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■ 이사야 44장
1. 나의 종 야곱, 나의 택한 이스라엘아 이제 들으라
Yet now hear , O Jacob my servant ; and Israel , whom I have chosen :
2. 너를 지으며 너를 모태에서 조성하고 너을 도와줄 여호와가 말하노라 나의 종 야곱, 나의 택한 여수룬아 두려워 말라
Thus saith the Lord that made thee, and formed thee from the womb , which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob , my servant ; and thou, Jesurun , whom I have chosen .
3. 대저 내가 갈한 자에게 물을 주며 마른 땅에 시내가 흐르게 하며 나의 신을 네 자손에게, 나의 복을 네 후손에게 내리리니
For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty , and floods upon the dry ground : I will pour my spirit upon thy seed , and my blessing upon thine offspring :
4. 그들이 풀 가운데서 솟아나기를 시냇가의 버들 같이 할 것이라
And they shall spring up as among the grass , as willows by the water courses .
5. 혹은 이르기를 나는 여호와께 속하였다 할 것이며 혹은 야곱의 이름으로 자칭할 것이며 혹은 자기가 여호와께 속하였음을 손으로 기록하고 이스라엘의 이름으로 칭호하리라
One shall say , I am the Lord’s ; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob ; and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord , and surname himself by the name of Israel .
6. 이스라엘의 왕인 여호와, 이스라엘의 구속자인 만군의 여호와가 말하노라 나는 처음이요 나는 마지막이라 나 외에 다른 신이 없느니라
Thus saith the Lord the King of Israel , and his redeemer the Lord of hosts ; I am the first , and I am the last ; and beside me there is no God .
7. 내가 옛날 백성을 세운 이후로 나처럼 외치며 고하며 진술할 자가 누구뇨 있거든 될 일과 장차 올 일을 고할지어다
And who, as I, shall call , and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people ? and the things that are coming , and shall come , let them shew unto them.
8. 너희는 두려워 말며 겁내지 말라 내가 예로부터 너희에게 들리지 아니하였느냐 고하지 아니하였느냐 너희는 나의 증인이라 나 외에 신이 있겠느냐 과연 반석이 없나니 다른 신이 있음을 알지 못하노라
Fear ye not, neither be afraid : have not I told thee from that time , and have declared it? ye are even my witnesses . Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no God ; I know not any.
9. 우상을 만드는 자는 다 허망하도다 그들의 기뻐하는 우상은 무익한 것이어늘 그것의 증인들은 보지도 못하며 알지도 못하니 그러므로 수치를 당하리라
They that make a graven image are all of them vanity ; and their delectable things shall not profit ; and they are their own witnesses ; they see not, nor know ; that they may be ashamed .
10. 신상을 만들며 무익한 우상을 부어 만든 자가 누구뇨
Who hath formed a god , or molten a graven image that is profitable for nothing ?
11. 보라 그 동류가 다 수치를 당할 것이라 그 장색들은 사람이라 그들이 다 모여 서서 두려워하며 함께 수치를 당할 것이니라
Behold, all his fellows shall be ashamed : and the workmen , they are of men : let them all be gathered together , let them stand up ; yet they shall fear , and they shall be ashamed together .
12. 철공은 철을 숯불에 불리고 메로 치고 강한 팔로 괄리므로 심지어 주려서 기력이 진하며 물을 마시지 아니하여 곤비하며
The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals , and fashioneth it with hammers , and worketh it with the strength of his arms : yea, he is hungry , and his strength faileth : he drinketh no water , and is faint .
13. 목공은 줄을 늘여 재고 붓으로 긋고 대패로 밀고 정규로 그어 사람의 아름다움을 따라 인형을 새겨 집에 두게 하며
The carpenter stretcheth out his rule ; he marketh it out with a line ; he fitteth it with planes , and he marketh it out with the compass , and maketh it after the figure of a man , according to the beauty of a man ; that it may remain in the house .
14. 그는 혹 백향목을 베이며 혹 디르사 나무와 상수리 나무를 취하며 혹 삼림 중에 자기를 위하여 한 나무를 택하며 혹 나무를 심고 비에 자라게도 하나니
He heweth him down cedars , and taketh the cypress and the oak , which he strengtheneth for himself among the trees of the forest : he planteth an ash , and the rain doth nourish it.
15. 무릇 이 나무는 사람이 화목을 삼는 것이어늘 그가 그것을 가지고 자기 몸을 더웁게도 하고 그것으로 불을 피워서 떡을 굽기도 하고 그것으로 신상을 만들어 숭배하며 우상을 만들고 그 앞에 부복하기도 하는구나
Then shall it be for a man to burn : for he will take thereof, and warm himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread ; yea, he maketh a god , and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image , and falleth down thereto.
16. 그 중에 얼마는 불사르고 얼마는 고기를 삶아 먹기도 하며 고기를 구워 배불리기도 하며 또 몸을 더웁게 하여 이르기를 아하 따뜻하다 내가 불을 보았구나 하면서
He burneth part thereof in the fire ; with part thereof he eateth flesh ; he roasteth roast , and is satisfied : yea, he warmeth himself, and saith , Aha , I am warm , I have seen the fire :
17. 그 나머지로 신상 곧 자기의 우상을 만들고 그 앞에 부복하여 경배하며 그것에게 기도하여 이르기를 너는 나의 신이니 나를 구원하라 하는도다
And the residue thereof he maketh a god , even his graven image : he falleth down unto it, and worshippeth it, and prayeth unto it, and saith , Deliver me; for thou art my god .
18. 그들이 알지도 못하고 깨닫지도 못함은 그 눈이 가리워져서 보지 못하며 그 마음이 어두워져서 깨닫지 못함이라
They have not known nor understood : for he hath shut their eyes , that they cannot see ; and their hearts , that they cannot understand .
19. 마음에 생각도 없고 지식도 없고 총명도 없으므로 내가 그 나무의 얼마로 불을 사르고 그 숯불 위에 떡도 굽고 고기도 구워 먹었거늘 내가 어찌 그 나머지로 가증한 물건을 만들겠으며 내가 어찌 그 나무토막 앞에 굴복하리요 말하지 아니하니
And none considereth in his heart , neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say , I have burned part of it in the fire ; yea, also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh , and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination ? shall I fall down to the stock of a tree ?
20. 그는 재를 먹고 미혹한 마음에 미혹되어서 스스로 그 영혼을 구원하지 못하며 나의 오른손에 거짓 것이 있지 아니하냐 하지도 못하느니라
He feedeth on ashes : a deceived heart hath turned him aside , that he cannot deliver his soul , nor say , Is there not a lie in my right hand ?
21. 야곱아 이스라엘아 이를 기억하라 너는 내 종이니라 내가 너를 지었으니 너는 내 종이니라 이스라엘아 너는 나의 잊음이 되지 아니하리라
Remember these, O Jacob and Israel ; for thou art my servant : I have formed thee; thou art my servant : O Israel , thou shalt not be forgotten of me.
22. 내가 네 허물을 빽빽한 구름의 사라짐 같이, 네 죄를 안개의 사라짐 같이 도말하였으니 너는 내게로 돌아오라 내가 너를 구속하였음이니라
I have blotted out , as a thick cloud , thy transgressions , and, as a cloud , thy sins : return unto me; for I have redeemed thee.
23. 여호와께서 이 일을 행하셨으니 하늘아 노래할지어다 땅의 깊은 곳들아 높이 부를지어다 산들아 삼림과 그 가운데 모든 나무들아 소리내어 노래할지어다 여호와께서 야곱을 구속하셨으니 이스라엘로 자기를 영화롭게 하실 것임이로다
Sing , O ye heavens ; for the Lord hath done it: shout , ye lower parts of the earth : break forth into singing , ye mountains , O forest , and every tree therein: for the Lord hath redeemed Jacob , and glorified himself in Israel .
24. 네 구속자요 모태에서 너를 조성한 나 여호와가 말하노라 나는 만물을 지은 여호와라 나와 함께한 자 없이 홀로 하늘을 폈으며 땅을 베풀었고
Thus saith the Lord , thy redeemer , and he that formed thee from the womb , I am the Lord that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself;
25. 거짓말 하는 자의 징조를 폐하며 점 치는 자를 미치게 하며 지혜로운 자들을 물리쳐 그 지식을 어리석게 하며
That frustrateth the tokens of the liars , and maketh diviners mad ; that turneth wise men backward , and maketh their knowledge foolish ;
26. 내 종의 말을 응하게 하며 내 사자의 모략을 성취하게 하며 예루살렘에 대하여는 이르기를 거기 사람이 살리라 하며 유다 성읍들에 대하여는 이르기를 중건될 것이라 내가 그 황폐한 곳들을 복구시키리라 하며
That confirmeth the word of his servant , and performeth the counsel of his messengers ; that saith to Jerusalem , Thou shalt be inhabited ; and to the cities of Judah , Ye shall be built , and I will raise up the decayed places thereof:
27. 깊음에 대하여는 이르기를 마르라 내가 네 강물들을 마르게 하리라 하며
That saith to the deep , Be dry , and I will dry up thy rivers :
28. 고레스에 대하여는 이르기를 그는 나의 목자라 나의 모든 기쁨을 성취하리라 하며 예루살렘에 대하여는 이르기를 중건 되리라 하며 성전에 대하여는 이르기를 네 기초가 세움이 되리라 하는 자니라
That saith of Cyrus , He is my shepherd , and shall perform all my pleasure : even saying to Jerusalem , Thou shalt be built ; and to the temple , Thy foundation shall be laid .
■ 주석 보기
【사44:1 JFB】사44:1-28. Continuation of the Previous Chapter.
1-5. Yet—Though thou hast sinned, yet hear God's gracious promise as to thy deliverance.
chosen—(사41:8).
【사44:1 CWC】[DELIVERANCE THROUGH CYRUS]
In this lesson Israel is seen prophetically in Babylon, but about to be delivered and restored. Primarily, the reference is to her restoration after the seventy years captivity, in which Cyrus, King Persia, is the instrument.
In chapter 40, the people are comforted (vv. 1-11), in the thought that God is so great they can not be forgotten (vv. 12-31). The first and second coming of Christ are blended in the first part of the chapter, and John the Baptist is the voice crying in the wilderness (눅3:1-6; 요1:23).
In chapter 41, Cyrus and his plans are predicted (vv. 1-7, but Israel is seen as God's chosen servant, and comforted in the midst of the coming turmoil (vv. 8-20). Jehovah challenges all false gods to foretell things to come, as He does (vv. 21-29).
Chapter 42 returns to the thought of the Servant of Jehovah, only now that Servant is the Lord Jesus Christ, rather than national Israel (vv. 1-4, compare with 마12:14-21). Observe His work among the Gentile nations which is still future (vv. 5-16) and the appeal to deaf and blind Israel which must be awakened before that work shall begin.
Chapters 43-45 are connected, in which God is comforting Israel. See what he is and promises to be (43:1-7); How He will chastise their enemies (vv. 8-17); the good things to come (vv. 18-20); especially the forgiveness of their sin (vv. 22-28); accompanied by an outpouring of the Holy Spirit, producing a great revival (44:1-5). Idolatry is again rebuked (vv. 6-20), the faithful are called upon to rejoice (vv. 21-23), and Cyrus is definitely named as their deliverer, between two and three hundred years before his birth (vv. 24-28). Josephus, the historian of the Jews, says, that when the attention of Cyrus was called to this fact, probably by Daniel, he was stirred to fulfill the prophecy. In chapter 45 Cyrus is first addressed (vv. 1-13), then Israel (vv. 14-17), and then the ends of the earth (vv. 18-25).
Chapters 46-47 belong together, describing the fall of Babylon under Cyrus, and yet carrying us forward to her final destruction at the end of the age (see chapter 14). Her idols are carried by beasts (46:1, 2), while Jehovah carries His people (vv. 3-7). Chapter 47 shows its application on its face.
Chapter 48 is a review of Jehovah's messages to Israel in the preceding chapters.
【사44:1 MHCC】 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (사44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (사44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (사44:21-28)
사44:1-8 Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means 'the upright one.' Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in their services. Water is the emblem of the Holy Spirit; as water refreshes, cleanses, and makes the earth fruitful, so do his influences the soul. This gift of the Holy Ghost is the great blessing, the plentiful pouring out of which God kept for the latter days. Where God gives his Spirit, he will give all other blessings. Hereby shall be a great increase of the church; thus it shall be spread to distant places. Was there any other Rock, or Protector, that could defend them? None besides could foretell these things to come, of which God by his prophets gave notice. All was set in order in the Divine predictions, as well as in the Divine purposes. Could any other have done so? Who can compare with Israel's Redeemer and King?
사44:9-20 Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in worldly things, or run into unbelief, superstition, or any false system, they feed on ashes. A heart deceived by pride, love of sin, and departure from God, turns men aside from his holy truth and worship. While the affections are depraved, a man holds fast the lie as his best treasure. Are our hearts set upon the wealth of the world and its pleasures? They will certainly prove a lie. If we trust to outward professions and doings, as if those would save us, we deceive ourselves. Self-suspicion is the first step towards self-deliverance. He that would deliver his soul, must question his conscience, Is there not a lie in my right hand?
사44:21-28 Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God pardons sin, he blots out, he dispels this cloud, this thick cloud, so that the way to heaven is open again. The cloud is scattered by the Sun of righteousness; it is quite gone. The comforts that flow into the soul when sin is pardoned, are like clear shining after clouds and rain. Let not Israel be discouraged; nothing is too hard for God: having made all, he can make what use he pleases of any. Those that learn to know Christ, see all knowledge to be foolishness, in comparison with the knowledge of him. And his enemies will find their counsels turned into foolishness, and themselves taken in their craftiness. The exact fulfilling the prophecies of Scripture confirms the truth of the whole, and proves its Divine origin. The particular favours God designed for his people in captivity, were foretold here, long before they went into captivity. Very great difficulties would be in the way of their deliverance; but it is promised that by Divine power they should all be removed. God knew who should be the Deliverer of his people; and let his church know it, that when they heard such a name talked of, they might know their redemption drew nigh. It is the greatest honour of the greatest men, to be employed as instruments of the Divine favour to his people. In things wherein men serve themselves, and look no further, God makes them do all his pleasure. And a nobler Shepherd than Cyrus does his Father's will, till his work is fully completed.
【사44:2 JFB】2. (사43:1, 7).
formed … from … womb—(So 사44:24; 사49:1, 5). The sense is similar to that in 사1:2, "I have nourished and brought up children."
Jesurun—A diminutive term of endearment applied to Israel. The full title of affection was Israelun; contracted it became Jeshurun, with an allusion to the Hebrew root, jashar, "upright," "perfect" (see on 사42:19, note on "He that is perfect") [Gesenius], (신32:15).
【사44:3 JFB】3. (사41:18).
him … thirsty—rather, "the land" (사35:6, 7), figuratively for man thirsting after righteousness (마5:6).
floods—the abundant influences of the Holy Spirit, stronger than "water."
spirit—including all spiritual and temporal gifts, as the parallel, "blessing," proves (사11:2; 32:15).
seed—(사59:21).
【사44:4 JFB】4. they—thy "seed" and "offspring" (사44:3).
as among—needlessly inserted in English Version. Rather, "The seed shall spring up as willows among the grass beside canals of water" [Horsley]. Or, "They shall spring up among the grass (that is, luxuriantly; for what grows in the midst of grass grows luxuriantly) as willows by the water-courses," which makes the parallel clauses better balanced [Maurer].
【사44:5 JFB】5. The third clause answers in parallelism to the first, the fourth to the second.
I am the Lord's—(렘50:5; 고전6:19, 20; 고후8:5).
call himself by the name of Jacob—The Gentiles (as the result of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on Israel, the Lord's "seed," first) shall join themselves to the children of Jacob, in order to worship their God (compare 사43:7; 시49:11). Or, "calls," that is, invokes and celebrates the name of Jacob, attaches himself to his nation and religion [Maurer], (시24:6).
subscribe … hand unto … Lord—in solemn and public covenant, pledging himself to God's service (compare 느9:38), before "witnesses" (히12:1), after the manner of a civil contract (렘32:10, 12, 44). So the Christian in the sacraments [Barnes]. Literally, "shall fill his hand with letters (출32:15; 겔2:10) in honor of Jehovah"; or "shall write upon his hand, I am Jehovah's" (compare 사49:16; 계13:16); alluding to the puncture with ink on the hand, whereby a soldier marked himself as bound to his commander; and whereby the Christians used to mark themselves with the name of Christ [Lowth]. The former view is simpler.
surname himself … Israel—Maurer and Gesenius interpret this as the Hebrew sanctions, answering to their rendering of the parallel second clause, "calls blandly (speaks in honorable terms of) the name of Israel." Retaining English Version, we must, from the Hebrew understand it thus, "Surname himself by the honorable name of Israel" (사45:4).
【사44:6 JFB】6. Here follows an argument for Jehovah, as the only God, and against the idols, as vanity (see on 사41:4; 사43:1; 사43:10-12).
【사44:7 JFB】7. Who but God can predict future events and declare also the order and time of each (see on 사41:22, 23; 사45:21)?
call—"openly proclaim" (사40:6) things to come [Maurer]. Or, "call forth" the event; command that it happen (사46:11; 48:15), [Barnes].
set … in order—There is no chance or confusion; all events occur in the order best fitted to subserve God's plans.
for me—It is FOR God that all things exist and take place (계4:11). But Maurer translates, "Let him set it forth (욥37:19) to me."
since … ancient people—I have given the Jews predictions of the future ever since I appointed them as My people in ancient times; therefore they were qualified to be His witnesses (사44:8). As to their being God's "ancient (everlasting) people," see 신32:7-9; 렘31:3; the type of the redeemed Church (엡1:4).
【사44:8 JFB】8. be afraid—literally, "be astounded," or "distracted with fear."
from that time—namely, from the time that "I appointed the ancient people" (사44:7). From the time of Abraham's call, his family were the depositories of the predictions of the Redeemer, whereas the promise of Cyrus was not heard of till Isaiah's time; therefore, the event to the prediction and accomplishment of which God appeals in proof of His sole Godhead, is the redemption of man by a descendant of Abraham, in whose person "the ancient people" was first formally "appointed." The deliverance of the Jews, by Cyrus, is mentioned afterwards only as an earnest of that greater mercy [Horsley].
no God—Hebrew, tsur, "rock" (신32:4); that is, a stronghold to take refuge in, and a solid foundation to build on.
【사44:9 JFB】9. (사40:18, 20; 41:29).
delectable things—the idols in which they take such pride and delight.
not profit—(합2:18).
they are their own witnesses—contrasted with, "Ye are My witnesses" (사44:8). "They," that is, both the makers and the idols, are witnesses against themselves, for the idols palpably see and know nothing (시115:4-8).
that they may be ashamed—the consequence deducible from the whole previous argument, not merely from the words immediately preceding, as in 사28:13; 36:12. I say all this to show that they are doomed to perish with shame, which is their only fitting end.
【사44:10 JFB】10. Who … ?—Sarcastic question: "How debased the man must be who forms a god!" It is a contradiction in terms. A made god, worshipped by its maker (고전8:4)!
【사44:11 JFB】11. his fellows—the associates of him who makes an idol; or of the idol (see 신7:26; 시115:8; 호4:17).
they are of men—They are mortal men themselves; what better, then, can the idol be than its maker?
gathered together … stand up—as in a court of justice, to try the issue between God and them (see on 사41:1; 사41:21).
yet—wrongly inserted in English Version. The issue of the trial shall be, "they shall fear," &c.
【사44:12 JFB】12. tongs—rather, "prepareth (to be supplied) an axe," namely, with which to cut down the tree designed as the material of the idol. The "smith" (Hebrew, "workman in iron") here answers to the "carpenter" (Hebrew, "workman in wood"). "He worketh it (the axe, not the idol, which was wood, not metal) in the coals," &c. The axe was wrought, not cast. The smith makes the axe for the carpenter.
hungry … drinketh no water—so eager is he to expedite his work while the iron is hot. If the god were worth anything, it would not let him grow "faint" with hunger and thirst. Williams, the missionary, states that the South Sea islanders when they make an idol abstain from food and drink.
【사44:13 JFB】13. After the smith's work in preparing the instruments comes the carpenter's work in forming the idol.
rule—rather, "line" [Barnes].
with a line—rather, a "pencil," [Horsley]. Literally, "red ochre," which he uses to mark on the wood the outline of the figure [Lowth]. Or best, the stylus or graver, with which the incision of the outline is made [Gesenius].
planes—rather, "chisels" or "carving tools," for a plane would not answer for carving.
compass—from a Hebrew root, "to make a circle"; by it, symmetry of form is secured.
according to … beauty of a man—irony. The highest idea the heathen could form of a god was one of a form like their own. Jerome says, "The more handsome the statue the more august the god was thought." The incarnation of the Son of God condescends to this anthropomorphic feeling so natural to man, but in such a way as to raise man's thoughts up to the infinite God who "is a spirit."
that it may remain in … house—the only thing it was good for; it could not hear nor save (compare Wisdom 13:15).
【사44:14 JFB】14. Description of the material out of which the idol is formed.
cypress—rather, from Hebrew root, "to be hard," the holm oak," an evergreen abundant in Palestine [Gesenius].
strengtheneth—literally, "and he getteth strength to himself in the trees of the forest;" that is, he layeth in a great store of timber [Lowth]. Or, "chooseth," as "madest strong for thyself," that is, hast chosen (시80:15, 17) [Gesenius]. But English Version gives a good sense: "strengtheneth"; that is, rears to maturity; a meaning suitable also to the context of 시80:15, 17, where Israel is compared to a vine planted by Jehovah [Maurer].
rain doth nourish it—Though the man planted the tree, yet he could not make it grow. In preparing to make an idol, he has to depend on the true God for rain from heaven (렘14:22).
【사44:15 JFB】15. The same tree that furnishes the material for the god is in part used as fuel for a fire to cook his meals and warm himself!
thereto—rather, "he falleth down before them," that is, such images [Maurer].
【사44:16 JFB】16. part … part—not distinct parts, but the same part of the wood (compare 사44:17).
eateth—that is, cooks so as to eat (사44:19).
I have seen—I feel its power.
【사44:18 JFB】18. he, &c.—God hath given them over to judicial blindness; not His direct physical, but His providential agency in administering His moral government, is meant (사6:9, 10). "Shut," literally, "daubed," plastered up; it is an Eastern custom in some cases to seal up the eyes of offenders.
【사44:19 JFB】19. considereth—literally, "layeth it to heart," (사42:25; 렘12:11).
abomination—the scriptural term for an idol, not merely abominable, but the essence of what is so, in the eyes of a jealous God (왕상11:5, 7).
【사44:20 JFB】20. feedeth on ashes—figuratively, for the idolater delights in what is vain (잠15:14; 호12:1). "Feedeth on wind." There is an allusion, perhaps, also, to the god being made of a tree, the half of which was reduced to ashes by fire (사44:15-17); the idol, it is implied, was no better, and could, and ought, to have been reduced to ashes like the other half.
deceived heart—The heart and will first go astray, then the intellect and life (롬1:28; 엡4:18).
lie in … right hand—Is not my handiwork (the idol) a self-deceit?
【사44:21 JFB】21. Remember—"Be not like the idolaters who consider not in their heart" (사44:19).
these—things just said as to the folly of idol-worship.
my servant—not like the idolaters, slaves to the stock of a tree (사44:19). See 사44:1, 2.
thou … not … forgotten of me—Therefore thou oughtest to "remember" Me.
【사44:22 JFB】22. blotted out—the debt of thy sin from the account-book in which it was entered (출32:32, 33; 계20:12).
as a thick cloud—scattered away by the wind (시103:12).
as a cloud—a descending gradation. Not only the "thick cloud" of the heavier "transgressions," but the "cloud" ("vapor" [Lowth], not so dense, but covering the sky as a mist) of the countless "sins." These latter, though not thought much of by man, need, as much as the former, to be cleared away by the Sun of righteousness; else they will be a mist separating us from heaven (시19:12, 13; 요일1:7-9).
return … for—The antecedent redemption is the ground of, and motive to, repentance. We do not repent in order that He may redeem us, but because He hath redeemed us (Z전12:10; Lu 24:47; 행3:18,19). He who believes in his being forgiven cannot but love (Lu 7:43, 47).
【사44:23 JFB】23. Call to inanimate nature to praise God; for it also shall share in the coming deliverance from "the bondage of corruption" (롬8:20, 21).
done it—effected redemption for both the literal and spiritual Israel.
lower parts, &c.—antithetical to "heavens"; "mountains," "forest," and "tree," are the intermediate objects in a descending gradation (see 시96:11, 12).
【사44:24 JFB】24-28. Confirmation of His promises to the Church and Israel, by various instances of His omnipotence; among these the restoration of the Jews by Cyrus.
alone—literally, "Who was with Me?" namely, when I did it; answering to "by Myself," in the parallel clause (compare similar phrases, 호8:4; 요5:30) [Maurer].
【사44:25 JFB】25. tokens—prognostics; the pretended miracles which they gave as proofs of their supernatural powers.
liars—(렘50:36). Conjurers; or, astrologers; men leading a retired contemplative life in order to study divination by the signs of the stars [Vitringa].
backward—with shame at their predictions not being verified. "To turn away the face" is to frustrate defeat (사36:9; 왕상2:15). The "wise men" are the diviners who, when Babylon was attacked by Cyrus, predicted his overthrow.
【사44:26 JFB】26. servant—in a collective sense, for the prophets in general, who foretold the return from Babylon; answering to "His messengers" (plural, in the parallel clause) [Maurer]. Antitypically, and ultimately, Messiah, who is the consummating embodiment of all the prophets and messengers of God (말3:1; 마21:34, 36, 37; 요10:36); hence the singular, "His servant."
counsel—predictions; prophets' counsels concern the future (compare "counsellor," 사41:28).
Jerusalem—regarded prophetically, as lying in ruins.
【사44:27 JFB】27. Referring to the Euphrates, which was turned into a different channel, close to Babylon, by Cyrus, who thereby took the city. "The deep" is applied to Euphrates as "sea" (렘51:32, 36). "Rivers" refers to the artificial canals from the Euphrates made to irrigate the country; when it was turned off into a different bed (namely, a lake, forty miles square, which was originally formed to receive the superfluous water in an inundation), the canals became dry.
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