was advanced.
【겔16:13 JFB】13. flour … honey … oil—These three mixed form the sweetest cakes; not dry bread and leeks as in Egypt. From raiment He passes to food (신32:13, 14).
exceeding beautiful—시48:2, the city; also, 시29:2, the temple.
prosper into a kingdom—exercising empire over surrounding nations.
【겔16:14 JFB】14. thy renown … among … heathen—The theocracy reached its highest point under Solomon, when distant potentates heard of his "fame" (왕상10:1, &c.), for example, the queen of Sheba, Hiram, &c. (애2:15).
my comeliness—It was not thine own, but imparted by Me.
【겔16:15 JFB】15. Instead of attributing the glory of her privileges and gifts to God, Israel prided herself on them as her own (신32:15; 렘7:4; 미3:11), and then wantonly devoted them to her idols (호2:8; compare Lu 15:12, 13).
playedst … harlot because of thy renown—"didst play the wanton upon thy name" [Fairbairn], namely, by allowing thy renown to lead thee into idolatry and leagues with idolaters (사1:21; 57:8; 렘3:2, 6). English Version is better, "because of thy renown," that is, relying on it; answering to "thou didst trust in thine own beauty."
his it was—Thy beauty was yielded up to every passer-by. Israel's zest for the worship of foul idols was but an anxiety to have the approbation of heaven for their carnal lusts, of which the idols were the personification; hence, too, their tendency to wander from Jehovah, who was a restraint on corrupt nature.
【겔16:16 JFB】16. deckedst … with divers colours—or, "didst make … of divers colors" [Fairbairn]; the metaphor and the literal are here mixed. The high places whereon they sacrificed to Astarte are here compared to tents of divers colors, which an impudent harlot would spread to show her house was open to all [Calvin]. Compare as to "woven hangings for Astarte" (the right translation for "grove") 왕하23:7.
the like … shall not come, neither shall … be—rather, "have not come, nor shall be." These thy doings are unparalleled in the past, and shall be so in the future.
【겔16:17 JFB】17. my gold … my silver—(학2:8).
images of men—rather, "of the phallus," the Hindu lingam, or membrum virile [Havernick], deified as the emblem of fecundity; man making his lust his god. English Version, however, is appropriate; Israel being represented as a woman playing the harlot with "male images," that is, images of male gods, as distinguished from female deities.
【겔16:18 JFB】18. tookest thy … garments … coveredst them—that is, the idols, as if an adulteress were to cover her paramours with garments which she had received from the liberality of her husband.
my oil—the holy anointing oil sacred to God (출30:22-25). Also that used in sacrifices (레2:1, 2).
【겔16:19 JFB】19. My meat … I gave—(호2:8).
set it before them—as a minchah or "meat offering" (레2:1).
a sweet savour—literally, "a savor of rest," that is, whereby they might be propitiated, and be at peace ("rest") with you; how ridiculous to seek to propitiate gods of wood!
thus it was—The fact cannot be denied, for I saw it, and say it was so, saith Jehovah.
【겔16:20 JFB】20, 21. sons and … daughters borne unto me—Though "thy children," yet they belong "unto Me," rather than to thee, for they were born under the immutable covenant with Israel, which even Israel's sin could not set aside, and they have received the sign of adoption as Mine, namely, circumcision. This aggravates the guilt of sacrificing them to Molech.
to be devoured—not merely to pass through the fire, as sometimes children were made to do (레18:21) without hurt, but to pass through so as to be made the food of the flame in honor of idols (see on 사57:5; 렘7:31; 렘19:5; 렘32:35).
Is this of thy whoredoms a small matter, that thou hast slain my children—rather, "Were thy whoredoms a small matter (that is, not enough, but) that thou hast slain (that is, must also slay)," &c. As if thy unchastity was not enough, thou hast added this unnatural and sacrilegious cruelty (미6:7).
【겔16:22 JFB】22. not remembered … youth—Forgetfulness of God's love is the source of all sins. Israel forgot her deliverance by God in the infancy of her national life. See 겔16:43, to which 겔16:60 forms a lovely contrast (렘2:2; 호11:1).
【겔16:23 JFB】23. woe, woe unto thee, &c.—This parenthetical exclamation has an awful effect coming like a lightning flash of judgment amidst the black clouds of Israel's guilt.
【겔16:24 JFB】24. eminent place—rather, "a fornication-chamber," often connected with the impure rites of idolatry; spiritual fornication, on "an eminent place," answering to "fornication-chamber," is mainly meant, with an allusion also to the literal fornication associated with it (렘2:20; 3:2).
【겔16:25 JFB】25. at every head of the way—in the most frequented places (잠9:14).
thy beauty … abhorred, … opened … feet to every one—The wanton advances were all on Israel's part; the idolatrous nations yielded to her nothing in return. She had yielded so much that, like a worn-out prostitute, her tempters became weary of her. When the Church lowers her testimony for God to the carnal tastes of the world, with a view to conciliation, she loses everything and gains nothing.
【겔16:26 JFB】26. fornication with … Egyptians—alliances with Egypt, cemented by sharing their idolatries.
great of flesh—of powerful virile parts; figuratively for the gross and lustful religion of Egypt (for example, Isis, &c.), which alone could satisfy the abominable lust of Israel (겔20:7, 8; 23:19, 20, 21).
to provoke me—wantonly and purposely.
【겔16:27 JFB】27. The consequent judgments, which, however, proved of no avail in reforming the people (사9:13; 렘5:3).
delivered thee unto … Philistines—(왕하16:6; 대하28:18, 19).
ashamed of thy lewd way—The Philistines were less wanton in idolatry, in that they did not, like Israel, adopt the idols of every foreign country but were content with their own (겔16:57; 렘2:11).
【겔16:28 JFB】28. unsatiable—Not satisfied with whoredoms with neighbors, thou hast gone off to the distant Assyrians, that is, hast sought a league with them, and with it adopted their idolatries.
【겔16:29 JFB】29. multiplied … fornication in … Canaan unto Chaldea—Thou hast multiplied thy idolatries "in Canaan" by sending "unto Chaldea" to borrow from thence the Chaldean rites, to add to the abominations already practised "in Canaan," before the carrying away of Jehoiachin to Chaldea. The name "Canaan" is used to imply that they had made Judea as much the scene of abominations as it was in the days of the corrupt Canaanites. The land had become utterly Canaanitish (겔23:14, &c.).
【겔16:30 JFB】30. weak … heart—Sin weakens the intellect ("heart") as, on the contrary, "the way of the Lord is strength to the upright" (잠10:29).
【겔16:31 JFB】31. Repetition of 겔16:24.
not … as … harlot … thou scornest hire—Unlike an ordinary harlot thou dost prostitute thy person gratis, merely to satisfy thy lust. Jerome translates, "Thou hast not been as a harlot in scorning (that is, who ordinarily scorns) a hire offered," in order to get a larger one: nay, thou hast offered hire thyself to thy lovers (겔16:33, 34). But these verses show English Version to be preferable, for they state that Israel prostituted herself, not merely for any small reward without demanding more, but for "no reward."
【겔16:32 JFB】32. instead of her husband—referring to 민5:19, 20, 29. Fairbairn translates, "whilst under her husband."
【겔16:33 JFB】33, 34. Israel hired her paramours, instead of being, like other harlots, hired by them; she also followed them without their following her.
【겔16:35 JFB】35. Here begins the threat of wrath to be poured out on her.
【겔16:36 JFB】36. filthiness—literally, "brass"; metaphor for the lowest part of the person [Calvin]. English Version is better: thy filthy lewdness is poured out without restraint (compare 렘13:27). As silver is an emblem of purity, brass typifies "filthiness," because it easily contracts rust. Henderson explains it, "Because thy money was lavished on thy lovers" (겔16:31, 33, 34).
blood of thy children—(겔16:20; 렘2:34).
【겔16:37 JFB】37. thy lovers—the Chaldeans and the Assyrians. The law of retribution is the more signally exemplified by God employing, as His instruments of judgment on Israel, those very nations whose alliance and idols Israel had so eagerly sought, besides giving her up to those who had been always her enemies. "God will make him, who leaves God for the world, disgraced even in the eyes of the world, and indeed the more so the nearer he formerly stood to Himself" [Hengstenberg], (사47:3; 렘13:26; 호2:12; 나3:5).
all … thou hast hated—the Edomites and Philistines; also Moab and Ammon especially (신23:3).
I … will discover thy nakedness—punishment in kind, as she had "discovered her nakedness through whoredoms" (겔16:36); the sin and its penalty corresponded. I will expose thee to public infamy.
【겔16:38 JFB】38-40. judge thee, as women that break wedlock—(레20:10; compare 겔16:2). In the case of individual adulteresses, stoning was the penalty (요8:4, 5). In the case of communities, the sword. Also apostasy (신13:10) and sacrificing children to Molech (레20:1-5) incurred stoning. Thus the penalty was doubly due to Israel; so the other which was decreed against an apostate city (신13:15, 16) is added, "they shall stone thee with stones and thrust thee through with … swords." The Chaldeans hurled stones on Jerusalem at the siege and slew with the sword on its capture.
shed blood … judged—(창9:6).
jealousy—image taken from the fury of a husband in jealousy shedding the blood of an unfaithful wife, such as Israel had been towards God, her husband spiritually. Literally, "I will make thee (to become) blood of fury and jealousy."
【겔16:39 JFB】39. thine eminent place—literally, "fornication-chamber" (see on 겔16:24), the temple which Israel had converted into a place of spiritual fornication with idols, to please the Chaldeans (겔23:14-17).
strip thee of … clothes—(겔23:26; 호2:3). They shall dismantle thy city of its walls.
fair jewels—literally, "vessels of thy fairness" or beauty; the vessels of the temple [Grotius]. All the gifts wherewith God hath adorned thee [Calvin].
【겔16:40 JFB】40. (겔23:10, 47). Compare as to the destruction under Titus, Lu 19:43, 44.
【겔16:41 JFB】41. The result of the awful judgment shall be, when divine vengeance has run its course, it shall cease.
burn—(신13:16; 왕하25:9).
women—the surrounding Gentile nations to whom thou shalt be an object of mocking (시137:7).
I will cause thee to cease … harlot—(겔23:27). Thou shalt no longer be able to play the harlot through My judgments.
thou … shall give … no hire … any more—Thou shalt have none to give.
【겔16:42 JFB】42. my fury … rest—when My justice has exacted the full penalty commensurate with thy awful guilt (see on 겔5:13). It is not a mitigation of the penalty that is here foretold, but such an utter destruction of all the guilty that there shall be no need of further punishment [Calvin].
【겔16:43 JFB】43. (겔16:22; 시78:42). In gratitude for God's favors to her in her early history.
fretted me—(사63:10; 엡4:30).
thou shalt not commit this lewdness above all thine abominations—that is, this the wickedness (compare Z전5:8), peculiarly hateful to God, namely, spiritual unchastity or idolatry, over and "above" (that is, besides) all thine other abominations. I will put it out of thy power to commit it by cutting thee off. Fairbairn translates, "I will not do what is scandalous (namely, encouraging thee in thy sin by letting it pass with impunity) upon all thine abominations"; referring to 레19:29, the conduct of a father who encouraged his daughter in harlotry. English Version is much better.
【겔16:44 JFB】44. As … mother … her daughter—"Is," and "so is," are not in the original; the ellipsis gives the proverb (but two words in the Hebrew) epigrammatic brevity. Jerusalem proved herself a true daughter of the Hittite mother in sin (겔16:3).
【겔16:45 JFB】45. mother's … that loatheth her husband—that is, God ("haters of God," 롬1:30); therefore the knowledge of the true God had originally been in Canaan, handed down from Noah (hence we find Melchisedek, king of Salem, in Canaan, "priest of the most high God," 창14:18), but Canaan apostatized from it; this was what constituted the blackness of the Canaanites' guilt.
loathed … children—whom she put to death in honor of Saturn; a practice common among the Phœnicians.
sister of thy sisters—Thou art akin in guilt to Samaria and Sodom, to which thou art akin by birth. Moab and Ammon, the incestuous children of Lot, nephew of Abraham, Israel's progenitor, had their origin from Sodom; so Sodom might be called Judah's sister. Samaria, answering to the ten tribes of Israel, is, of course, sister to Judah.
【겔16:46 JFB】46. elder sister … Samaria—older than Sodom, to whom Judah was less nearly related by kindred than she was to Samaria. Sodom is therefore called her younger sister; Samaria, her "elder sister" [Grotius]. Samaria is called the "elder," because in a moral respect more nearly related to Judah [Fairbairn]. Samaria had made the calves at Dan and Beth-el in imitation of the cherubim.
her daughters—the inferior towns subject to Samaria (compare 민21:25, Margin).
left—The Orientals faced the east in marking the directions of the sky; thus the north was "left," the south "right."
Sodom … daughters—Ammon and Moab, offshoots from Sodom; also the towns subject to it.
【겔16:47 JFB】47. their abominations—Milcom and Chemosh, the "abominations of Ammon and Moab" (왕상11:5, 7).
corrupted more than they—So it is expressly recorded of Manasseh (왕하21:9).
【겔16:48 JFB】48. Sodom—(마11:24). Judah's guilt was not positively, but relatively, greater than Sodom's; because it was in the midst of such higher privileges, and such solemn warnings; a fortiori, the guilt of unbelievers in the midst of the highest of all lights, namely, the Gospel, is the greatest.
【겔16:49 JFB】49. pride—inherited by Moab, her offspring (사16:6; 렘48:26), and by Ammon (렘49:4). God, the heart-searcher, here specifies as Sodom's sin, not merely her notorious lusts, but the secret spring of them, "pride" flowing from "fullness of bread," caused by the fertility of the soil (창13:10), and producing "idleness."
abundance of idleness—literally, "the secure carelessness of ease" or idleness.
neither did she strengthen … the poor—Pride is always cruel; it arrogates to itself all things, and despises brethren, for whose needs it therefore has no feeling; as Moab had not for the outcast Jews (사16:3, 4; 렘48:27; Lu 16:19-21; 약5:1-5).
【겔16:50 JFB】50. haughty—puffed up with prosperity.
abomination before me—"sinners before the Lord" (창13:13); said of those whose sin is so heinous as to cry out to God for immediate judgments; presumptuous sins, daring God to the face (창18:20; 19:5).
I took them away—(창19:24).
as I saw good—rather, "according to what I saw"; referring to 창18:21, where God says, "I will go down, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it which is come unto Me."
【겔16:51 JFB】51. Samaria—the kingdom of the ten tribes of Israel less guilty than Judah; for Judah betrayed greater ingratitude, having greater privileges, namely, the temple, the priesthood, and the regular order of kings.
justified thy sisters—made them appear almost innocent by comparison with thy guilt (렘3:11; 마12:41, 42).
【겔16:52 JFB】52. Thou … which hast judged … bear thine own—(마7:1, 2; 롬2:1, 17-23). Judah had judged Sodom (representing "the heathen nations") and Samaria (Israel), saying they were justly punished, as if she herself was innocent (Lu 13:2).
thy shame—ignominious punishment.
【겔16:53 JFB】53. Here follows a promise of restoration. Even the sore chastisements coming on Judah would fail to reform its people; God's returning goodness alone would effect this, to show how entirely of grace was to be their restoration. The restoration of her erring sisters is mentioned before hers, even as their punishment preceded her punishment; so all self-boasting is excluded [Fairbairn]. "Ye shall, indeed, at some time or other return, but Moab and Ammon shall return with you, and some of the ten tribes" [Grotius].
bring again … captivity—that is, change the affliction into prosperity (so 욥42:10). Sodom itself was not so restored (렘20:16), but Ammon and Moab (her representatives, as sprung from Lot who dwelt in Sodom) were (렘48:47; 49:6); probably most of the ten tribes and the adjoining nations, Ammon and Moab, &c., were in part restored under Cyrus; but the full realization of the restoration is yet future; the heathen nations to be brought to Christ being typified by "Sodom," whose sins they now reproduce (신32:32).
captivity of thy captives—literally, "of thy captivities." However, the gracious promise rather begins with the "nevertheless" (겔16:60), not here; for 겔16:59 is a threat, not a promise. The sense here thus is, Thou shalt be restored when Sodom and Samaria are, but not till then (겔16:55), that is, never. This applies to the guilty who should be utterly destroyed (겔16:41, 42); but it does not contradict the subsequent promise of restoration to their posterity (민14:29-33), and to the elect remnant of grace [Calvin].
【겔16:54 JFB】54. bear thine own shame—by being put on a level with those whom thou hast so much despised.
thou art a comfort unto them—since they see thee as miserable as themselves. It is a kind of melancholy "comfort" to those chastised to see others as sorely punished as themselves (겔14:22, 23).
【겔16:55 JFB】55. (See on 겔16:53).
【겔16:56 JFB】56. Sodom was not mentioned—literally, "was not for a report." Thou didst not deign to mention her name as if her case could possibly apply as a warning to thee, but it did apply (벧후2:6).
【겔16:57 JFB】57. Before thy wickedness was discovered—manifested to all, namely, by the punishment inflicted on thee.
thy reproach of … Syria and … Philistines—the indignity and injuries done thee by Syria and the Philistines (왕하16:5; 대하28:18; 사9:11, 12).
【겔16:58 JFB】58. borne thy lewdness—that is, the punishment of it (겔23:49). I do not treat thee with excessive rigor. Thy sin and punishment are exactly commensurate.
【겔16:59 JFB】59. the oath—the covenant between God and Israel (신29:12, 14). As thou hast despised it, so will I despise thee. No covenant is one-sided; where Israel broke faith, God's promise of favor ceased.
【겔16:60 JFB】60. The promise here bursts forth unexpectedly like the sun from the dark clouds. With all her forgetfulness of God, God still remembers her; showing that her redemption is altogether of grace. Contrast "I will remember," with "thou hast not remembered" (겔16:22, 43); also "My covenant," with "Thy covenant" (겔16:61; 시106:45); then the effect produced on her is (겔16:63) "that thou mayest remember." God's promise was one of promise and of grace. The law, in its letter, was Israel's (thy) covenant, and in this restricted view was long subsequent (갈3:17). Israel interpreted it as a covenant of works, which she while boasting of, failed to fulfil, and so fell under its condemnation (고후3:3, 6). The law, in its spirit, contains the germ of the Gospel; the New Testament is the full development of the Old, the husk of the outer form being laid aside when the inner spirit was fulfilled in Messiah. God's covenant with Israel, in the person of Abraham, was the reason why, notwithstanding all her guilt, mercy was, and is, in store for her. Therefore the heathen or Gentile nations must come to her for blessings, not she to them.
everlasting covenant—(겔37:26; 삼하23:5; 사55:3). The temporary forms of the law were to be laid aside, that in its permanent and "everlasting" spirit it might be established (렘31:31-37; 32:40; 50:4, 5; 히8:8-13).
【겔16:61 JFB】61. thou shalt remember—It is God who first remembers her before she remembers Him and her own ways before Him (겔16:60; 겔20:43; 36:31).
ashamed—the fruit of repentance (고후7:10, 11). None please God unless those who displease themselves; a foretaste of the Gospel (Lu 18:9-14).
I will give them unto thee for daughters—(사54:1; 60:3, 4; 갈4:26, &c.). All the heathen nations, not merely Sodom and Samaria, are meant by "thy sisters, elder and younger." In Jerusalem first, individual believers were gathered into the elect Church. From Jerusalem the Gospel went forth to gather in individuals of the Gentiles; and Judah with Jerusalem shall also be the first nation which, as such, shall be converted to Christ; and to her the other nations shall attach themselves as believers in Messiah, Jerusalem's King (시110:2; 사2:2, 3). "The king's daughter" in 시45:12-14 is Judah; her "companions," as "the daughter of Tyre," are the nations given to her as converts, here called "daughters."
not by thy covenant—This does not set aside the Old Testament in its spirit, but in its mere letter on which the Jews had rested, while they broke it: the latter ("thy covenant") was to give place to God's covenant of grace and promise in Christ who "fulfilled" the law. God means, "not that thou on thy part hast stood to the covenant, but that 'I am the Lord, I change not' (말3:6) from My original love to thee in thy youth" (see 롬3:3).
【겔16:62 JFB】62. (호2:19, 20).
thou shalt know that I am the Lord—not, as elsewhere, by the judgments falling on thee, but by My so marvellously restoring thee through grace.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.