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■ 에스겔 10장
1. 이에 내가 보니 그룹들 머리 위 궁창에 남보석 같은 것이 나타나는데 보좌 형상 같더라
Then I looked , and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone , as the appearance of the likeness of a throne .
2. 하나님이 가는 베옷 입은 사람에게 일러 가라사대 너는 그룹 밑바퀴 사이로 들어가서 그 속에서 숯불을 두 손에 가득히 움켜 가지고 성읍 위에 흩으라 하시매 그가 내 목전에 들어가더라
And he spake unto the man clothed with linen , and said , Go in between the wheels , even under the cherub , and fill thine hand with coals of fire from between the cherubims , and scatter them over the city . And he went in in my sight .
3. 그 사람이 들어갈 때에 그룹들은 성전 우편에 섰고 구름은 안 뜰에 가득하며
Now the cherubims stood on the right side of the house , when the man went in ; and the cloud filled the inner court .
4. 여호와의 영광이 그룹에서 올라 성전 문지방에 임하니 구름이 성전에 가득하며 여호와의 영화로운 광채가 뜰에 가득하였고
Then the glory of the Lord went up from the cherub , and stood over the threshold of the house ; and the house was filled with the cloud , and the court was full of the brightness of the Lord’s glory .
5. 그룹들의 날개 소리는 바깥 뜰까지 들리는데 전능하신 하나님의 말씀하시는 음성 같더라
And the sound of the cherubims’ wings was heard even to the outer court , as the voice of the Almighty God when he speaketh .
6. 하나님이 가는 베옷 입은 자에게 명하시기를 바퀴 사이 곧 그룹들 사이에서 불을 취하라 하셨으므로 그가 들어가 바퀴 옆에 서매
And it came to pass, that when he had commanded the man clothed with linen , saying , Take fire from between the wheels , from between the cherubims ; then he went in , and stood beside the wheels .
7. 한 그룹이 그룹들 사이에서 손을 내밀어 그 그룹들 사이에 있는 불을 취하여 가는 베옷 입은 자의 손에 주매 그가 받아 가지고 나가는데
And one cherub stretched forth his hand from between the cherubims unto the fire that was between the cherubims , and took thereof, and put it into the hands of him that was clothed with linen : who took it, and went out .
8. 그룹들의 날개 밑에 사람의 손 같은 것이 나타났더라
And there appeared in the cherubims the form of a man’s hand under their wings .
9. 내가 보니 그룹들 곁에 네 바퀴가 있는데 이 그룹 곁에도 한 바퀴가 있고 저 그룹 곁에도 한 바퀴가 있으며 그 바퀴 모양은 황옥 같으며
And when I looked , behold the four wheels by the cherubims , one wheel by one cherub , and another wheel by another cherub : and the appearance of the wheels was as the colour of a beryl stone .
10. 그 모양은 넷이 한결 같은데 마치 바퀴 안에 바퀴가 있는 것 같으며
And as for their appearances , they four had one likeness , as if a wheel had been in the midst of a wheel .
11. 그룹들이 행할 때에는 사방으로 향한 대로 돌이키지 않고 행하되 돌이키지 않고 그 머리 향한 곳으로 행하며
When they went , they went upon their four sides ; they turned not as they went , but to the place whither the head looked they followed it; they turned not as they went .
12. 그 온 몸과 등과 손과 날개와 바퀴 곧 네 그룹의 바퀴의 둘레에 다 눈이 가득하더라
And their whole body , and their backs , and their hands , and their wings , and the wheels , were full of eyes round about , even the wheels that they four had.
13. 내가 들으니 그 바퀴들을 도는 것이라 칭하며
As for the wheels , it was cried unto them in my hearing , O wheel .
14. 그룹들은 각기 네 면이 있는데 첫 면은 그룹의 얼굴이요 둘째 면은 사람의 얼굴이요 셋째는 사자의 얼굴이요 넷째는 독수리의 얼굴이더라
And every one had four faces : the first face was the face of a cherub , and the second face was the face of a man , and the third the face of a lion , and the fourth the face of an eagle .
15. 그룹들이 올라가니 그들은 내가 그발 강 가에서 보던 생물이라
And the cherubims were lifted up . This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar .
16. 그룹들이 행할 때에는 바퀴도 그 곁에서 행하고 그룹들이 날개를 들고 땅에서 올라가려 할 때에도 바퀴가 그 곁을 떠나지 아니하며
And when the cherubims went , the wheels went by them : and when the cherubims lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth , the same wheels also turned not from beside them.
17. 그들이 서면 이들도 서고 그들이 올라가면 이들도 함께 올라가니 이는 생물의 신이 바퀴 가운데 있음이더라
When they stood , these stood ; and when they were lifted up , these lifted up themselves also: for the spirit of the living creature was in them.
18. 여호와의 영광이 성전 문지방을 떠나서 그룹들 위에 머무르니
Then the glory of the Lord departed from off the threshold of the house , and stood over the cherubims .
19. 그룹들이 날개를 들고 내 목전에 땅에서 올라가는데 그들이 나갈 때에 바퀴도 그 곁에서 함께 하더라 그들이 여호와의 전으로 들어가는 동문에 머물고 이스라엘 하나님의 영광이 그 위에 덮였더라
And the cherubims lifted up their wings , and mounted up from the earth in my sight : when they went out , the wheels also were beside them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the Lord’s house ; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above .
20. 그것은 내가 그발 강 가에서 본바 이스라엘 하나님의 아래 있던 생물이라 그들이 그룹들인 줄을 내가 아니라
This is the living creature that I saw under the God of Israel by the river of Chebar ; and I knew that they were the cherubims .
21. 각기 네 얼굴과 네 날개가 있으며 날개 밑에는 사람의 손 형상이 있으니
Every one had four faces apiece , and every one four wings ; and the likeness of the hands of a man was under their wings .
22. 그 얼굴의 형상은 내가 그발 강 가에서 보던 얼굴이며 그 모양과 몸뚱이도 그러하며 각기 곧게 앞으로 행하더라
And the likeness of their faces was the same faces which I saw by the river of Chebar , their appearances and themselves: they went every one straight forward .
■ 주석 보기
【겔10:1 JFB】겔10:1-22. Vision of Coals of Fire Scattered over the City: Repetition of the Vision of the Cherubim.
1. The throne of Jehovah appearing in the midst of the judgments implies that whatever intermediate agencies be employed, He controls them, and that the whole flows as a necessary consequence from His essential holiness (겔1:22, 26).
cherubim—in 겔1:5, called "living creatures." The repetition of the vision implies that the judgments are approaching nearer and nearer. These two visions of Deity were granted in the beginning of Ezekiel's career, to qualify him for witnessing to God's glory amidst his God-forgetting people and to stamp truth on his announcements; also to signify the removal of God's manifestation from the visible temple (겔10:18) for a long period (겔43:2). The feature (겔10:12) mentioned as to the cherubim that they were "full of eyes," though omitted in the former vision, is not a difference, but a more specific detail observed by Ezekiel now on closer inspection. Also, here, there is no rainbow (the symbol of mercy after the flood of wrath) as in the former; for here judgment is the prominent thought, though the marking of the remnant in 겔9:4, 6 shows that there was mercy in the background. The cherubim, perhaps, represent redeemed humanity combining in and with itself the highest forms of subordinate creaturely life (compare 롬8:20). Therefore they are associated with the twenty-four elders and are distinguished from the angels (계5:1-14). They stand on the mercy seat of the ark, and on that ground become the habitation of God from which His glory is to shine upon the world. The different forms symbolize the different phases of the Church. So the quadriform Gospel, in which the incarnate Saviour has lodged the revelation of Himself in a fourfold aspect, and from which His glory shines on the Christian world, answers to the emblematic throne from which He shone on the Jewish Church.
【겔10:1 CWC】[VISIONS OF IDOLATRY]
It is the general opinion that these chapters introduce a new stage of the prophecies, and that while those of the last lesson comprehended Judah and Israel, these refer more particularly to Jerusalem and the people of Judah under Zedekiah. The fuller story of this period was in Jeremiah.
The prophet is seen in his own house by the Chebar, and the elders of Judah are before him for instruction (8:1). "Elders" we understand to mean some who are in captivity with the prophet.
"The Visions of God to Jerusalem" (v. 3), concern the profanations of the temple and other wickedness of the people past and present, and because of which the partial captivity had befallen them which was speedily to be followed by a completer one.
As another puts it, the prophet was showing these things to the present generation of Jews in Babylon to justify to them, the righteousness of God in their present chastening. There were some of the younger element who had been born in captivity and to whom these things presumably were unknown. The visions were so vivid to the prophet that it seems as if he were transferred back to Jerusalem at the time these things were occurring.
1. The Third Vision of Glory. 8: 1-4.
Verse 1 compared with 1:2, raises the presumption that the "lying on his sides" (vv. 5, 6), had been completed. Verse 2, refers to a further manifestation of the Messiah as the Angel of the Covenant, in whose person alone God manifests Himself. (요1:18). Verse 3, "the image of jealousy" was a heathen image worshiped with licentious rites and provoking God's jealousy (출20:5). Verse 4, refers to the Shekinah which still rested over the temple and upon the mercy-seat.
2. The Profanations of the Temp레8:5-18.
The idolatries named (v. 10) had been introduced from Egypt. "Chambers of his imagery," (v. 12) means his perverse imagination. "Tammuz" (v. 14) the name of a heathen god, the Syrian form of Adonais. "The branch to the nose" (v. 17), refers to the sacred trees which were symbols in idol worship.
3. Sealing the Faithful. 9:1-11.
"Them that have charge over the city" (1) are doubtless angelic executioners of God's will as in 단4:13, 17, 23, and elsewhere. The man with the ink horn (2) is thought to symbolize the Messiah, who is here marking His elect (v. 4, compare with 출12:7, 계7:3, and other places). The departure of the "glory of the God of Israel" (3) is significant, presaging His final departure from the nation which would be given over to its punishment. Quoting Scofield, "It is noteworthy that to Ezekiel, the priest, was given the vision of the glory departing from the cherubim to the threshold (9:3); then from the threshold (10:18); then from the temple and the city to the mountain on the east of Jerusalem (11:13), and finally returning again to the temple to abide permanently in the millennium (43:2-5).
4. The Judgments Spreading. 10-11: 13.
"The wrath of God is now about to burn the city, as His sword in the hand of Babylon, had slain its inhabitants." This is the story of chapter 10, but in 11 we have a separate prophecy of the punishment of the corrupt princes. Their wicked counsel is indicated in verse 3, which agrees with what we saw in Jeremiah. They were ever contending against that prophet that his word was not true, and that destruction by the Babylonians was not coming. They, therefore, because of their unbelief, were responsible for the slain of the city (vv. 6, 7). Their judgment was certain (vv. 8-13).
5. Future Restoration Promised. 11:14-25.
Ezekiel wonders if there shall be no salvation (v. 13), and he is told that those who have been carried away, and whom the remainder in the land despised and sneered at for that reason, will be watched over wherever they are (v. 16). This leads to that prophecy of the future repentance and restoration of the nation with which we have become familiar in other prophets. Verses 17-21, is a picture of the millennial period.
【겔10:1 MHCC】 A vision of the burning of the city. (겔10:1-7) The Divine glory departing from the temple. (겔10:8-22)
겔10:1-7 The fire being taken from between the wheels, under the cherubim, 겔1:13, seems to have signified the wrath of God to be executed upon Jerusalem. It intimated that the fire of Divine wrath, which kindles judgment upon a people, is just and holy; and in the great day, the earth, and all the works that are therein, will be burnt up.
겔10:8-22 Ezekiel sees the working of Divine providence in the government of the lower world, and the affairs of it. When God is leaving a people in displeasure, angels above, and all events below, further his departure. The Spirit of life, the Spirit of God, directs all creatures, in heaven and on earth, so as to make them serve the Divine purpose. God removes by degrees from a provoking people; and, when ready to depart, would return to them, if they were a repenting, praying people. Let this warn sinners to seek the Lord while he may be found, and to call on him while he is near, and cause us all to walk humbly and watchfully with our God.
【겔10:2 JFB】2. he—Jehovah; He who sat on the "throne."
the man—the Messenger of mercy becoming the Messenger of judgment (see on 겔9:2). Human agents of destruction shall fulfil the will of "the Man," who is Lord of men.
wheels—Hebrew, galgal, implying quick revolution; so the impetuous onset of the foe (compare 겔23:24; 26:10); whereas "ophan," in 겔1:15, 16 implies mere revolution.
coals of fire—the wrath of God about to burn the city, as His sword had previously slain its guilty inhabitants. This "fire," how different from the fire on the altar never going out (레6:12, 13), whereby, in type, peace was made with God! Compare 사33:12, 14. It is therefore not taken from the altar of reconciliation, but from between the wheels of the cherubim, representing the providence of God, whereby, and not by chance, judgment is to fall.
【겔10:3 JFB】3. right … of … house—The scene of the locality whence judgment emanates is the temple, to mark God's vindication of His holiness injured there. The cherubim here are not those in the holy of holies, for the latter had not "wheels." They stood on "the right of the house," that is, the south, for the Chaldean power, guided by them, had already advanced from the north (the direction of Babylon), and had destroyed the men in the temple, and was now proceeding to destroy the city, which lay south and west.
the cherubim … the man—There was perfect concert of action between the cherubic representative of the angels and "the Man," to minister to whom they "stood" there (겔10:7).
cloud—emblem of God's displeasure; as the "glory" or "brightness" (겔10:4) typifies His majesty and clearness in judgment.
【겔10:4 JFB】4. The court outside was full of the Lord's brightness, while it was only the cloud that filled the house inside, the scene of idolatries, and therefore of God's displeasure. God's throne was on the threshold. The temple, once filled with brightness, is now darkened with cloud.
【겔10:5 JFB】5. sound of … wings—prognostic of great and awful changes.
voice of … God—the thunder (시29:3, &c.).
【겔10:6 JFB】6. went in—not into the temple, but between the cherubim. Ezekiel sets aside the Jews' boast of the presence of God with them. The cherubim, once the ministers of grace, are now the ministers of vengeance. When "commanded," He without delay obeys (시40:8; 히10:7).
【겔10:7 JFB】7. See on 겔10:3.
one cherub—one of the four cherubim.
his hand—(겔1:8).
went out—to burn the city.
【겔10:8 JFB】8. The "wings" denote alacrity, the "hands" efficacy and aptness, in executing the functions assigned to them.
【겔10:9 JFB】9. wheels—(See on 겔1:15, 16). The things which, from 겔10:8 to the end of the chapter, are repeated from the first chapter are expressed more decidedly, now that he gets a nearer view: the words "as it were," and "as if," so often occurring in the first chapter, are therefore mostly omitted. The "wheels" express the manifold changes and revolutions in the world; also that in the chariot of His providence God transports the Church from one place to another and everywhere can preserve it; a truth calculated to alarm the people in Jerusalem and to console the exiles [Polanus].
【겔10:10 JFB】10. four had one likeness—In the wonderful variety of God's works there is the greatest harmony:—
(See on 겔1:16).
wheel … in … a wheel—cutting one another at fight angles, so that the whole might move in any of the four directions or quarters of the world. God's doings, however involved they seem to us, cohere, so that lower causes subserve the higher.
【겔10:11 JFB】11. (See on 겔1:17).
turned not—without accomplishing their course (사55:11) [Grotius]. Rather, "they moved straight on without turning" (so 겔1:9). Having a face towards each of the four quarters, they needed not to turn around when changing their direction.
whither … head looked—that is, "whither the head" of the animal cherub-form, belonging to and directing each wheel, "looked," thither the wheel "followed." The wheels were not guided by some external adventitious impetus, but by some secret divine impulse of the cherubim themselves.
【겔10:12 JFB】12. body—literally, "flesh," because a body consists of flesh.
wheels … full of eyes—The description (겔1:18) attributes eyes to the "wheels" alone; here there is added, on closer observation, that the cherubim themselves had them. The "eyes" imply that God, by His wisdom, beautifully reconciles seeming contrarieties (compare 대하16:9; 잠15:3; Z전4:10).
【겔10:13 JFB】13. O wheel—rather, "they were called, whirling," that is, they were most rapid in their revolutions [Maurer]; or, better, "It was cried unto them, The whirling" [Fairbairn]. Galgal here used for "wheel," is different from ophan, the simple word for "wheel." Galgal is the whole wheelwork machinery with its whirlwind-like rotation. Their being so addressed is in order to call them immediately to put themselves in rapid motion.
【겔10:14 JFB】14. cherub—but in 겔1:10 it is an ox. The chief of the four cherubic forms was not the ox, but man. Therefore "cherub" cannot be synonymous with "ox." Probably Ezekiel, standing in front of one of the cherubim (namely, that which handed the coals to the man in linen), saw of him, not merely the ox-form, but the whole fourfold form, and therefore calls him simply "cherub"; whereas of the other three, having only a side view, he specifies the form of each which met his eye [Fairbairn]. As to the likelihood of the lower animals sharing in "the restoration of all things," see 사11:6; 65:25; 롬8:20, 21; this accords with the animal forms combined with the human to typify redeemed man.
【겔10:15 JFB】15. The repeated declaration of the identity of the vision with that at the Chebar is to arouse attention to it (겔10:22; 3:23).
the living creature—used collectively, as in 겔10:17, 20; 1:20.
【겔10:16 JFB】16. (See on 겔10:11; 겔1:19).
lifted up … wings—to depart, following "the glory of the Lord" which was on the point of departing (겔10:18).
【겔10:17 JFB】17. (겔1:12, 20, 21).
stood—God never stands still (요5:17), therefore neither do the angels; but to human perceptions He seems to do so.
【겔10:18 JFB】18. The departure of the symbol of God's presence from the temple preparatory to the destruction of the city. Foretold in 신31:17. Woe be to those from whom God departs (호9:12)! Compare 삼상28:15, 16; 4:21: "I-chabod, Thy glory is departed." Successive steps are marked in His departure; so slowly and reluctantly does the merciful God leave His house. First He leaves the sanctuary (겔9:3); He elevates His throne above the threshold of the house (겔10:1); leaving the cherubim He sits on the throne (겔10:4); He and the cherubim, after standing for a time at the door of the east gate (where was the exit to the lower court of the people), leave the house altogether (겔10:18, 19), not to return till 겔43:2.
【겔10:20 JFB】20. I knew … cherubim—By the second sight of the cherubim, he learned to identify them with the angelic forms situated above the ark of the covenant in the temple, which as a priest, he "knew" about from the high priest.
【겔10:21 JFB】21. The repetition is in order that the people about to live without the temple might have, instead, the knowledge of the temple mysteries, thus preparing them for a future restoration of the covenant. So perverse were they that they would say, "Ezekiel fancies he saw what has no existence." He, therefore, repeats it over and over again.
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