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■ 열왕기상 21장
1. 그 후에 이 일이 있으니라 이스르엘 사람 나봇이 이스르엘에 포도원이 있어 사마리아 왕 아합의 궁에서 가깝더니
And it came to pass after these things , that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard , which was in Jezreel , hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria .
2. 아합이 나봇에게 일러 가로되 네 포도원이 내 궁 곁에 가까이 있으니 내게 주어 나물 밭을 삼게 하라 내가 그 대신에 그보다 더 아름다운 포도원을 네게 줄 것이요 만일 합의하면 그 값을 돈으로 네게 주리라
And Ahab spake unto Naboth , saying , Give me thy vineyard , that I may have it for a garden of herbs , because it is near unto my house : and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee , I will give thee the worth of it in money .
3. 나봇이 아합에게 말하되 내 열조의 유업을 왕에게 주기를 여호와께서 금하실지로다 하니
And Naboth said to Ahab , The Lord forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.
4. 이스르엘 사람 나봇이 아합에게 대답하여 이르기를 내 조상의 유업을 왕께 줄 수 없다 함을 인하여 아합이 근심하고 답답하여 궁으로 돌아와서 침상에 누워 얼굴을 돌이키고 식사를 아니하니
And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said , I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers . And he laid him down upon his bed , and turned away his face , and would eat no bread .
5. 그 아내 이세벨이 저에게 나아와 가로되 왕의 마음에 무엇을 근심하여 식사를 아니하나이까
But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy spirit so sad , that thou eatest no bread ?
6. 왕이 이르되 내가 이스르엘 사람 나봇에게 말하여 이르기를 네 포도원을 내게 주되 돈으로 바꾸거나 만일 네가 좋아하면 내가 그 대신에 포도원을 네게 주리라 한즉 저가 대답하기를 내가 내 포도원을 네게 주지 않겠노라 함을 인함이로라
And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite , and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money ; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered , I will not give thee my vineyard .
7. 그 아내 이세벨이 저에게 이르되 왕이 이제 이스라엘 나라를 다스리시나이까 일어나 식사를 하시고 마음을 즐겁게 하소서 내가 이스르엘 사람 나봇의 포도원을 왕께 드리리이다 하고
And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel ? arise , and eat bread , and let thine heart be merry : I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite .
8. 아합의 이름으로 편지들을 쓰고 그 인을 쳐서 그 성에서 나봇과 함께 사는 장로와 귀인들에게 보내니
So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name , and sealed them with his seal , and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city , dwelling with Naboth .
9. 그 편지 사연에 이르기를 금식을 선포하고 나봇을 백성 가운데 높이 앉힌 후에
And she wrote in the letters , saying , Proclaim a fast , and set Naboth on high among the people :
10. 비류 두 사람을 그 앞에 마주 앉히고 저에게 대하여 증거하기를 네가 하나님과 왕을 저주하였다 하게 하고 곧 저를 끌고 나가서 돌로 쳐 죽이라 하였더라
And set two men , sons of Belial , before him, to bear witness against him, saying , Thou didst blaspheme God and the king . And then carry him out , and stone him, that he may die .
11. 그 성 사람 곧 그 성에 사는 장로와 귀인들이 이세벨의 분부 곧 저가 자기들에게 보낸 편지에 쓴 대로 하여
And the men of his city , even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city , did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them.
12. 금식을 선포하고 나봇을 백성 가운데 높이 앉히매
They proclaimed a fast , and set Naboth on high among the people .
13. 때에 비류 두 사람이 들어와서 그 앞에 앉고 백성 앞에서 나봇에게 대하여 증거를 지어 이르기를 나봇이 하나님과 왕을 저주하였다 하매 무리가 저를 성 밖으로 끌고 나가서 돌로 쳐 죽이고
And there came in two men , children of Belial , and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth , in the presence of the people , saying , Naboth did blaspheme God and the king . Then they carried him forth out of the city , and stoned him with stones , that he died .
14. 이세벨에게 통보하기를 나봇이 돌에 맞아 죽었나이다 하니
Then they sent to Jezebel , saying , Naboth is stoned , and is dead .
15. 이세벨이 나봇이 돌에 맞아 죽었다 함을 듣고 아합에게 이르되 일어나서 그 이스르엘 사람 나봇이 돈으로 바꾸어 주기를 싫어하던 포도원을 취하소서 나봇이 살아 있지 아니하고 죽었나이다
And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned , and was dead , that Jezebel said to Ahab , Arise , take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite , which he refused to give thee for money : for Naboth is not alive , but dead .
16. 아합이 나봇의 죽었다 함을 듣고 곧 일어나 이스르엘 사람 나봇의 포도원을 취하러 그리로 내려 갔더라
And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead , that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite , to take possession of it.
17. 여호와의 말씀이 디셉 사람 엘리야에게 임하여 가라사대
And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite , saying ,
18. 너는 일어나 내려가서 사마리아에 거하는 이스라엘 왕 아합을 만나라 저가 나봇의 포도원을 취하러 그리로 내려갔나니
Arise , go down to meet Ahab king of Israel , which is in Samaria : behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth , whither he is gone down to possess it.
19. 너는 저에게 말하여 이르기를 여호와의 말씀이 네가 죽이고 또 빼앗았느냐 하셨다 하고 또 저에게 이르기를 여호와의 말씀이 개들이 나봇의 피를 핥은 곳에서 개들이 네 피 곧 네 몸의 피도 핥으리라 하셨다 하라
And thou shalt speak unto him, saying , Thus saith the Lord , Hast thou killed , and also taken possession ? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying , Thus saith the Lord , In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood , even thine.
20. 아합이 엘리야에게 이르되 나의 대적이여 네가 나를 찾았느냐 대답하되 내가 찾았노라 네가 스스로 팔려 여호와 보시기에 악을 행하였으므로
And Ahab said to Elijah , Hast thou found me, O mine enemy ? And he answered , I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord .
21. 여호와의 말씀이 내가 재앙을 네게 내려 너를 쓸어 버리되 네게 속한 남자는 이스라엘 가운데 매인 자나 놓인 자를 다 멸할 것이요
Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy posterity , and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall , and him that is shut up and left in Israel ,
22. 또 네 집으로 느밧의 아들 여로보암의 집처럼 되게 하고 아히야의 아들 바아사의 집처럼 되게 하리니 이는 네가 나의 노를 격동하고 이스라엘로 범죄케 한 까닭이니라 하셨고
And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat , and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah , for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger , and made Israel to sin .
23. 이세벨에게 대하여도 여호와께서 말씀하여 가라사대 개들이 이스르엘 성 곁에서 이세벨을 먹을지라
And of Jezebel also spake the Lord , saying , The dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel .
24. 아합에게 속한 자로서 성읍에서 죽은 자는 개들이 먹고 들에서 죽은 자는 공중의 새가 먹으리라 하셨느니라 하니
Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat ; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat .
25. 예로부터 아합과 같이 스스로 팔려 여호와 보시기에 악을 행한 자가 없음은 저가 그 아내 이세벨에게 충동되었음이라
But there was none like unto Ahab , which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the Lord , whom Jezebel his wife stirred up .
26. 저가 여호와께서 이스라엘 자손 앞에서 쫓아내신 아모리 사람의 모든 행한 것 같이 우상에게 복종하여 심히 가증하게 행하였더라
And he did very abominably in following idols , according to all things as did the Amorites , whom the Lord cast out before the children of Israel .
27. 아합이 이 모든 말씀을 들을 때에 그 옷을 찢고 굵은 베로 몸을 동이고 금식하고 굵은 베에 누우며 행보도 천천히 한지라
And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words , that he rent his clothes , and put sackcloth upon his flesh , and fasted , and lay in sackcloth , and went softly .
28. 여호와의 말씀이 디셉 사람 엘리야에게 임하여 가라사대
And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite , saying ,
29. 아합이 내 앞에서 겸비함을 네가 보느냐 저가 내 앞에서 겸비함을 인하여 내가 재앙을 저의 시대에 내리지 아니하고 그 아들의 시대에야 그 집에 재앙을 내리리라 하셨더라
Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me? because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days : but in his son’s days will I bring the evil upon his house .
■ 주석 보기
【왕상21:1 JFB】왕상21:1-4. Naboth Refuses Ahab His Vineyard.
1-3. Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel—Ahab was desirous, from its contiguity to the palace, to possess it for a vegetable garden. He proposed to Naboth to give him a better in exchange, or to obtain it by purchase; but the owner declined to part with it. In persisting in his refusal, Naboth was not actuated by any feelings of disloyalty or disrespect to the king, but solely from a conscientious regard to the divine law, which, for important reasons, had prohibited the sale of a paternal inheritance [레25:23; 민36:7]; or if, through extreme poverty or debt, an assignation of it to another was unavoidable, the conveyance was made on the condition of its being redeemable at any time [레25:25-27]; at all events, of its reverting at the jubilee to the owner [레25:28]. In short, it could not be alienated from the family, and it was on this ground that Naboth (왕상21:3) refused to comply with the king's demand. It was not, therefore, any rudeness or disrespect that made Ahab heavy and displeased, but his sulky and pettish demeanor betrays a spirit of selfishness that could not brook to be disappointed of a favorite object, and that would have pushed him into lawless tyranny had he possessed any natural force of character.
【왕상21:1 CWC】[CLOSE OF AHAB'S REIGN]
1. His Dealing with Ben-hadad, c. 20.
Among the remarkable chapters of this book the present stands out distinctively, but we shall be unable to give it the consideration it should have if we forget God's purpose in dealing with Israel. It has been reiterated that He is using that people as an instrument in the redemption of mankind, and especially as a witness to Himself before the nations. This explains everything in their history, and to ignore it is to make that history like a tale of the Arabian nights. We should remember also that what is written is ofttimes the barest outline of what was said and done, and while we are by no means to fill in what we please, yet the omissions should have a qualifying influence in our understanding of the record.
"Ben-hadad" means the son of Hadad, and is a general title for the kings of Syria of that period, like the Pharaohs of Egypt or the Caesars of Rome. He was a descendant of the king met with in Baasha's reign (15:20). The thirty-two kings with him (v. 1) were petty tributary princes, rulers over cities in his neighborhood.
His claim for tribute (v. 3) would have been acceded to had he not over-reached himself, (vv. 5, 6), and had not frightened Ahab been encouraged by his subjects (vv. 7-11).
What an evidence we have of God's goodness and providential purpose in Israel in verse 13! Wine and panic explain the victory from the human side, but God's interposition from the divine side (vv. 19-21).
If this victory was great, that of the succeeding year was greater (vv. 22-30). Note the relative size of the armies (v. 27), and the giving way of the walls under the weight of those who there made a stand against Israel.
Ahab's clemency to Ben-hadad (vv. 31-34) was a repetition of Saul's disloyalty to God in the case of Agag (1 Sam. 15) and explains the circumstance following (vv. 35-43). The parabolic manner of the prophet in announcing Ahab's judgment suggests Nathan's dealing with David (2 Sam. 12).
2. His Dealings with Naboth, c. 21.
Note that Naboth's refusal to Ahab was not disregard for him, nor for selfish reasons, but from obedience to God. (Compare verse 3 with 레25:23, 민36:78.) "Sons of Belial" (v. 10) means "ungodly men."
For the fulfillment of verse 19 compare the next chapter, verses 37 and 38. The phrase, "sold thyself to work evil" means that he allowed evil to get the mastery over him. (Compare 롬7:11). For the fulfillment of verse 23 compare 왕하9:30-37. Note God's mercy to the penitent (vv. 27-29) and compare 왕하9:21-26.
3. His Dealings with Jehoshaphat, c. 22.
Verse 3 indicates that Ben-hadad had not fulfilled the covenant with Ahab he had been so ready to make (compa계20:34).
Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, has not been met with before, but a history of his reign is found in the concluding verses of the chapter. He is a striking Old Testament type of the New Testament Christian who forms entangling alliances with the world, but more is said concerning him in 2 Chronicles 18.
Note the piety of Jehoshaphat (v. 15), and observe that a good man is sometimes found voluntarily in bad company.
Micaiah (v. 9) was in prison because of his faithful testimony to God against Ahab. Zedekiah was one of the false prophets (v. 11), but what worship he represented, now that Baalism had been discredited, is difficult to say; but certainly not that of Jehovah.
Observe the temptation placed before Micaiah and the manner in which he met it (vv. 13, 14). His words in verse 15 are ironical, but those of verse 17 are a prediction of the defeat that followed. It is he who speaks in verses 19-23, for a commentary on which see 1 Samuel 18, and also the first two chapters of Job. With verses 24 and 25 compare 렘20:1-6.
Observe that Jehoshaphat's "unholy alliance" nearly cost him his life (vv. 30-33), but it taught him a lesson (v. 49).
【왕상21:1 MHCC】Naboth, perhaps, had been pleased that he had a vineyard situated so near the palace, but the situation proved fatal to him; many a man's possessions have been his snare, and his neighbourhood to greatness, of bad consequence. Discontent is a sin that is its own punishment, and makes men torment themselves. It is a sin that is its own parent; it arises not from the condition, but from the mind: as we find Paul contented in a prison, so Ahab was discontented in a palace. He had all the delights of Canaan, that pleasant land, at command; the wealth of a kingdom, the pleasures of a court, and the honours and powers of a throne; yet all avails him nothing without Naboth's vineyard. Wrong desires expose men to continual vexations, and those that are disposed to fret, however well off, may always find something or other to fret at.
【왕상21:4 JFB】4. turned away his face—either to conceal from his attendants the vexation of spirit he felt, or, by the affectation of great sorrow, rouse them to devise some means of gratifying his wishes.
【왕상21:5 JFB】왕상21:5-16. Jezebel Causes Naboth to Be Stoned.
【왕상21:5 MHCC】When, instead of a help meet, a man has an agent for Satan, in the form of an artful, unprincipled, yet beloved wife, fatal effects may be expected. Never were more wicked orders given by any prince, than those Jezebel sent to the rulers of Jezreel. Naboth must be murdered under colour of religion. There is no wickedness so vile, so horrid, but religion has sometimes been made a cover for it. Also, it must be done under colour of justice, and with the formalities of legal process. Let us, from this sad story, be amazed at the wickedness of the wicked, and the power of Satan in the children of disobedience. Let us commit the keeping of our lives and comforts to God, for innocence will not always be our security; and let us rejoice in the knowledge that all will be set to rights in the great day.
【왕상21:7 JFB】7. Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel?—This is not so much a question as an exclamation—a sarcastic taunt; "A pretty king thou art! Canst not thou use thy power and take what thy heart is set upon?"
arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard—After upbraiding Ahab for his pusillanimity and bidding him act as a king, Jezebel tells him to trouble himself no more about such a trifle; she would guarantee the possession of the vineyard.
【왕상21:8 JFB】8. So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal—The seal-ring contained the name of the king and gave validity to the documents to which it was affixed (에8:8; 단6:17). By allowing her the use of his signet-ring, Ahab passively consented to Jezebel's proceeding. Being written in the king's name, it had the character of a royal mandate.
sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city—They were the civic authorities of Jezreel, and would, in all likelihood, be the creatures and fit tools of Jezebel. It is evident that, though Ahab had recently been in Jezreel, when he made the offer to Naboth, both he and Jezebel were now in Samaria (왕상20:43).
【왕상21:9 JFB】9. Proclaim a fast, &c.—Those obsequious and unprincipled magistrates did according to orders. Pretending that a heavy guilt lay on one, or some unknown party, who was charged with blaspheming God and the king and that Ahab was threatening vengeance on the whole city unless the culprit were discovered and punished, they assembled the people to observe a solemn fast. Fasts were commanded on extraordinary occasions affecting the public interests of the state (대하20:3; 스8:21; Joe 1:14; 2:15; 욘3:5). The wicked authorities of Jezreel, by proclaiming the fast, wished to give an external appearance of justice to their proceedings and convey an impression among the people that Naboth's crime amounted to treason against the king's life.
set Naboth on high—During a trial the panel, or accused person, was placed on a high seat, in the presence of all the court; but as the guilty person was supposed to be unknown, the setting of Naboth on high among the people must have been owing to his being among the distinguished men of the place.
【왕상21:13 JFB】13. there came in two men—worthless fellows who had been bribed to swear a falsehood. The law required two witnesses in capital offenses (신17:6; 19:15; 민35:30; 마26:60). Cursing God and cursing the king are mentioned in the law (출22:28) as offenses closely connected, the king of Israel being the earthly representative of God in His kingdom.
they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him—The law, which forbade cursing the rulers of the people, does not specify the penalty for this offense but either usage had sanctioned or the authorities of Jezreel had originated stoning as the proper punishment. It was always inflicted out of the city (행7:58).
【왕상21:14 JFB】14-16. Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession—Naboth's execution having been announced, and his family being involved in the same fatal sentence (왕하9:26), his property became forfeited to the crown, not by law, but traditionary usage (see 삼하16:4).
【왕상21:16 JFB】16. Ahab rose up to go down—from Samaria to Jezreel.
【왕상21:17 JFB】왕상21:17-29. Elijah Denounces Judgments against Ahab and Jezebel.
17-19. Hast thou killed, and also taken possession?—While Ahab was in the act of surveying his ill-gotten possession, Elijah, by divine commission, stood before him. The appearance of the prophet, at such a time, was ominous of evil, but his language was much more so (compare 겔45:8; 46:16-18). Instead of shrinking with horror from the atrocious crime, Ahab eagerly hastened to his newly acquired property.
【왕상21:17 MHCC】Blessed Paul complains that he was sold under sin, 롬7:14, as a poor captive against his will; but Ahab was willing, he sold himself to sin; of choice, and as his own act and deed, he loved the dominion of sin. Jezebel his wife stirred him up to do wickedly. Ahab is reproved, and his sin set before his eyes, by Elijah. That man's condition is very miserable, who has made the word of God his enemy; and very desperate, who reckons the ministers of that word his enemies, because they tell him the truth. Ahab put on the garb and guise of a penitent, yet his heart was unhumbled and unchanged. Ahab's repentance was only what might be seen of men; it was outward only. Let this encourage all that truly repent, and unfeignedly believe the holy gospel, that if a pretending partial penitent shall go to his house reprieved, doubtless, a sincere believing penitent shall go to his house justified.
【왕상21:19 JFB】19. In the place where dogs licked, &c.—a righteous retribution of Providence. The prediction was accomplished, not in Jezreel, but in Samaria; and not on Ahab personally, in consequence of his repentance (왕상21:29), but on his son (왕하9:25). The words "in the place where" might be rendered "in like manner as."
【왕상21:20 JFB】20. thou hast sold thyself to work evil—that is, allowed sin to acquire the unchecked and habitual mastery over thee (왕하17:17; 롬7:11).
【왕상21:21 JFB】21, 22. will make thine house, &c.—(see on 왕상15:29 and 왕상16:3-12). Jezebel, though included among the members of Ahab's house, has her ignominious fate expressly foretold (see 왕하9:30).
【왕상21:27 JFB】27-29. Ahab … rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly—He was not obdurate, like Jezebel. This terrible announcement made a deep impression on the king's heart, and led, for a while, to sincere repentance. Going softly, that is, barefoot, and with a pensive manner, within doors. He manifested all the external signs, conventional and natural, of the deepest sorrow. He was wretched, and so great is the mercy of God, that, in consequence of his humiliation, the threatened punishment was deferred.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.