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■ 사무엘하 11장
1. 해가 돌아와서 왕들의 출전할 때가 되매 다윗이 요압과 그 신복과 온 이스라엘 군대를 보내니 저희가 암몬 자손을 멸하고 랍바를 에워쌌고 다윗은 예루살렘에 그대로 있으니라
And it came to pass, after the year was expired , at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab , and his servants with him, and all Israel ; and they destroyed the children of Ammon , and besieged Rabbah . But David tarried still at Jerusalem .
2. 저녁 때에 다윗이 그 침상에서 일어나 왕궁 지붕 위에서 거닐다가 그곳에서 보니 한 여인이 목욕을 하는데 심히 아름다워 보이는지라
And it came to pass in an eveningtide , that David arose from off his bed , and walked upon the roof of the king’s house : and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon .
3. 다윗이 보내어 그 여인을 알아보게 하였더니 고하되 그는 엘리암의 딸이요 헷 사람 우리아의 아내 밧세바가 아니니이까
And David sent and enquired after the woman . And one said , Is not this Bath–sheba , the daughter of Eliam , the wife of Uriah the Hittite ?
4. 다윗이 사자를 보내어 저를 자기에게로 데려 오게 하고 저가 그 부정함을 깨끗케 하였으므로 더불어 동침하매 저가 자기 집으로 돌아가니라
And David sent messengers , and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness : and she returned unto her house .
5. 여인이 잉태하매 보내어 다윗에게 고하여 가로되 내가 잉태하였나이다 하니라
And the woman conceived , and sent and told David , and said , I am with child .
6. 다윗이 요압에게 기별하여 헷 사람 우리아를 내게 보내라 하매 요압이 우리아를 다윗에게로 보내니
And David sent to Joab , saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite . And Joab sent Uriah to David .
7. 우리아가 다윗에게 이르매 다윗이 요압의 안부와 군사의 안부와 싸움의 어떠한 것을 묻고
And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab did , and how the people did , and how the war prospered .
8. 저가 또 우리아에게 이르되 네 집으로 내려가서 발을 씻으라 하니 우리아가 왕궁에서 나가매 왕의 식물이 뒤따라 가니라
And David said to Uriah , Go down to thy house , and wash thy feet . And Uriah departed out of the king’s house , and there followed him a mess of meat from the king .
9. 그러나 우리아는 집으로 내려가지 아니하고 왕궁 문에서 그 주의 신복들로 더불어 잔지라
But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord , and went not down to his house .
10. 혹이 다윗에게 고하여 가로되 우리아가 그 집으로 내려가지 아니하였나이다 다윗이 우리아에게 이르되 네가 길 갔다가 돌아온 것이 아니냐 어찌하여 네 집으로 내려가지 아니하였느냐
And when they had told David , saying , Uriah went not down unto his house , David said unto Uriah , Camest thou not from thy journey ? why then didst thou not go down unto thine house ?
11. 우리아가 다윗에게 고하되 언약궤와 이스라엘과 유다가 영채 가운데 유하고 내 주 요압과 내 왕의 신복들이 바깥 들에 유진하였거늘 내가 어찌 내 집으로 가서 먹고 마시고 내 처와 같이 자리이까 내가 이 일을 행치 아니하기로 왕의 사심과 왕의 혼의 사심을 가리켜 맹세하나이다
And Uriah said unto David , The ark , and Israel , and Judah , abide in tents ; and my lord Joab , and the servants of my lord , are encamped in the open fields ; shall I then go into mine house , to eat and to drink , and to lie with my wife ? as thou livest , and as thy soul liveth , I will not do this thing .
12. 다윗이 우리아에게 이르되 오늘도 여기 있으라 내일은 내가 너를 보내리라 우리아가 그 날에 예루살렘에 유하니라 이튿날
And David said to Uriah , Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I will let thee depart . So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day , and the morrow .
13. 다윗이 저를 불러서 저로 그 앞에서 먹고 마시고 취하게 하니 저녁 때에 저가 나가서 그 주의 신복으로 더불어 침상에 눕고 그 집으로 내려가지 아니하니라
And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk : and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord , but went not down to his house .
14. 아침이 되매 다윗이 편지를 써서 우리아의 손에 부쳐 요압에게 보내니
And it came to pass in the morning , that David wrote a letter to Joab , and sent it by the hand of Uriah .
15. 그 편지에 써서 이르기를 너희가 우리아를 맹렬한 싸움에 앞세워 두고 너희는 뒤로 물러가서 저로 맞아 죽게 하라 하였더라
And he wrote in the letter , saying , Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle , and retire ye from him , that he may be smitten , and die .
16. 요압이 그 성을 살펴 용사들의 있는 줄을 아는 그곳에 우리아를 두니
And it came to pass, when Joab observed the city , that he assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were.
17. 성 사람들이 나와서 요압으로 더불어 싸울 때에 다윗의 신복 중 몇 사람이 엎드러지고 헷 사람 우리아도 죽으니라
And the men of the city went out , and fought with Joab : and there fell some of the people of the servants of David ; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
18. 요압이 보내어 전쟁의 모든 일을 다윗에게 고할새
Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war ;
19. 그 사자에게 명하여 가로되 전쟁의 모든 일을 네가 왕께 고하기를 마친 후에
And charged the messenger , saying , When thou hast made an end of telling the matters of the war unto the king ,
20. 혹시 왕이 노하여 네게 말씀하기를 너희가 어찌하여 성에 그처럼 가까이 가서 싸웠느냐 저희가 성 위에서 쏠 줄을 알지 못하였느냐
And if so be that the king’s wrath arise , and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight ? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall ?
21. 여룹베셋의 아들 아비멜렉을 쳐 죽인 자가 누구냐 여인 하나가 성에서 맷돌 윗짝을 그 위에 던지매 저가 데벳스에서 죽지 아니하였느냐 어찌하여 성에 가까이 갔더냐 하시거든 네가 말하기를 왕의 종 헷 사람 우리아도 죽었나이다 하라
Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth ? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall , that he died in Thebez ? why went ye nigh the wall ? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.
22. 사자가 가서 다윗에게 이르러 요압의 모든 보낸 일을 고하여
So the messenger went , and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for.
23. 가로되 그 사람들이 우리보다 승하여 우리를 향하여 들로 나온고로 우리가 저희를 쳐서 성문 어귀까지 미쳤더니
And the messenger said unto David , Surely the men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field , and we were upon them even unto the entering of the gate .
24. 활 쏘는 자들이 성 위에서 왕의 신복들을 향하여 쏘매 왕의 신복 중 몇사람이 죽고 왕의 종 헷 사람 우리아도 죽었나이다
And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants ; and some of the king’s servants be dead , and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.
25. 다윗이 사자에게 이르되 너는 요압에게 이같이 말하기를 이 일로 걱정하지 말라 칼은 이 사람이나 저 사람이나 죽이느니라 그 성을 향하어 더욱 힘써 싸워 함락시키라 하여 너는 저를 담대케 하라 하니라
Then David said unto the messenger , Thus shalt thou say unto Joab , Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another : make thy battle more strong against the city , and overthrow it: and encourage thou him.
26. 우리아의 처가 그 남편 우리아의 죽었음을 듣고 호곡하니라
And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead , she mourned for her husband .
27. 그 장사를 마치매 다윗이 보내어 저를 궁으로 데려 오니 저가 그 처가 되어 아들을 낳으니라 다윗의 소위가 여호와 보시기에 악하였더라
And when the mourning was past , David sent and fetched her to his house , and she became his wife , and bare him a son . But the thing that David had done displeased the Lord .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하11:1 JFB】삼하11:1. Joab Besieges Rabbah.
1. at the time when kings go forth to battle—The return of spring was the usual time of commencing military operations. This expedition took place the year following the war against the Syrians; and it was entered upon because the disaster of the former campaign having fallen chiefly upon the Syrian mercenaries, the Ammonites had not been punished for their insult to the ambassadors.
David sent Joab and his servants … they destroyed the children of Ammon—The powerful army that Joab commanded ravaged the Ammonite country and committed great havoc both on the people and their property, until having reached the capital, they besieged Rabbah—Rabbah denotes a great city. This metropolis of the Ammonites was situated in the mountainous tract of Gilead, not far from the source of the Arnon. Extensive ruins are still found on its site.
【삼하11:1 CWC】[DAVID'S GREAT SIN]
1. God's Estimate of David's Sin, 12:1-14.
Why the incident in this lesson should be designated "David's great sin," when he committed so many which the popular mind might consider more serious, can only be answered by the divine estimate of it. Jehovah regarded nothing David had done as comparable in its iniquity with this. Nathan's address to David shows this, the chastisement that followed David through the rest of his life shows it, and David's own feelings revealed in Psalms 51, 32 and 103, which he is supposed to have written on his repentance for this sin, bear a similar testimony.
2. Uriah's Character, 11:6-17.
David's sin is scarcely more conspicuous in the picture than Uriah's self-restraint, patriotism and general nobility of character; and this, whether or not we regard him as having a suspicion of the king's motives in the premises and the reason for them.
3. Forgiveness Consistent with Chastisement, 12:10-14.
The king's indignation at the offender in the parable (12:1-6) is an illustration of a common fact that when men are most indulgent to their own sins they are most ready to condemn those of others. The judgment pronounced upon David shows it possible for a saint to be restored to God's favor, while at the same time the divine abhorrence of sin must be shown in bitter results in the present time. David lost four sons after this, and other evils came upon him. (Compare 고전5:1-5; 11:28-32).
4. David's Faith and Ours, 12:15-23.
David's remark in verse 23 may be taken as an intimation of the belief of a future life and the immortality of the soul; and yet David's faith could not have been as deep or broad as that vouchsafed to the believer in these days. When the child of a saint now passes hence, it is not for the latter to say that he shall not return to him for, according to 살전4:13-18, Jesus may return before the saint dies and bring the loved one with Him.
5. Explanatory Words, 12:26-31.
The concluding verses of chapter 12 require explanation. For example, as throwing light on Joab's words in verses 27 and 28, it would seem that Rabbah, which had been besieged for a long period, was divided into two parts, a lower and an upper town divided by a stream. The first had been taken by Joab, but the second, the more important of the two, must be taken by David in person if the latter were to get the honor for it. Nowadays kings gain victories by their generals, but in earlier times it could not be done by proxy. This was a great city, and should it fall to Joab's arms it would have been named in his honor to David's humiliation.
The torture (v. 31) is another illustration of the horrors of war in that day, and is justified by some as an act of retributive justice on a people infamous for their cruelties (삼상2:2; 암1:13), but there is a happier explanation. The word "under" used three times, is by others translated "to," as referring not to their being slain in this manner, but being subjected to this kind of slavery. And so when it says he "made them pass through the brickkiln," with a slight change it would read, he "made them labor at the brickkiln."
【삼하11:1 MHCC】Observe the occasions of David's sin; what led to it. 1. Neglect of his business. He tarried at Jerusalem. When we are out of the way of our duty, we are in temptation. 2. Love of ease: idleness gives great advantage to the tempter. 3. A wandering eye. He had not, like Job, made a covenant with his eyes, or, at this time, he had forgotten it. And observe the steps of the sin. See how the way of sin is down-hill; when men begin to do evil, they cannot soon stop. Observe the aggravations of the sin. How could David rebuke or punish that in others, of which he was conscious that he himself was guilty?
【삼하11:2 JFB】삼하11:2-12. David Commits Adultery with Bath-sheba.
2. it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed—The Hebrews, like other Orientals, rose at daybreak, and always took a nap during the heat of the day. Afterwards they lounged in the cool of the evening on their flat-roofed terraces. It is probable that David had ascended to enjoy the open-air refreshment earlier than usual.
【삼하11:3 JFB】3. one said—literally, "he said to himself,"
Is not this Bath-sheba? &c.—She seems to have been a celebrated beauty, whose renown had already reached the ears of David, as happens in the East, from reports carried by the women from harem to harem.
Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam—or Ammiel (대상3:5), one of David's worthies (삼하23:34), and son of Ahithophel.
【삼하11:4 JFB】4. David sent messengers, and took her—The despotic kings of the East, when they take a fancy for a woman, send an officer to the house were she lives, who announces it to be the royal pleasure she should remove to the palace. An apartment is there assigned to her; and if she is made queen, the monarch orders the announcement to be made that he has made choice of her to be queen. Many instances in modern Oriental history show the ease and despatch with which such secondary marriages are contracted, and a new beauty added to the royal seraglio. But David had to make a promise, or rather an express stipulation, to Bath-sheba, before she complied with the royal will (왕상1:13, 15, 17, 28); for in addition to her transcendent beauty, she appears to have been a woman of superior talents and address in obtaining the object of her ambition; in her securing that her son should succeed on the throne; in her promptitude to give notice of her pregnancy; in her activity in defeating Adonijah's natural expectation of succeeding to the crown; in her dignity as the king's mother—in all this we see very strong indications of the ascendency she gained and maintained over David, who, perhaps, had ample leisure and opportunity to discover the punishment of this unhappy connection in more ways than one [Taylor, Calmet].
【삼하11:5 JFB】5. the woman conceived, and sent and told David—Some immediate measures of concealing their sin were necessary, as well for the king's honor as for her safety, for death was the punishment of an adulteress (레20:10).
【삼하11:6 MHCC】Giving way to sin hardens the heart, and provokes the departure of the Holy Spirit. Robbing a man of his reason, is worse than robbing him of his money; and drawing him into sin, is worse than drawing him into any wordly trouble whatever.
【삼하11:8 JFB】8. David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house—This sudden recall, the manner of the king, his frivolous questions (삼하11:7), and his urgency for Uriah to sleep in his own house, probably awakened suspicions of the cause of this procedure.
there followed him a mess of meat from the king—A portion of meat from the royal table, sent to one's own house or lodgings, is one of the greatest compliments which an Eastern prince can pay.
【삼하11:9 JFB】9. But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house—It is customary for servants to sleep in the porch or long gallery; and the guards of the Hebrew king did the same. Whatever his secret suspicions might have been, Uriah's refusal to indulge in the enjoyment of domestic pleasure, and his determination to sleep "at the door of the king's house," arose from a high and honorable sense of military duty and propriety (삼하11:11). But, doubtless, the resolution of Uriah was overruled by that Providence which brings good out of evil, and which has recorded this sad episode for the warning of the church.
【삼하11:14 JFB】삼하11:14-27. Uriah Slain.
14, 15. David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah … Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle—The various arts and stratagems by which the king tried to cajole Uriah, till at last he resorted to the horrid crime of murder—the cold-blooded cruelty of despatching the letter by the hands of the gallant but much-wronged soldier himself, the enlistment of Joab to be a partaker of his sin, the heartless affectation of mourning, and the indecent haste of his marriage with Bath-sheba—have left an indelible stain upon the character of David, and exhibit a painfully humiliating proof of the awful lengths to which the best of men may go when they forfeit the restraining grace of God.
【삼하11:14 MHCC】Adulteries often occasion murders, and one wickedness is sought to be covered by another. The beginnings of sin are much to be dreaded; for who knows where they will end? Can a real believer ever tread this path? Can such a person be indeed a child of God? Though grace be not lost in such an awful case, the assurance and consolation of it must be suspended. All David's life, spirituality, and comfort in religion, we may be sure were lost. No man in such a case can have evidence to be satisfied that he is a believer. The higher a man's confidence is, who has sunk in wickedness, the greater his presumption and hypocrisy. Let not any one who resembles David in nothing but his transgressions, bolster up his confidence with this example. Let him follow David in his humiliation, repentance, and his other eminent graces, before he thinks himself only a backslider, and not a hypocrite. Let no opposer of the truth say, These are the fruits of faith! No; they are the effects of corrupt nature. Let us all watch against the beginnings of self-indulgence, and keep at the utmost distance from all evil. But with the Lord there is mercy and plenteous redemption. He will cast out no humble, penitent believer; nor will he suffer Satan to pluck his sheep out of his hand. Yet the Lord will recover his people, in such a way as will mark his abhorrence of their crimes, to hinder all who regard his word from abusing the encouragements of his mercy.
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