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■ 느헤미야 1장
1. 하가랴의 아들 느헤미야의 말이라 아닥사스다 왕 제이십년 기슬르월에 내가 수산 궁에 있더니
The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah . And it came to pass in the month Chisleu , in the twentieth year , as I was in Shushan the palace ,
2. 나의 한 형제 중 하나니가 두어 사람과 함께 유다에서 이르렀기로 내가 그 사로잡힘을 면하고 남아있는 유다 사람과 예루살렘 형편을 물은즉
That Hanani , one of my brethren , came , he and certain men of Judah ; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped , which were left of the captivity , and concerning Jerusalem .
3. 저희가 내게 이르되 사로잡힘을 면하고 남은 자가 그 도에서 큰 환난을 만나고 능욕을 받으며 예루살렘 성은 훼파되고 성문들은 소화되었다 하는지라
And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach : the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down , and the gates thereof are burned with fire .
4. 내가 이 말을 듣고 앉아서 울고 수 일 동안 슬퍼하며 하늘의 하나님 앞에 금식하며 기도하여
And it came to pass, when I heard these words , that I sat down and wept , and mourned certain days , and fasted , and prayed before the God of heaven ,
5. 가로되 하늘의 하나님 여호와 크고 두려우신 하나님이여 주를 사랑하고 주의 계명을 지키는 자에게 언약을 지키시며 긍휼을 베푸시는 주여 간구하나이다
And said , I beseech thee, O Lord God of heaven , the great and terrible God , that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that love him and observe his commandments :
6. 이제 종이 주의 종 이스라엘 자손을 위하여 주야로 기도하오며 이스라엘 자손의 주 앞에 범죄함을 자복하오니 주는 귀를 기울이시며 눈을 여시사 종의 기도를 들으시옵소서 나와 나의 아비 집이 범죄하여
Let thine ear now be attentive , and thine eyes open , that thou mayest hear the prayer of thy servant , which I pray before thee now , day and night , for the children of Israel thy servants , and confess the sins of the children of Israel , which we have sinned against thee: both I and my father’s house have sinned .
7. 주를 향하여 심히 악을 행하여 주의 종 모세에게 주께서 명하신 계명과 율례와 규례를 지키지 아니하였나이다
We have dealt very corruptly against thee, and have not kept the commandments , nor the statutes , nor the judgments , which thou commandedst thy servant Moses .
8. 옛적에 주께서 주의 종 모세에게 명하여 가라사대 만일 너희가 범죄하면 내가 너희를 열국 중에 흩을 것이요
Remember , I beseech thee, the word that thou commandedst thy servant Moses , saying , If ye transgress , I will scatter you abroad among the nations :
9. 만일 내게로 돌아와서 내 계명을 지켜 행하면 너희 쫓긴 자가 하늘 끝에 있을지라도 내가 거기서부터 모아 내 이름을 두려고 택한 곳에 돌아오게 하리라 하신 말씀을 이제 청컨대 기억하옵소서
But if ye turn unto me, and keep my commandments , and do them; though there were of you cast out unto the uttermost part of the heaven , yet will I gather them from thence, and will bring them unto the place that I have chosen to set my name there.
10. 이들은 주께서 일찍 큰 권능과 강한 손으로 구속하신 주의 종이요 주의 백성이니이다
Now these are thy servants and thy people , whom thou hast redeemed by thy great power , and by thy strong hand .
11. 주여 구하오니 귀를 기울이사 종의 기도와 주의 이름을 경외하기를 기뻐하는 종들의 기도를 들으시고 오늘날 종으로 형통하여 이 사람 앞에서 은혜를 입게 하옵소서 하였나니 그 때에 내가 왕의 술관원이 되었었느니라
O Lord , I beseech thee, let now thine ear be attentive to the prayer of thy servant , and to the prayer of thy servants , who desire to fear thy name : and prosper , I pray thee, thy servant this day , and grant him mercy in the sight of this man . For I was the king’s cupbearer .
■ 주석 보기
【느1:1 JFB】느1:1-3. Nehemiah, Understanding by Hanani the Afflicted State of Jerusalem, Mourns, Fasts, and Prays.
1. Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah—This eminently pious and patriotic Jew is to be carefully distinguished from two other persons of the same name—one of whom is mentioned as helping to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (느3:16), and the other is noticed in the list of those who accompanied Zerubbabel in the first detachment of returning exiles (스2:2; 느7:7). Though little is known of his genealogy, it is highly probable that he was a descendant of the tribe of Judah and the royal family of David.
in the month Chisleu—answering to the close of November and the larger part of December.
Shushan the palace—the capital of ancient Susiana, east of the Tigris, a province of Persia. From the time of Cyrus it was the favorite winter residence of the Persian kings.
【느1:1 CWC】[BUILDING THE WALLS]
1. Prayer and Its Answer, cc. 1-2:8.
In this book it is to be kept in mind that the previous commissions to Zerubbabel and Ezra concerned only the repair of the temple at Jerusalem, and certain internal arrangements for the moral and material well-being of the people in their home towns. The walls and gates of the city, however, were still in the ruined condition in which they were left by Nebuchadnezzar after the siege. The consequences of this were detrimental to the people's peace, for such protection was practically their only defence against assaulting enemies.
Chislev was an early winter month. Shushan was the winter, as Ecbatana was the summer palace, of the Persian monarchs. Hanani may have been simply a relative, as we have seen how loosely these kinships are referred to (1:1.2).
Nehemiah, though nothing more is stated of him, is likely to have been, like Zerubbabel, of the royal family of David, and certainly he was a great patriot. Study his prayer carefully (vv. 4-11). Notice its deep earnestness (v. 4), unselfishness (v. 6), humility (vv. 6, 7), faith (vv. 8, 9) and definiteness (v. 11). A cup-bearer to an oriental potentate (v. 12) held a confidential and influential office, affording him frequent access to his presence. At the meal he presented the cup of wine to the king, and since the likelihood of its being poisoned was ever present, he must be one in whom the greatest trust was reposed. Not infrequently, as a precautionary measure, the cup-bearer must first taste the wine in the king's presence before presenting it.
Four months elapsed between chapters one and two, though the cause is unknown. Nisan (2:1) was in the Spring. It awakened suspicion to appear before majesty with a sad countenance (v. 2), but in this case it gave Nehemiah his opportunity (vv. 3-8).
The queen may have been Esther, though it is uncertain. God receives the glory (v. 8).
2. Progress of the Work, cc. 2:9-3:32.
"Beyond the river" means east of the Euphrates. "Governors" were in charge of the Persian dependencies in proximity to Judah (v. 9). "Horonite" seems to refer to a Moabitish town of that name. The Amonite "Tobiah the servant" may mean that he was a freed slave elevated to official dignity. Nehemiah enters on his task by a night survey of the ruins (vv. 12-16). Then he addresses the leaders, stirring them by his example and information about the king's commission (vv. 17, 18). The opponents (v. 19) were doubtless supporters or leaders of the Samaritans, met with in Ezra.
The priests take the lead in the work (3:1). The residents of Jericho have a section assigned them (v. 2), and other great families follow to the end of the chapter. Their names are recorded because the work was one not only of patriotism, but godly devotion, calling for faith, courage, and self-sacrifice.
3. Hindrances, cc. 4-6.
Ridicule was the first form the hindrances took (vv. 1-6), but Nehemiah made his appeal to God and continued the work until the wall was built "half the height" (R. V.). If his language in prayer seems harsh, recall what we have learned about Israel's position as God's witness and instrument in blessing the world. To frustrate her is to frustrate God, and work the sorest injury to human kind. These enemies are not personal to Nehemiah, but the enemies of God and of all the earth. Moreover, Nehemiah himself is not undertaking to visit punishment upon them, but committing them to God who doeth righteously.
Physical force was the next form of hindrance (vv. 7-23), but Nehemiah provided against it by day and night watches (v. 9), by arming the workmen (v. 13), and by detaining them all in Jerusalem (v. 22).
The hindrance of chapter five was not the same as the others, and did not arise from the outside, but it was a hindrance, nevertheless, that must have greatly weakened their hands (vv. 1-5. Nehemiah's action was bold and efficient. An assembly was called (v. 7), his own example cited (vv. 8-10), an appeal made (v. 11), a solemn agreement effected (vv. 12, 13). The verses following testify to the wealth of Nehemiah as well as his unselfish patriotism. Not only declining the emoluments of his office, he maintained an expensive establishment for the public good, and this for twelve years (v. 14). He appears self-righteous (v. 19), but he was not living in the Gospel dispensation.
In chapter six the external enemies once more come into view, whose policy has changed from ridicule and force to crafty diplomacy (vv. 1-4) with threats superadded (w. 5-9). Nor are there wanting traitors within his own camp who seek Nehemiah's ruin, but in vain (vv. 10-15). Notice the intended disrespect in the "open" letter, which, in the case of so distinguished an official as Nehemiah (v. 5), should have been sealed, after the Persian custom. These were indeed "troublous times" (단9:25), but the man for the times had arrived.
【느1:1 MHCC】Nehemiah's distress for the misery of Jerusalem, His prayer.
—Nehemiah was the Persian king's cup-bearer. When God has work to do, he will never want instruments to do it with. Nehemiah lived at ease, and in honour, but does not forget that he is an Israelite, and that his brethren are in distress. He was ready to do them all the good offices he could; and that he might know how best to do them a kindness, he makes inquiries about them. We should inquire especially concerning the state of the church and religion. Every Jerusalem on this side the heavenly one will have some defect, which will require the help and services of its friends. Nehemiah's first application was to God, that he might have the fuller confidence in his application to the king. Our best pleas in prayer are taken from the promise of God, the word on which he has caused us to hope. Other means must be used, but the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails most. Communion with God will best prepare us for our dealings with men. When we have intrusted our concerns to God, the mind is set at liberty; it feels satisfaction and composure, and difficulties vanish. We know that if the affair be hurtful, he can easily hinder it; and if it be good for us, he can as easily forward it.
【느1:2 JFB】2, 3. Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah—Hanani is called his brother (느7:2). But as that term was used loosely by Jews as well as other Orientals, it is probable that no more is meant than that he was of the same family. According to Josephus, Nehemiah, while walking around the palace walls, overheard some persons conversing in the Hebrew language. Having ascertained that they had lately returned from Judea, he was informed by them, in answer to his eager enquiries, of the unfinished and desolate condition of Jerusalem, as well as the defenseless state of the returned exiles. The commissions previously given to Zerubbabel and Ezra extending only to the repair of the temple and private dwellings, the walls and gates of the city had been allowed to remain a mass of shattered ruins, as they had been laid by the Chaldean siege.
【느1:4 JFB】느1:4-11. His Prayer.
4. when I heard these words, that I sat down … and mourned … and fasted, and prayed—The recital deeply affected the patriotic feelings of this good man, and no comfort could he find but in earnest and protracted prayer, that God would favor the purpose, which he seems to have secretly formed, of asking the royal permission to go to Jerusalem.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.